ticed judiciously or the effect will be injurious rather than beneficial.

SECTION X.

PECTORAL.

The pectoral is that quality of voice in which the breath, by a rigid and contracted position of the organs of speech and muscles of the throat and neck, is con verted into a harsh, husky sound, with the resonance in the upper part of the throat.

This quality of voice is frequently exhibited by persons whose organs have been injured by strong drink.

To acquire control of this quality of voice, practice the following elements and words in the effusive form, with the organs so contracted as to obstruct the passage of the air:

PECTORAL, EFFUSIVE FORM-FIRST EXERCISE.

1. a, as heard in ale, pale.

The pectoral, in the effusive form, is the quality appropriate for the expression of awe, suppressed horror, dread, despair and similar passions. Like the Aspirate,

when combined with the Orotund, it intensifies the utterance of deep solemnity, sublimity, adoration and profound reverence.

EXAMPLES: I. AWE AND HORROR.

Pectoral, Effusive Form.

[From "Darkness."-Byron.]

I had a dream, which was not all a dream.
The bright sun was extinguished, and the stars
Did wander, darkling, in the eternal space,
Rayless and pathless, and the icy earth

Swung blind and blackening in the moonless air.
Morn came, and went-and came, and brought no day
And men forgot their passions, in the dread

Of this their desolation; and all hearts

Were chilled into a selfish prayer for light.

And they did live by watch-fires; and the thrones,
The palaces of crownéd kings, the huts,

The habitations of all things which dwell,

Were burnt for beacons: cities were consumed,
And men were gathered round their blazing homes,

To look once more into each other's face.

Happy were those who dwelt within the eye

Of the volcanoes and their mountain torch.

II. HORROR AND DREAD.

Pectoral, Effusive Form.

[From "Macbeth."-Shakspeare.]

Now o'er the one half world

Nature seems dead; and wicked dreams abuse
The curtained sleep; now witchcraft celebrates
Pale Hecate's offerings; and withered murder,
Alarumed by his sentinel, the wolf,

Whose howl's his watch, thus, with his stealthy pace
Toward his design

Moves like a ghost. Thou sure and firm-set earth!

Hear not my steps, which way they walk; for fear

The very stones prate of my whereabout,

And take the present horror from the time,
Which now suits with it.

III. AWE AND DEEP SOLEMNITY.

Orotund-Pectoral, Effusive Form.

Jacob's Exclamation after his Dream.-Bible.]

How dreadful is this place! This is none other than the house of God, and the gate of heaven!

IV. AWE AND PROFOUND SUBLIMITY.

Orotund-Pectoral, Effusive Form.

[From the Psalms.]

Of old Thou hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the work of thy hands. They shall perish, but thou shalt endure; yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same; and thy years shall have no end.

Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting thou art God. Thou turnest man to destruction; and sayest, "Return, ye children of men."

For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night.

Thou carriest them away as with a flood; they are as a sleep: in the morning they are like grass which groweth up. In the morning it flourisheth and groweth up: in the evening it is cut down and withereth.

PECTORAL, EXPULSIVE FORM-EXERCISE.

Repeat the elements and words on page 79 in the expulsive form, pectoral quality.

The pectoral, in the expulsive form, is the quality appropriate for the expression of hate, malice, scorn, revenge, etc.

EXAMPLES: I. HATRED AND MALICE.
Pectoral, Expulsive Form.

[From "Merchant of Venice."-Shakspeare.]

How like a fawning publican he looks!

I hate him, for he is a Christian;

But more, for that, in low simplicity,

He lends out money gratis, and brings down
The rate of usance with us here in Venice.
If I can catch him once upon the hip,

I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him!
He hates our sacred nation; and he rails,
Even there where merchants most do congregate,
On me, my bargains, and my well-won thrift,
Which he calls interest. Cursed be my tribe
If I forgive him!

II. HORROR AND TERROR.

Pectoral, Expulsive Form.

[From "Richard III."-Shakspeare.]

OI have passed a miserable night!
So full of fearful dreams, of ugly sights,
That, as I am a Christian, faithful man,
I would not spend another such a night,
Though 'twere to buy a world of happy days;
So full of dismal terror was the time!

My dream was lengthened after life:
O then began the tempest to my soul!

With that, methought, a legion of foul fiends
Environed me, and howléd in mine ears
Such hideous cries, that, with the very noise,
I trembling waked, and, for a season after,
Could not believe but that I was in hell;
Such terrible impression made my dream!

III. SCORN AND ABHORRENCE.

Pectoral, Expulsive Form,

[Masaniello, in reply to the base suggestions of Genuino.]

I would that now

I could forget the monk who stands before me;
For he is like the accursed and crafty snake!
Hence! from my sight! Thou Satan, get behind me
Go from my sight! I hate and I despise thee!

PECTORAL, EXPLOSIVE FORM-EXERCISE.

Practice the elements and words on page 79 in the explosive form, with pectoral quality.

The pectoral, in the explosive form, is the quality for the expression of anger, rage, threatening, defiance, etc. It is usually more or less mingled with the aspirate and orotund in the expression of these passions.

EXAMPLES: I. ANGER AND THREATENING.
Pectoral, Explosive Form.

[From "Cataline's Defiance."-Croly.]

"Traitor!" I go; but I return. This-trial?
Here I devote your senate! I've had wrongs
To stir a fever in the blood of age,

Or make the infant's sinews strong as steel.

This day's the birth of sorrow! This hour's work

Will breed proscriptions! Look to your hearths, my lords!
For there, henceforth, shall sit, for household gods,
Shapes hot from Tartarus! all shames and crimes!
Wan treachery, with his thirsty dagger drawn;
Suspicion, poisoning his brother's cup;
Naked rebellion, with the torch and ax,
Making his wild sport of your blazing thrones;
Till anarchy comes down on you like night,
And massacre seals Rome's eternal grave!

II. HATRED AND RAGE.

Pectoral, Explosive Form.

[From "Paradise Lost."-Milton.]

Be then his love accursed!

Since love or hate,

To me alike, it deals eternal woe.

Nay, cursed be thou! since against his thy will
Chose freely what it now so justly rues.
Me miserable! which way shall I fly ?
Infinite wrath and infinite despair!
Which way I fly is hell, myself am hell;
And in the lowest deep, a lower deep
Still threatens to devour me, opens wide,
To which the hell I suffer seems a heaven!