1871 Experimental Physics J. E. B. Mayor, M.A., S. John's...... 1872 1879 1875 Mechanism and Mechan-James Stuart, M.A., Trinity............ 1875 ics 1878 Professorship of Anglo-Walter W. Skeat, M.A., Christ's...... 1878 Saxon 1882 Clark Lecturer English Literature 1883 Professorship of Surgery 1883 Physiology.. Superintendent of the Museums of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy.— J. W. Clark, M. A., Trinity. Demonstrator of Human Anatomy.—A. Hill, M. A., M.B. Demonstrators of Chemistry.-J. W. Hicks, M.A., Sidney; W. J. Sell, B. A., H. J. H. Fenton, B.A., S. F. Harmer, B.A. Demonstrator of Comparative Anatomy.-R. T. Glazebrook, M.A., F.R.S. Demonstrator of Experimental Physics.-W. N. Shaw, M.A. Strickland Curator.-Dr. Hans Gadow. Teacher of Rabbinic and Talmudic Literature.-S. M. Schiller-Szinessy, M.A. The Principal Officers of the University and their respective duties are the following: : The CHANCELLOR, who is the head of the whole University, and presides over all cases relating to that body. In him is placed the sole executive authority within the precincts, except in matters of mayhem and felony. The HIGH STEWARD, who has special power to take the trial of scholars impeached of felony within the limits of the University, and to hold and keep a leet according to the established charter and custom. He appoints Deputy. The VICE-CHANCELLOR, who is elected annually on the 4th of November, by the Senate. His office, in the absence of the Chancellor, embraces the execution of the Chancellor's powers, and the government of the University according to her Statutes. He must, by Statute 19 and 20 Vict. c. 88, be the Head of some College; and during his continuance in office he acts as a magistrate for the University, the Town, and the County. The COMMISSARY, who is an officer, under the Chancellor, and appointed by him. He holds a court of record for all privileged persons and scholars under the Degree of M.A. The SEX VIRI, elected by Grace of the Senate, to hold office for two years; whose business it is to hear and adjudicate, together with the Vice-Chancellor, all accusations against members of the University who are not in statu pupillari, for offences against the Statutes or Ordinances of the University. They have the power of punishing offenders, by deprivation or suspension of degrees; but there is liberty of appeal to the Senate from their decision. The PUBLIC ORATOR, who is the voice of the Senate upon all public occasions. He writes, reads, and records the letters to and from the body of the Senate, and presents to all honorary degrees with an appropriate speech. The LIBRARIAN, to whom the regulation and management of the University Library is confided. The REGISTRARY, who is obliged, either by himself, or deputy properly authorized, to attend all Congregations, to receive Graces when passed, and to register them in the University records. The ASSESSOR, who is an officer specially appointed, by Grace of the Senate, to assist the Vice-Chancellor in his court, in causis forensibus et domesticis. Two PROCTORS, who are peace-officers, elected annually. It is their especial duty to attend to the discipline and behaviour of all persons in statu pupillari, and to search houses of ill fame. Another part of their duty is to be present at all Congregations of the Senate, to read the Graces, to take the assent or dissent, and to pronounce the same. They must be Masters of Arts or Law of three years' standing at the least, or Bachelors of Divinity. They must also have resided during the major part of each of three Terms during the two preceding years. Two MODERATORS, nominated by the Colleges which present the Proctors, and appointed by Graces of the Senate. They conduct the examinations of the Candidates for Honours in the Mathematical Tripos. Four PRO-PROCTORS, who assist the Proctors in that part of their duty which relates to the discipline and behaviour of those persons who are in statu pupillari, and the preservation of public morals; but in other parts of the Proctors' office they have not any concern, or control. Two ESQUIRE BEDELLS, whose office is to attend the Vice-Chancellor, whom they precede with their silver maces upon all public occasions and solemnities; to receive from the Vice-Chancellor the Graces delivered to them, and to deliver them to the Proctors, and to summon to the Chancellor's Court all members of the Senate. Two MEMBERS, whom the University sends to Parliament. elected by the collective body of the Senate. These are The UNIVERSITY COUNSEL, who are appointed by Grace of the Senate, and are consulted upon various occasions. The SOLICITOR, who is appointed by the Vice-Chancellor. The PROFESSORS, who are elected in different ways, and who are paid from various sources. The respective Orders in the several Colleges are as follows: --- 1. A HEAD of a College or House, who is generally a Doctor in his Faculty. The Head of King's is styled Provost; of Queen's, President. Every other Head is called Master. 2. FELLOWS, who generally are Doctors in Divinity, Law, or Physic; Bachelors in Divinity; Masters or Bachelors of Arts; and some few Bachelors in Law or Physic, as at Trinity Hall, and Caius College. The number of Fellowships in the University is nearly 400. 3. NOBLEMEN GRADUATES, DOCTORS in the several Faculties, BACHELORS IN DIVINITY, MASTERS OF ARTS, and MASTERS OF LAW, who are not on the Foundation. 4. BACHELORS of ARTS, LAW and PHYSIC. 5. FELLOW-COMMONERS, who are generally the younger sons of the nobility, or young men of fortune, and have the privilege of dining at the Fellows' table, whence the appellation originated. Of this class there are now very few indeed. 6. SCHOLARS, who are generally Foundation members of their respective Colleges, and who enjoy various advantages; in some cases they have their commons free, their chambers rent-free, and various weekly or other allowances in other cases they have specific stipends only, in conformity with the conditions of their foundation. They are for the most part elected, by direct examination or otherwise, at different periods either prior or subsequent to the commencement of their residence at the University, from the most promising and distinguished Students. 7. PENSIONERS, who form the great body of the Students, who pay for their commons, chambers, &c., and enjoy generally no pecuniary advan tages from their respective Colleges. 8. SIZARS, who are generally Students of limited means. They usually have their commons free, and receive various emoluments. METHOD OF OBTAINING A DEGREE. The Degree of Bachelor of Arts is either an "Honour" Degree or an "Ordinary Degree, either of which can be obtained in many ways. In order to obtain a Degree three things are necessary: 1. To obtain admission as an Undergraduate at one of the Colleges, or to become an Unattached Student; application being made in the first instance to the Tutor of the College which the applicant desires to join, or, in the latter case. to the University Censor.-2. To keep Terms, i.e., to reside at Cambridge, in College rooms, or in lodgings licensed by the University, for a period of about three years.-3. To pass certain Examinations. Anyone wishing to enter as an Undergraduate at one of the Colleges, or to become an Unattached Student, should, in the one instance, make application to the Tutor of the particular College which he desires to join, and, in the other, to the Censor of Non-Collegiate Students. At some of the Colleges a Preliminary Examination of an easy nature is held, but in every case the applicant will have to obtain, before entrance, a certificate signed by an M.A. of Oxford or Cambridge, showing that the person giving the certificate has examined the applicant, and that, as a result of such examination, he considers him to be a fit and proper person, both on account of his learning and moral character, to become a member of the University, and of the College which he proposes to enter. At some Colleges it has been usual to require a certificate of baptism as well; but since the passing of the Universities Tests Act, 1871, it is to be presumed that this is not now required in any case. Having satisfied the College Tutor as to his eligibility to become a member of the Society, the Student has then to pay his Caution Money and certain Fees, which are given on another page, and a few weeks afterwards he is enrolled as a member of the University, at a formal ceremony called "Matriculation." This consists chiefly in the payment of a Fee, which, in the case of ordinary Students, called Pensioners, is 51. The Student must now keep Terms and pass Examinations. In each academical year, which extends from October to June, there are three Terms (at Oxford there are four). The first, or Michaelmas Term, begins on the 1st of October and ends on the 16th of December. The second, or Lent Term, begins on the 13th of January and ends on the Friday before Palm Sunday. The third, or Easter Term. begins on the Friday after Easter Day, and ends on the Friday after "Commencement Day," which is the last Tuesday in June. The period of residence required is nine Terms, and "keeping Term" is residence during two-thirds of the period known as the Term. Having been duly enrolled as a member of the University in statu pupillari, the Student must next decide whether he will become a Candidate for the ordinary Degree, or "go out in Honours." If he chooses to be content with the ordinary Degree he will have to pass three Examinations: 1. The Previous Examination; 2. The General Examination; 3. One of the Special Examinations. Should the Student desire to obtain his Degree with Honours, he has to pass two Examinations only; viz., the Previous Examination, including additional subjects, which are not set to those who are candidates for the ordinary Degree, and lastly, one of the Triposes. Each of these numerous Examinations will now be treated of. THE PREVIOUS EXAMINATION. The first Examination is one which all Students must pass before they can be admitted to the subsequent Examinations, by means of which they ultimately obtain their Degree. This is the Previous Examination, more familiarly known as the "Little Go," which consists of two parts. The first part embraces four subjects; viz.:— 1. One of the Four Gospels in the original Greek. 2. One of the Latin Classics. 3. One of the Greek Classics. 4. A paper of questions on Latin and Greek Grammar, with especial reference to the set Latin and Greek subjects. The second part of the Examination also embraces four subjects; viz. :-1. Paley's Evidences of Christianity. 2. Euclid, Books I., II., III., Definitions 1-10 Book V., and Props. 1-19 and A of Book VI. 3. Arithmetic. 4. Elementary Algebra; viz., definitions and explanations of algebraical terms and signs; addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of algebraical quantities and algebraical fractions; the elementary rules of ratio, proportion, and variation; and easy equations of a degree not higher than the second, involving not more than two unknown quantities. Both parts of this Examination must be passed (but not necessarily at the same time) by all Students who intend to take a Degree; but for Students who intend to be Candidates for Honours in any Tripos there is a further Examination commonly known as the "Additional," the subjects of which are: 1. Algebra; viz., the proofs of the rules of Arithmetical and Geometrical Progression, with simple examples; easy problems in Elementary Algebra; and the nature and use of logarithms. 2. The Elementary parts of Trigonometry; viz., modes of measuring angles, trigonometrical ratios, functions of two angles, and the solution of triangles. 3. Elementary Mechanics; viz., the composition and resolution of forces acting in one plane at a point, the mechanical powers, and the properties of the centre of gravity. The Previous Examination, together with that in the additional subjects, is held twice in each academical year, in the Michaelmas and Easter Terms; and it is open to all matriculated Students in their first or any later Term of residence. Matriculated Students are not obliged to pass in both Parts of the Previous Examination at the same time, but may offer themselves for examination either in both Parts or in one Part only. The selected Gospel and the Classical subjects given in the first part are announced, at least, twelve months before the Examination takes place at which they will be set. THE GENERAL EXAMINATION. Students who intend to take the ordinary Degree, having "got through" both parts of the "Little Go," will next have to pass what is known as the General Examination for the ordinary Degree." This they can do at any time after having kept four Terms, the Examination being held twice a year, viz., in the Michaelmas and Easter Terms. The subjects of the General Examination are : 1. The Acts of the Apostles in the original Greek. 2. One of the Latin Classics. 3. One of the Greek Classics. 4. Algebra; viz., easy equations of a degree not higher than the second, involving not more than two unknown quantities; the proofs of the rules of Arithmetical and Geometrical Progression, with simple examples; and easy problems in Elementary Algebra. 5. Elementary Statics, treated so as not necessarily to require a knowledge of Trigonometry, namely, the composition and resolution of forces acting in one plane at a point, the mechanical powers, and the properties of the centre of gravity. 6. Elementary Hydrostatics, namely, the pressure of non-elastic fluids, specific gravities, the properties of elastic fluids, and the principal instruments and machines whose action depends on the properties of fluids and Heat, as defined in Regulation 9. Two Additional Papers are given, one containing one or more passages of English for translation into Latin Prose; and the other containing one or more subjects for an English Essay, and one or more passages from Shakespeare or Milton, to be punctuated and paraphrased. Students are not required to present themselves for either of these Papers, but the results of both are taken into account in assigning the places in the Class-List. The appointment of the Greek and Latin Classics, which are to be the subjects of Examination in any year, shall rest with the Board of Classical Studies. Public notice of the Classics is given a year, at least, before the Examination takes place. The names of Students who pass the Examination appear in four classes, the names in each class being arranged alphabetically. THE SPECIAL EXAMINATIONS. Presuming that the Candidate for an ordinary Degree has satisfactorily passed the two Examinations already mentioned, he will next have to present himself for one of the "Special Examinations for the ordinary |