appointed for Students in Arts, may, by permission of the Council, proceed as a Student of Physical Science of the second year, provided he has also passed the Examination appointed for Students of Physical Science at the end of their first year.

10. Associates in Physical Science, who, after their admission to this rank, have been engaged for three years, at least, in some practical work of Mechanical, Mining, or Civil Engineering approved by the Council of the College of Physical Science, and have subsequently passed a further Examination having principally reference to the work in which they have been engaged, shall be admissible, by grace of the University, to the title of Mechanical, Mining, or Civil Engineer of the University of Durham.

11. This Examination shall be conducted by three Examiners at least, one of whom shall be nominated by the Warden, a second by the Council of the College of Physical Science, and the third by the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, and who shall be approved by Convocation.

12. Students who have obtained the academical rank of Associate in Physical Science shall be admissible to the Degree of Bachelor of Science, provided not less than two years shall have intervened from the time of their becoming Associates, after passing an Examination in not less than six of the following subjects-viz.,(1) Mathematics (Pure and Applied), (2) Physics, (3) Chemistry, (4) Geology, (5) Engineering. (6) Biology, (7) either Latin or Greek, (8) either French or German, the last of these subjects is compulsory.

SCHOLARSHIPS.

T. Y. HALL SCHOLARSHIP.-This Scholarship, of the yearly value of 207., tenable for three years by Students attending two or more of the classes, will be awarded on the result of the first Examination for the Associateship in Science.

CHARLES MATHER SCHOLARSHIP.—This Scholarship, of the yearly value of about 401., will be awarded on the result of the Final Examination for the Associateship in Science, coupled with satisfactory general conduct and attainments during the previous two years; and is tenable for one year from the time of obtaining the Associateship in Science, provided the Scholar continue his studies in the College to the satisfaction of the Professors.

NATHANIEL CLARK SCHOLARSHIP.—This Scholarship, of the value of 157. for one year, will be awarded in October to that Student who shall pass the First Examination for the Associateship in Science, and who shall be most distinguished in Chemistry and Geology. The Scholar will be required to attend the classes of Chemistry and Geology, so as to be qualified to take those subjects for the Final Examination for the Associateship in June next. The successful Candidate, if already an Exhibitioner, may retain his Exhibition.

PRIZES.

Prizes are awarded at the end of the Session to the most distinguished Students in each class, according to the decisions of the respective professors.

OFFICERS OF THE COLLEGE.

President.-The Warden of the University, and a Council of 15 members. Principal.-W. S. Aldis, M. A.

Professor of Pure and Applied Mathematics.-W. Steadman Aldis, M.A. Professor of Chemistry.-A. Freire-Marreco, M.A.

Professor of Physics and Experimental Philosophy.-A. S. Herschel, M.A. Professor of Geology and Lecturer in Geological Surveying.-G. A. Lebour,

F.G.S.

Professor of Natural History.-Geo. Stewardson Brady, M.D., F.L.S., &c. Lecturer in French.-G. de Poitiers.

Lecturer in German.-H. Schünemann, Ph. D., Leipzig.

Teacher of Mechanical Draining.-J. A. G. Ross.

Secretary.-Theo. Wood Bunning, C.E.

Professor of Mining.-J. H. Merrivale.

Professor of Modern History.-W. Moore Ede, M.A.

THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON,

Founded in 1837, a Royal Charter was granted in 1863, and a Supplemental Charter May 14, 1878, admitting women to all degrees without exception, and now occupying the new buildings in Burlington Gardens, was established for the purpose of conferring Degrees in Arts, Law, and Medicine, after the usual examinations, upon candidates for such honours. Those Examinations take place half-yearly at stated periods. The peculiar feature of the University of London is that it is open to all, "without distinction of rank, sect, party, creed, or place of education," and that the institutions from which its candidates are chiefly derived, belong respectively to the Church of England and to Protestant Dissenters of every shade of opinion, as well as to Roman Catholics. The cost of obtaining Degrees is stated in the subjoined list of fees.

Many years ago a vote was carried in the House of Commons in favour of the Charter of an University being conferred on "UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON," with the usual power of granting Degrees, and the motion was carried by a large majority; but soon after a change of Government occurred, and, in consequence of a recently presented "Report of a Royal Commission on Scottish Universities," there was a strongly-expressed opinion that teachers ought not to possess the power of estimating the nature of their own teaching; and the Government of the day, acting under this influence, founded, with the sanction of Her Majesty, the UNIVERSITY OF LONDON," which was originally intended, not to teach, but exclusively to confer Degrees, and to confer its Degrees upon the pupils of Colleges, not only in London, from time to time, but of those Institutions throughout the kingdom that would be recognised by the governing body of the University. The University College, London, sends the greatest

number of candidates for examination.

Examinations for Women.

All the Examinations of the University, with the prizes, exhibitions, scholarships, and medals depending upon them, are now open to women,

upon exactly the same conditions as to men, under a supplementary charter granted in 1878.

REGULATIONS.

MATRICULATION.

Candidates for any Degree granted by this University are required to have passed the Matriculation Examination. This Examination is accepted by the Council of Military Education in lieu of the Entrance Examinations, otherwise imposed on Candidates for admission to the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, and in lieu of the Preliminary Examination for a Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons. There are two Examinations in each year for Matriculation, one commencing in January, the other in June; and these Examinations, and also for the Degrees of B.A. and B.Sc., can be held not only at the University of London, but also in other parts of the United Kingdom, or in the Colonies, and they are carried on simultaneously with the Examinations in London, under the supervision of subExaminers appointed by the Senate. For all information as to the regula tions, the transmission of certificates, the fees payable to the University, and the time and mode of conducting the Examinations, should be addressed, "To the Registrar of the University of London, London, W." The fee for matriculating is 2. Candidates must prove a competent knowledge of Latin. and any two of Greek, French, and German, the English language, History and Geography, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, and Chemistry. The particulars of the subjects are given in the University Calendar. There are three Exhibitions, value 3., 20., 157., and a prize of 101. for the first four Candidates in the Honour Division, and any Candidate who may obtain a place in the Honour Division at the Examination in January shall be admissible to the first B.A. or to the first B.Sc. Examination in the following July.

ARTS.

BACHELOR Of Arts.

First or Intermediate Examination.

Candidates for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts shall be required to have passed the Matriculation Examination. The first B.A. Examination takes place in July in each year. The fee is 57. Candidates are examined in the following subjects:-Mathematics, Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Classics, the Latin Language, Greek, one book of Homer, or Xenophon, the English Language, Literature and History, the French or the German Language. There are three Exhibitions, two of 40l., tenable for two years, and one of 301.

Second Examination.

The Examination for the B. A. Degree takes place in October in each year. The fee is 5l. Candidates are examined in the following branches of knowledge; branches I., II., and III. being compulsory, but an option being allowed between branch IV. and branch V.-I. Latin, with Roman History (two papers). II. Greek, with Grecian History (two papers). III. One of the following languages: English, French, German, Italian, Arabic, Sanskrit (two papers in each). IV. Either Pure Mathematics or Mixed Mathematics (two papers in each). V. Mental and Moral Science (two papers). Candidates for Honours shall be examined in the

Honour subjects of the first B.A. Examination carried to a higher development. Two University Scholarships of the value of 501. per annum each, tenable for three years.

MASTER OF ARTS.

This Examination takes place in June in each year. The fee is 10, Candidates are examined in one or more of the following branches of knowledge:-Classics, Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, Mental and Moral Science, Political Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Political Economy. A Certificate under the seal of the University, and signed by the Chancellor, is delivered at the public presentation for Degrees to each Candidate who has passed. DOCTOR OF LITERATURE.

Candidates are required to have obtained the Degree of B.A. at this University.

Intermediate D. Litt. Examination.

This Examination takes place in June in each year. The fee is 107. Candidates are examined in (1) the Greek and Latin Classic Authors, (2) Prose Composition in Greek, Latin, and English, (3) Ancient History, and the History of Europe to the end of the 18th century.

D. Litt. Examination.

This Examination takes place in December in each year. The fee is 101. Candidates who have taken the degree of M.A. in branch II. or III. shall be exempt from the payment of this fee. Candidates are examined in (1) English Language, Literature, and History, (2) French Language and Literature, (3) German Language and Literature, (4) Anglo-Saxon Language and Literature, with Icelandic Language and Literature, (5) Sanscrit Language and Literature, (6) Arabic Language and Literature, (7) Hebrew Language and Literature, with Syriac Language and Literature.

SCIENCE.

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc.)

Intermediate Examination in Science.

The first Examination takes place in July in each year. The fee is 54. Candidates are examined in the following subjects:-Pure and Mixed Mathematics, Inorganic Chemistry, Experimental Physics and General Biology. Candidates for Honours are examined in the higher branches of these subjects. There are two Scholarships of 50l. each per annum, tenable for two years.

B.Sc. Examination.

This Examination takes place in October in each year. The fee is 5l Candidates are required to show a competent knowledge of any three which they may select out of the nine following subjects:-1. Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry, Differential Calculus, Integral Calculus; 2. Mixed Mathematics, Dynamic Astronomy; 3. Experimental Physics, Heat, Optics, Magnetism, Electricity; 4. Chemistry, Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; 5. Botany, Histology, Morphology, Physiology; 6. Zoology; 7. Animal Physiology; 8. Physical Geography and Geology; 9. Mental and Moral Science. Candidates for Honours are examined in the higher branches of these subjects. There are four Scholarships of 50l. each, tenable for two years.

DOCTOR OF SCIENCE.

The Examination for this Degree takes place in June of each year, and each branch occupies four days. The fee is 101. for every branch of the examination. Candidates for the Degree of D.Sc. are examined in one or more of the following branches of knowledge :-Physical Science: 1. Pure Mathematics; 2. Mechanical Science; 3. Astronomy; 4. Inorganic Chemistry; 5. Organic Chemistry; 6. Electricity; 7. Magnetism; 8. Physical Optics, Heat, Acoustics; 9. Animal Physiology ;-Biological Science: 10. Comparative Anatomy; 11. Zoology; 12. Vegetable Physiology; 13. Systematic Botany;-Geological and Paleontological Science: 14. Geology; 15. Paleontology ;-Mental and Moral Science: 16. Psychology, Logic, and Ethics.

LAWS.

BACHELOR OF LAWS.

Intermediate Examination in Laws.

This Examination takes place in January in each year. The fee is 5l. Candidates are examined in the following subjects:-1. Jurisprudence ; 2. Roman Law; 3. Constitutional History of England. The Candidate who has taken the highest Honour is entitled to an Exhibition of 50l. per ann., tenable for the next two years, with the style of University Law Scholar. LL.B. Examination.

This Examination follows immediately the pass Examination. The fee is 5. Candidates are examined in the following subjects:-1. Common Law, including Law of Evidence and Criminal Law; 2. Equity; 3. Real Property Law; 4. Roman Law.

DOCTOR OF LAWS.

This Examination is held in the week following the LL.B. Examination. The fee is 107. Candidates shall be examined in the following subjects:1. Roman Law; 2. One of the three following subjects, at the option of the Candidate :-Common Law, including Law of Evidence and Criminal Law; Real Property Law, including Conveyancing; Equity; 3. One of the two following subjects, at the option of the Candidate :-International Law, Public and Private; Jurisprudence and Principles of Legislation. The Candidate who distinguishes himself the most shall receive a gold medal of the value of 201.

MEDICINE.

PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC (M.B.) EXAMINATION.

this

This Examination takes place in July in each year. Candidates for the Degree of M.B. are strongly recommended by the Senate to pass Examination before commencing their regular medical studies, and to devote one year in preparation for it. The fee is 5l. Candidates are examined in the following subjects :-Inorganic Chemistry, Experimental Physics, Acoustics, Heat, Magnetism, Electricity, Optics, Botany and Vegetable Physiology, Zoology. An Exhibition of 401. per ann., tenable for two years, on Experimental Physics; this is given through the liberal endowment of the late Dr. Arnott, and is entitled "The Neil-Arnott Exhibition." There are also two other Exhibitions of 401. each, tenable for two years. Separate Honours in Organic Chemistry and in Materia Medica will be awarded at the first M.B. Honour Examination, an Exhi