passed on the shore of the Dead Sea we observed our Bethlehemites seated around a large fire, with their guns laid near them on the ground, while their horses, fastened to stakes, formed a kind of circle about them. These Arabs, after having taken their coffee, and conversed for some time with great earnestness, and with their usual loquacity, observed a strict silence when the sheik began his tale. We could, by the light of the fire, distinguish his significant gestures, his black beard, his white teeth, and the various plaits and positions which he gave to his tunic during the recital. His companions listened to him with the most profound attention; all of them with their bodies bent forward, and their faces over the flame, alternately sending forth shouts of admiration, and repeating with great emphasis the gestures of the historian. The heads of some few of their horses and camels were occasionally seen elevated above the group, and shadowing, as it were, the picture. When to these was added a glimpse of the scenery about the Dead Sea and the mountains of Judea, the whole effect was striking and fanciful in the highest degree.

III. NARRATION.

Middle Pitch, Radical Stress, Moderate Force, Pure Tone, Expulsive Form.

[From "Life of Raleigh."-Anon.]

Raleigh's cheerfulness during his last days was so great, and his fearlessness of death so marked, that the Dean of Westminster, who attended him, wondering at his deportment, reprehended the lightness of his manner. But Raleigh gave God thanks that he had never feared death, for it was but an opinion and an imagination; and as for the manner of death, he had rather die so than in a burning fever; that some might have made shows outwardly, but he felt the joy within.

IV. INTRODUCTION TO JUDICIAL SPEECH.

Middle Pitch, Radical Stress, Moderate Force, Pure Tone, Expulsive Form.

["Trial of a Murderer."- Webster.]

Against the prisoner at the bar, as an individual, I cannot have the slightest prejudice. I would not do him the smallest injury or injustice; but I do not affect to be indifferent to the discovery and the punishment of this deep guilt. I cheerfully share in the opprobrium, how much soever it may be, which is cast on those who feel and

manifest an anxious concern that all who had a part in planning, or a hand in executing, this deed of midnight assassination, may be brought to answer for their enormous crime at the bar of public justice.

SECTION XXVII.

LOW PITCH.

Low pitch is the key appropriate for the delivery of serious, solemn, pathetic, grave, devotional, sublime and grand thought not of an earnest or impassioned char

acter.

EXAMPLES: I. SOLEMN DIDACTIC.

Low Pitch, Radical Stress, Moderate Force, Pure Tone, Expulsive Form. [From "Religion the Only Basis of Society."—Channing.]

Few men suspect, perhaps no man comprehends, the extent of the support given by religion to every virtue. No man, perhaps, is aware how much our moral and social sentiments are fed from this fountain; how powerless conscience would become without the belief of a God; how palsied would be human benevolence, were there not the sense of a higher benevolence to quicken and sustain it; how suddenly the whole social fabric would quake, and with what a fearful crash it would sink into hopeless ruin, were the ideas of a Supreme Being, of accountableness, and of a future life, to be utterly erased from every

mind.

II. SOLEMN DESCRIPTIVE.

Low Pitch, Median Stress, Moderate Force, Pure Tone, Effusive Form. [From "Isle of Long Ago."]

There's a magical isle up the river of Time,
Where the softest of airs are playing;
There's a cloudless sky, and a tropical clime,
And a song as sweet as a vesper chime,

And the Junes with the roses are straying.

And the name of that isle is the Long Ago,
And we bury our treasures there;

There are brows of beauty and bosoms of snow;
There are heaps of dust-but we loved them so!
There are trinkets and tresses of hair.

There are fragments of song that nobody sings,

And a part of an infant's prayer;

There's a lute unswept, and a harp without strings,

There are broken vows and pieces of rings,

And the garments she used to wear.

III. SUBLIMITY.

Low Pitch, Median Stress, Moderate and Energetic Force, Orotund, Effu sive Form.

[From In Memoriam: “Abraham Lincoln."—Mrs. E. G. Bugbee.]

There's a burden of grief on the breezes of spring,
And a song of regret from the bird on its wing;
There's a pall on the sunshine and over the flowers,
And a shadow of graves on these spirits of ours;
For a star hath gone out from the night of our sky,
On whose brightness we gazed as the war-cloud rolled by;
So tranquil and steady and clear were its beams,
That they fell like a vision of peace on our dreams.

SECTION XXVIII.

HIGH PITCH.

High pitch is the key appropriate for the delivery of animated, joyous, gay, earnest and impassioned thought.

EXAMPLES: I. ANIMATED.

High Pitch, Radical Stress, Energetic Force, Pure Tone, Expulsive Form.

[From "Paddle Your Own Canoe.”—Mrs. Bolton.]

Voyager upon life's sea,

To yourself be true;

And where'er your lot may be,

Paddle your own canoe.

Never, though the winds may rave,

Falter nor look back,

But upon the darkest wave

Leave a shining track.

Nobly dare the wildest storm,
Stem the hardest gale;

Brave of heart and strong of arm,

You will never fail.

When the world is cold and dark,

Keep an end in view,

And toward the beacon mark
Paddle your own canoe.

II. JOY.

High Pitch, Radical Stress, Energetic Force, Pure Tone, Expulsive and Explosive Forms.

[From "Voice of Spring."-Mrs. Hemans.]

I come! I come! ye have called me long:

I come o'er the mountains with light and song.
Ye may trace my step o'er the wakening earth,
By the winds which tell of the violet's birth,
By the primrose stars in the shadowy grass,
By the green leaves opening as I pass.

From the streams and founts I have loosed the chain;
They are sweeping on to the silvery main;
They are flashing down from the mountain brows;

They are flinging spray o'er the forest-boughs;
They are bursting fresh from their sparry caves,
And the earth resounds with the joy of waves.

III. IMPASSIONED ORATORICAL.

High Pitch, Radical Stress, Impassioned Force, Orotund, Expulsive and Explosive Forms.

[From Speech in Virginia Convention.-Patrick Henry.]

Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. Three millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our ene my can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the destinies of nations, and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery. Our chains are forged. Their

clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston. The war is inevitable, and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come!

Gentlemen may cry

It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Peace! peace! but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the North will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!

IV. IMPASSIOned Poetry.

High Pitch, Thorough Stress, Impassioned Force, Orotund, Expulsive Form.

[From "Sheridan's Ride."-T. B. Read.]

Under his spurning feet, the road
Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed,
And the landscape sped away behind,
Like an ocean flying before the wind;

And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire,
Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

But lo! he is nearing his heart's desire;

He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray,
With Sheridan only five miles away.

SECTION XXIX.

VERY LOW PITCH.

Very low pitch is the key appropriate for the expres sion of deep solemnity when mingled with awe, sublimity, grandeur, amazement, horror, despair, melancholy and gloom.

EXAMPLES: I. SOLEMNITY AND SUBLIMITY.

Very Low Pitch, Median Stress, Energetic Force, Orotund Effusive Form. [From "Apostrophe to the Ocean."-Byron.]

Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll!
Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain!
Man marks the earth with ruin-his control
Stops with the shore; upon the watery plain