II. ANGER AND DEFIANCE.

[From "The Parting of Marmion and Douglas."-Scott.]
And if thou said'st I am not peer

To any lord in Scotland here,
Lowland or highland, far or near,
Lord Angus, thou hast lied.

III. SCORN.

[From "Seminole's Defiance."—Patten.]

I loathe you with my bosom;
I scorn you with mine eye;

I'll taunt you with my latest breath,
And fight you till I die.

IV. COURAGE.

[From "Warren's Address."-Pierpont.]

Stand! the ground's your own, my braves:

Will ye give it up to slaves?

Will ye look for greener graves?

Hope ye mercy still?

What's the mercy despots feel?

Hear it in that battle-peal!

Read it on yon bristling steel!
Ask it, ye who will.

No exercise is so effectual for imparting energy to the tone or strengthening weak organs as practice on the explosive form of voice. Combined with the expulsive, in argumentative discourse, it gives life and energy to the utterance.

Murdoch and Russell in their excellent work, “Vocal Culture," say: "This form of the human voice (the explosive) is one of the most impressive in its effects. By a law of our constitution it acts with an instantaneous shock on the sympathetic nerve, and rouses the

sensibility of the whole frame; it summons to instant action all the senses, and in the thrill which it sends from nerve to brain we feel its awakening and inciting power over the mind."

With the rapidity of lightning it penetrates every faculty and sets it instinctively on the alert.

It seems designed by nature as the note of alarm to the citadel of the soul.

SECTION VI.

QUALITY OF VOICE.

Quality of voice is the purity or impurity of the tone. The different qualities are, Pure Tone, Orotund, Aspirate, Pectoral, Guttural, Oral and Nasal.

Of these the first two are the appropriate qualities for the expression of unimpassioned forms of thought and the higher and nobler feelings and emotions.

The Aspirate, Pectoral and Guttural are the natural language of the malignant feelings and passions. Even the lower animals express their feelings of hate, anger, rage in the aspirate, pectoral and guttural qualities, as heard in the hissing of the serpent, the low pectoral growl of the wolf, and the deep guttural roar of the tiger.

In continuous, unimpassioned discourse these impure qualities are often employed to give emphasis to certain words and phrases.

The Nasal and Oral are used chiefly in personation, mimicry and burlesque.

Each of these qualities admit of the three forms al ready presented, and will be discussed in their relations to the Effusive, Expulsive and Explosive.

SECTION VII.

PURE TONE.

Pure tone is that quality of voice in which all the breath is converted into a clear, round, smooth, musical sound, with the resonance in the back part of the roof of the mouth. It is free from all aspirate, oral, nasal, or other impure qualities.

Owing to our defective system of education this quality of voice, so peculiar to childhood, is rarely possessed in more mature age.

The restraining influences of the school-room tend directly to destroy all the natural purity and sweetness of the voice.

To restore this natural quality, practice daily the following exercises with the strictest attention to the purity of the tone.

That the highest advantage may be derived from these exercises, special regard should be given to the quality.

Repeat a number of times each of the following ele ments in the effusive form with the utmost purity of tone. It will be noticed that the object of the exercise on page 52 was to cultivate form of voice without reference to quality or other attributes. The special object of this exercise is to cultivate purity of tone, and at the same time to retain and strengthen what was gained by the exercises under form. It should be constantly borne in mind that, in connection with each additional exercise, attention should be given to all the previous exercises, so that when the exercises in Movement of Voice are presented, (the last exercises under the attributes,) they will be not only exercises in Move

ment, but also in Form, Quality, Force, Stress, and Pitch.

Repeat the words as directed above, only with less prolongation

Pure tone, in the effusive form, is the appropriate quality of voice for the utterance of pathetic, solemn, serious and tranquil thought, not mingled with grandeur and sublimity, where the purpose is to awaken the feel. ings rather than to enlighten the mind.

EXAMPLES: I. SOLEMNITY.

Pure Tone, Effusive Form.

[From "An Evening Revery."-Phebe Cary.]

One sweetly solemn thought
Comes to me o'er and o'er;
I'm nearer my home to-day
Than ever I've been before.

Swims round the purple peaks remote.-T. B. Read.

Repeat the following elements and words a number of times in the Expulsive Form, Pure Tone, with the closest attention to the quality of voice:

PURE TONE, EXPULSIVE FORM-FIRST EXERCISE.

1. ê, as heard in earth, ermine.