Members of Council and Ministers. The Hon. Khan Bahadur Shaik Ghulam The Educational portfolio includes, among other subjects, Medical Administration, Public Health, Sanitation and Industrial Development. The Minister of Local Self-Government also deals with Public Works (roads and building3) and the Civil Veterinary Department; while Agriculture, Co-operative Societies, Registration and some other matters are in charge of the Minister of Forests and Excise. SECRETARIES TO GOVERNMENT. Chief Secretary, Political Department.-James Died on the island of Anjediva in Oct. 1664 .. Died, 21st May 1667. Died in Surat, 14th July 1669. Died in Surat, 30th June 1677. Legal Department and Remembrancer of Legal Sir John Child, Bart. Public Works Department.-R. T. Harrison. MISCELLANEOUS APPOINTMENTS. Bartholomew Harris Daniel Annesley (Officiating) Sir Nicholas Waite.. Inspector-General of Police, F. C. Griffith, Stephen Strutt (Officiating) O.S.I., O.B.E. Charles Boone William Phipps Dismissed. Moniruddin S. Stephen Law John Geekie (Officiating) .. 1665 1666 Died, 23rd February 1771. Andrew Ramsay (Officiating) Died, 11th August 1811. Sir James Monteath, K.C.8.1. (Acting) 1838 1841 .. 1846 1847 1848 1853 Lord Elphinstone, G.C.H., P.C. Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse, K.C.B. 1867 1872 1907 1913 Sir George Ambrose Lloyd, G.C.I.E., D.S.O.(d)1918 (a) Proceeded to Madres on duty in Aug. 1793 (b) Was appointed Governor of Bombay by BOMBAY LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. The Hon. Mr. A. M. K. Dehlavi, Bar-at-law, President. Name and class of Constituency. Name of Member. Bombay Urban. City (North). (Non-Muhammadan) Mr. Ramchandra Santuram Asavle Mr. Framroz Jamshedji Ginwalla Bombay City (South). (Non-Muhammadan) Mr. Kharshed Framji Nariman Mr. Phirozsha Jehangir Murzban Dr. Mohannath Kedarnath Dixit Rao Saheb Dadubhai Purshottamdas Desai East Khandesh District. (Non-Muhammadan) Mr. Rajmal Lakhichand Rural. Mr. Hari Vinayak Pataskar Mr. Narayan Ramji Gunjal. Mr. Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav. Rao Bahadur Raoji Ramchandra Kale. Mr. Laxman Mahadeo Deshpande. Belgaum District. (Non-Muhammadan) Rural. Rao Bahadur Shanmukhapa Ningapa Angadi Bijapur District. (Non-Muhammadan) Rural. Dharwar District. (Non-Muhammadan) Rural. Kanara District. (Non-Muhammadan) Rural. Ratnagiri District. (Non-Muhammadan) Rural, Eastern Sind. (Non-Muhammadan) Rural. Western Sind Sholapur District. (Non-Muhammadan) Rural. (Non-Muhammadan) Rural. Mr. Panditapa Rayapa Chikodi. Mr. Sangappa Ameengouda Sardesai Mr. Venkatrao Anandrao Surve Mr. Bhojsing Gurdinomal Pahalajani Mr. Shamrao Pandurangrao Ligade Mr. Atmaram Mahadev Atavane Kolaba District. (Non-Muhammadan) Rural. The Southern Division. (Muhammadan) Mr. Haji Ibrahim Haji Mahomed Jitekar Hyderabad District. (Muhammadan) Sardar Mahaboobali Khan Mahamad Abkarkhar Biradar. Mr. Divansaheb Abasaheb Janvekar. Rural. The Hon'ble Khan Bahadur Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah. Ahmedabad merce and Industry. Indian Merchants' Chamber and Bureau, Com- Mr. Lalji Naranji. merce & Industry. form a ministry, giving him freedom to select his colleagues on the ministry. Consequently he enjoys the status of Chief Minister-unknown in other provinces in India. Agriculture and Industries. The Madras Presidency occupies the whole southern portion of the Peninsula, and, excluding the Native States, most of which have now come under the direct control of the Government of India, has an area of 141,075 square miles. It has on the east, on the Bay of Bengal, a coast line of about 1,200 miles; on the west, on the Arabian Sea, a coast line of about 450 miles. In all this extent of the coast, however, there is not a single natural harbour of any importance; the ports, with the exception of Madras, and perhaps of Cochin, are merely open roadsteads. A plateau, varying in height above sea-level from about 100 to about 300 feet and stretching northwards from the Nilgiri Hills, occupies the central area of the Presidency; on either side are the Eastern and the Western Ghats, which meet in the Nilgiris. The height of the western mountain-chain has an important effect on the rainfall. Where the chain is high, the intercepted rain-clouds give a heavy fall, which may amount to 150 inches on the seaward side, but comparatively little rain falls on the land ward side of the range. Where the chain is low, rainclouds are not checked in their westward course. In the central table land and on the east coast the rainfall is small and the heat in sum-there has been a strict exclusion of inferior cotton mer excessive. The rivers, which flow from west to east, in their earlier course drain rather than irrigate the country; but the deltas of the Godavari, Kistna and Cauvery are productive of fair crops even in time of drought and are the only portions of the east coast where agriculture is not dependent on a rainfall rarely exceeding 40 inches and apt to be untimely. Population. The population of the Presidency was returned at the census of 1921 as 42,794,155, an increase over the figure of 1911 of 2.2 per cent. The tendency has been for the more densely populated portions of the province to increase their numbers while the sparsely inhabited tracts have still further declined in density. Hindus account for 89 per cent. of the population, Mahomedans for 7, Christians for 3, Animists for 1. The vast majority of the population is of the Dravidian race and the principal Dravidian lan guages, Tamil and Telugu, are spoken by 18 and 16 million persons respectively. Of every thousand people, 410 speak Tamil, 377 speak Telugu, 75 Malayalam, 37 Oriya, 35 Canarese and 23 Hindustani. Government. The principal industry of the province is agriculture in which 68 per cent. of the population is engaged. The principal food crops are rice, cholam, ragi and kambu. The industrial crops are cotton, sugar-cane and groundnuts. Agricutural education is rapidly progressing in the presidency with a well known college at Coimbatore, with classes for juvenile and adult labourers attached to it, two agricultural middle Schools and numerous demonstration farms. While paddy, which is the staple food of the population, occupies the largest cultivable area, cotton is by no means an inconsiderable crops of the province and is receiving close attention at the hands of local agricultural authorities. The area under cotton is estimated at 2,330,100 acres and, as in the case of paddy, efforts are being made to produce better strains of cotton suited to different localities by means of both selection and hybridization. Side by side with an increase in the area under cotton, from existing good staple areas, while improved varieties have been systematically introduced. A special feature of the agricultural activities in the Presidency is the large industry which the planting community have built up, contributing substantially to the economic development of the province. They have organised themselves as a registered body under the title of "The United Planters' Association of South India," on which are represented the coffee, tea, rubber and a few other minor planting products. There are some 22 cotton mills in the Presidency which employ 35,000 operatives. Minor industrial concerns number over 120 and consist of oil mills, rope, rubber and tile works. Tanning is one of the principal industries of the Presidency, and there is considerable export trade in skins and hides although hide tanners have not been doing well of late. The manufacturing activities which are at present under the direction of the Department of Industries are mainly confined to the production of soap, ink, jam and preserves. The matchmaking industry is just raising its head in Madras. Early last year the Council complied with a demand made by the minister in charge of Industries for funds for appointing a special officer to conduct an exhaustive survey of the existing and potential cottage industries in the presidency. The aggregate value of the seaborne trade of the Presidency has been showing a steady increase and is now in the neighbourAs in other hood of Rs. 80 crores per annum. Provinces, the forest resources are exploited by Government. There are close upon 19,000 square miles of reserved forests. Education. The Madras Presidency is governed on the system generally similar to that obtaining in Bombay and Bengal. There are associated with the Governor four members of the Executive Council in charge of the Reserved Subjects and three Ministers in charge of the Transferred Subjects. Madras administration differs, however, in some important respects from that of other major provinces. There is no intermediate local authority between the Collector The Presidency's record in the sphere of of the District and the authorities at head-education has been one of continuous progress. quarters, Commissioners of Divisions being There are at present about 40,000 public insunknown in Madras. Another feature peculiar titutions, ranging from village primary schools to the Southern Presidency is the manner of to arts and professional colleges, their total choice of the ministers. Following the practice strength being 2,000,000. Special efforts are of the Mother of Parliaments, Madras Governors being made to provide education for boys have, even since the inception of the Reforms, belonging to the Depressed Classes. The called upon the leader of the dominant party to Council passed a resolution in the past year at |