ὅδες, this (here); οὗτος, this (near); ἐκεῖνος or κεῖνος, that other

1 In the Attic dialect we find the pronoun used as an inseparable affix to all these pronouns ; this termination is long, and has the accent, thus: ὁδί, ουτοσί, ἐκεινοσί; also gen. τουτους, ταυτησί; pl. οὑτοῖς, αὐταῖί, ταυτί, &c. And so also in adverbs, as ἐνθαδί, &c. Ενταυθοί is a later form, for which we should read ἐνταυθί in the Attic authors, and ἐντεῦθεν in Homer. The affix ce gives the same force to certain pronouns in Latin.

3 Homer places the case-ending after the affix, as in τοῖσδεσι and τοῖσδεσσι.

3 We have sometimes τούτω with feminine nouns, as τούτω τω ἡμέρα, Xen. Cyr. I. 2, § 11.

240 (7) Indefinite and Interrogative Pronouns.

(α) ὁ δεῖνα, a certain person generally (whom one does not

The pronoun interrogative, τίς, " who?" is declined like the indefinite, τis, except that the accent remains on the 4 throughout the cases.

These pronouns are called correlative, because they always refer to a relative expressed or understood, in connexion with which there is generally also an interrogative and indefinite pronoun: thus τοσοῦτος, with τόσος and τοσόσδε, refers to the relative ὅσος and the interrogative and indefinite πόσος, ποσός; τοιοῦτος, with τοῖος and τοιόσδε, to the relative oἷos and the interrogative and indefinite ποῖος, ποιός ; and so on, according to the following table :

The simple forms τόσος and τοῖοs are seldom used in prose, and generally when there is little emphasis, as in the phrase τόσα καὶ τόσα, “such and such numbers.” Corresponding to τοῖος we have παντοῖος, ἀλλοῖος, ἑτεροῖος; and corresponding to τόσος, τοσοῦτος, we have τύννος, τυννοῦτος, “so little,” tantillus.

The declension of τοσόσδε, τοιόσδε, τηλικόσδε corresponds to that of ode, so that the accent always remains on the penultima; thus, τοσοῦδε, τοσοίδε, τοσώνδε, &c. The words ending in -οντος are declined as follows:

244 (11) Discretive and Distributive Pronouns.

(α) The discretive pronouns are ἄλλος, ἄλλη, ἄλλο, “another” (out of many), and ἕτερος, ἑτέρα, ἕτερον, “another” (out of two). The former of these, a representative of the Latin alius, ollus and ille, may be traced to an identity of origin, as it bears the same or nearly the same meaning, with κεῖνος, -η, -ο, “that other. With the exception of the neuter in -o, it is regularly inflected. The discretive repos means literally "nearer on this side" (cf. the Latin citra, citerior, citimus, &c.), and is referred to the reflexive element. Instead of ὁ ἕτερος the Attic writers have ἕτερος, ἅτεροι, and still more frequently in the neuter θάτερον and θάτερα for τὸ ἕτερον and τὰ ἕτερα. The Ionic dialect has the crasis

οὔτερος, the Doric either ἕτερος or ὤτερος (see Ahrens, Dial. Dor. p. 114). Ultimately the corruption θάτερος, θατέρα, θάτερον established itself in the own diáλEKTOS, and we have an apparent example of this as early as Euripides, who writes Oáτeρov for τòv érepov (Ion, 849; cf. Böckh, C. I. 1. No. 2119). We have also a discretive relation between οὐδείς, μηδείς, and οὐδέτερος, μηδέτερος.

(6) The distributive pronouns are ἕκαστος, ἑκάστη, ἕκαστον, "each one" (of many), Latin unus-quisque, and éκáтeρos, éκaтépa, Exάтeρov, "either one" (of two), "both the one and the other," Latin uterque, as distinguished from ambo, äμpw, åμþóτepos. See Plato, Theaetet. 185 Β: ὅτι ἀμφοτέρω δύο, ἑκάτερον δὲ ἕν. These distributives are derived from an old pronominal compound signifying "one," which is still extant in the Sanscrit numeral êkas, "one;" and is also seen in the particle exas, Latin secus, "apart," "by itself." The phrase as exaσto means "severally," as in Thucyd. 1. 3: οἱ ὡς ἕκαστοι Ἕλληνες, “the several Hellenic tribes,” "the Hellenes taken severally or as separate tribes, afterwards known by a common designation."

245 Besides the inseparable affixes -de and - (the latter of which, however, is sometimes liable to a kind of tmesis in the Attic comedies; above, 112), we have moveable suffixes, in the case of certain particles, which give a special value to some of the pronouns.

(a) The 1st and 2nd personal pronouns combine themselves with the moveable affix ye into a strengthened whole (like the Latin egomet), in which the accent is drawn back; thus we have eywye, ἔμοιγε for ἐγώ γε, ἐμοί γε; but ἐμοῦ γε and ἐμέ γε.

(b) The particles Te and Teρ added to relative and correlative pronouns give them a special and emphatic value; thus (1) ős te means "the particular person who," and is used regularly in the phrase 'Te, "for the particular reason which," i. e. "on condition that;" and in the adverb S TE (WσTE), “in the particular manner in which," i. e. "so that, to the extent that, on the condition that;" (2) olós тe, properly the correlative of Toîós te, means "just such a one as," i. e. "able or capable;" as olós r' eiμì taûta Spâv, "I am just such a person as (I am able) to do these things;" (3) ὅς περ, ὅσος περ, " exactly the person who,” “just as much