nan is by far the largest and most populous in China. In respect to the effects of closing the trade at Calcutta, to which the trade of fifty or sixty millions of people in Bengal is confined, the witness thinks that our imports into India are spread more uniformly over those dominions than in China: it is estimated that barely one ninth of our imports is consumed in the north of China, on account of the dis tance. The inconvenience in respect to exports would be chiefly local. The inland laid twice as much duty on foreign fluence of foreign trade does not extend. manufactures as the Chinese, the fact very far inland from Canton. The popu- would go generally, and in the abstract, lation of the city of Canton and the su to sanction the inference that England is' burbs cannot be a fourth or a fifth of that anti-commercial. of London; the assertion that the population living in boats on the Canton river is nearly a million, is an outrageous cstiinate. The floating population in boats, ships, and barges, on the river at Canton, is not so great as the number upon the Thames at London. of hong merchants refusing to make any remuneration; he knew an instance in which a hong merchant made it a part of his stipulation that he should not be obliged to make good the loss of tea returned: the contrary practice is an exception, the rule has been in the other direction. The heavy duties on foreign manufactures are partly a proof of the anti-com- 4 mercial spirit, and partly of the greediness, of the Chinese government. If Eng The inland navigation in China, with all that has been done, is in a very inferior state to what it might be. The river, which brings the teas to Canton, from the frontier of the provinces, where it has to cross a high mountain, is a mere trout-> stream for a great proportion of the way, and foreigners have been obliged to wait at Canton for months, on account of there not being enough water in that river to float the vessels that bring the teas. The Chinese, if left by their rulers to them selves, would perhaps be the most in dustrious and commercial people in the world; they do not navigate, at present, so far as the Arabs do. The witness speaks now of their internal commerce, the very circumstances which makes them so independent of external or foreign commerce. The quantity of tea consumed by the Chinese generally is very small: they economize it wonderfully. An ordinary Chinese puts his leaves into the tea-pot in the morning, and they last him through the day: the drink is kept warm by a contrivance which forms a stratum of nonconducting air between the two vessels which contain it. The tea exported to Russia is raised in the northern part of the empire; it is a different species of tea from what we use. Tea is grown on the line of coast on the eastern side of China, not in the western provinces. It may have happened, in individual cases, that where tea turns out bad, two chests have been given for one; but wit ness doubts it as a general fact. The Company debit the merchants in their books. It may be intelligible, as an insulated act of spontaneous generosity, on the part of a rich merchant like Howqua; but the Company could hardly venture to do such a thing as to exact double the amount of all losses. Witness has heard " # The disadvantage the Company have in regard to the rate of freight is the price they pay for the great advantage derived from their superior class of shipping. If it was deemed advisable, the legislature might oblige the Company to go into the market for their tonnage, like other merchants. In respect to the advantage of" large ships, as regards the storage of teas, witness can speak to the fact of one small ship, carrying tea to Canada, having delivered her cargo in a most deplorable condition, entailing serious loss, arising from her general condition. In most cases, the cargoes are turned out in a worse condition from ships of that description than from the Company's regular ships. The country traders have had a few large ships lately; but the American ton is less than ours. The tea tasted by witness at Pekin appeared generally rather different from that brought to Canton; it was thought by the embassy generally inferior: he has understood that teas is grown in one of the north-western provinces, towards the great wall, not to any great extent in any other part of the empire; there is a coarse tea grown for the use of the population, the specimens of which seen by witness were of a very inferior character. The population of China almost universally use tea. The produce of the two provinces witness has mentioned is not, probably, circulated to every part of the empire, on account of the high transit-duties: a very large part of the lower population are therefore supplied from their own neighbourhood. Any portion of the population that can afford to pay for the best tea will pay for it, wherever it comes from. The Chinese use tea generally as a drink; they never drink plain water if they can help it. They drink a good deal of wine at their convivial meetings, and tea is introduced at the end. There is a vessel of tea-water slightly tinged with tea standing in the principal apartment of each house, which is available to all the inmates. The quantity of tea thus used is extremely small. Their figurative expression for poverty is "weak tea and insipid rice." The tea The embassy from Pekin to Canton did not pass through Fokien or Tchekiang. In the tea provinces they passed, the cul ture of tea was partial; it was rather an: event to come across a tea plantation: those provinces are less devoted to the growth of tea than Fokien and Tchekiang, If the losses sustained by fire by Ameri. can merchants at Canton have been made good to the persons suffering, it was in a very few partial and individual instances, and at the expense of the consoo; witness knows of many persons who sustained severe loss without any relief: the benevo lence of the Chinese government, he believes, evaporated, on the occasion, in a few pompous sentences. The witness has heard some Chinese say that tea is better for keeping, if properly stopped up. The Company pay less for old teas than for new, because they are the teas rejected as not of contract quality. The ginseng imported into Canton is exclusively the produce of some districts in North America, and introduced by the Americans, but held by the Chinese at a very low estimation, compared with what they procure in Tartary, which is a monopoly of the emperor. It is a wild plant, The witness, in his former evidence rés, specting the time the tea plant took to produce, meant to state that tea is a product which could not be grown in exact accordance to a fluctuating annual de mand, like a crop of wheat, and therefore, in order to keep up the average quality of the produce, it was desirable that the demand should be as little fluctuating as possible, " verpool; and they found it convenient, being there, to take woollens as a remittance, though they might lose by them to a certain extent. Witness has heard they have lost on particular articles of woolléns; their importation of woollens never reached one-fourth of the Company's. Witness does not believe they have ever made twenty or thirty per cent. on articles on which the Company had lost (as assumed in a question put before), or they would have increased their importations. He infers from their doing so, that those large profits were made only in a very few indi-` vidual instances, and that where they were made it was by evading the port charge! Witness has heard of some sinall quantity of British woollens being imported through Russia into China, but is not sure of it. The demand must be greater in the cold provinces for such commodities. Witness is not aware of there being those heavy transit duties levied on commodities transported from Russia overland that are levied through the provinces of China, which should render their transport to the northern provinces more expensive than by Canton: the question is a matter of ca'culation. The American trade in woollens has interfered with the Company's trade, more or less; but the American trade in woollens has not increased lately. It entailed a fall in the price of our woollens. The profit expected on the last consignment of woollens, of the year 1828-29, will arise from the very great fall in the invoice cost. There has been no rise of price or increased demand in China for woollens, rather the reverse. The woollen trade began to be a losing concern to the Company in some measure since the Ame rican competition. The decrease in the export of woollens by the Company from 260,000 pieces, in 1809 and up-to 1813 and 1814, to 161,000 in 1815, and 123,000 in 1827, is explained upon, this ground, that the Company before endured a great toss, which they did not feel justified in continuing to endure. The Americans made use of the (British) woollens merely as a remittance from Liverpool, direct from China, as they preferred taking dol lars. From the circumstance of the Ame can ports being to the leeward of the trade-wind, a ship is as long going direct from America as by touching first at Lig *1⌘༄』》。*སྣ ་ The Company made an attempt, some years ago, to introduce cutlery and hardware; but the articles were unsuited to Chinese use. They send about 1,800 tons of iron per annum, which yields a small profit: there is a Chinese duty of about 5s. 10d. per cwt. on iron. There is a very limited demand for quicksilver: it is partly introduced by the officers of the Company's ships. in the year 1814, when the Company made a stand, and gained advantages which extended to the country trade, the Bombay merchants applied to the government in England, for redress, for the loss they sustained (the Company lost too); their application was rejected. The Chinese government warn all foreigners to beware of dealing with the outside merchants, as it will not guarantee their losses: they would deny all remedy against an outside merchant, stating that the foreigner must bear the consequences of his own dealings. The government would not give security to any transactions with outside people; the hong are security for the duties, but not for the debts of the outside dealers. robli od odt 1975 glowñol ENOLA HOME INTELLIGENCE. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. The Parliament was prorogued by his Majesty in person on the 23d July, and dissolved by proclamation on the 24th. LAW. PRIVY COUNCIL, July 14, The Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone and Henry Dundas Robertson, appellants; Heerachund and Jetmul Anoopchund (executors of Amerchund Bidreechund dec., executor of Narroba Govind Outia, dec.) respondents. This was an appeal from a sentence in the Supreme Court of Bombay, in an action for trover, brought by Amerchund Bidreechund against the EastIndia Company and Messrs. Elphinstone and Robertson, under the following circumstances. During the late Mahratta war, Poona, the capital of the Peishwa's dominions, was taken possession of by the British forces under Gen. Smith, in November 1817, and Mr. Elphinstone was appointed commissioner of the territory conquered from the Peishwa; Mr. Elphinstone, in February 1818, appointed Mr. Robertson provisional collector and magistrate of Poona and the adjacent country. In July 1818, Mr. Robertson took possession of a considerable property, consisting of twenty-eight bags of gold mohurs and venetians, found in the house of Narroba Govind Outia, a Brahmin, the kasgeet, or treasurer of the Peishwa, and killedar of the fort of Rajeghur. This money was directed by Mr. Elphinstone to remain with Mr. Robertson, on account of Government, until the commands of the Governor-general should be received, there, being doubts whether the money was the property of Narroba (who appears to have been committed to prison), or of the Peishwa, and also whether it was to be considered prize to Gen. Smith's division. The proceeds were afterwards paid over to the Company, on the ground that the money was in reality the property of the Peishwa, and consequently of the state. The action for the recovery of this money, brought by the executor of the deceased Narroba, was resisted on the ground before-mentioned, and also because Narroba was an alien enemy at the time of the seizure, because the money was taken jure belli, and bona fide, as booty, and lastly, because the government was not amenable to the court. The judges of the Supreme Court (Sir Edward West and Sir C. Chambers) were of opinion, that the plaintiff was entitled to a verdict against Mr. Elphinstone and Mr. Robertson, but that there was no evidence to shew that the Company had adopted the act of their servants, or of any demand upon and refused by the Company. They were of opinion, that it was not proved that the money was the Peishwa's; that Narroba was not analien enemy at the time of the seizure, and that the inhabitants of Poona, where he was domiciled, were protected under Mr. El phinstone's proclamation of 1817, stipulating that all property, real or personal, will be secured." They therefore give damages against the two defendants to the full amount claimed, 17,45,290 rupees, including compound interest from the time of seizure, with costs, making in all 17,61,594 rupees. From this sentence the defendants appealed to this tribunal. The argument being concluded, the counsel and parties were directed to withdraw. After some time they were again called in. Lord Tenterden. "We think the proper character of the transaction was that of a hostile seizure, made, if not “flagrante,” yet" nondum cessante bello," regard being had both to the time, the place, and the person, and consequently that the municipal court had no jurisdiction to adjudge upon the subject; but if any thing was done amiss, recourse could only be had to the government for redress. "We shall therefore recommend it to his Majesty to reverse the judgment." ; MISCELLANEOUS. MONUMENT TO THE LATE COLONEL PEP Our readers will recollect the particulars The monument is a military figure, larger than life, in the uniform of the light infantry of the Madras army, with a Mr. George Clarke, of No. 4, Charles Street, Covent-Garde where the work may be seen." Lieut. Col. Hercules Henry Pepper, of the 34th Light Infantry, who died at Fort St. George, 25th July 1826, aged 42; 1 distinguished on various occasions, by a rare during the late Burmese war. And to Lt. Col. Conroy, 3d Light Infantry Captain Cursham, 1st Eur, Regt. Captain Stedman, 34th Light Infantry; Lieut. Adams, 3d Light Infantry; who, animated with the same spirit, and emulating the example of their intrepid leader, were killed at Setong in Jan. 1826, This Monument. of overwhelming darkness; in the other, it still wants many hours of high noonday; but is there not enough, in either case, on which to rest the eye of gratitude, and to awaken in the beholder thanksgiving to Him who is given to be head over all things to his church, and who in the fulness of time will rise in glorious splendour, as the sun of righteousness with healing in his rays? "Have we not heard with joy that one of the most detestable works of darkness has fled before the light in India? The dissemination of the Scriptures has, it it is nothing more than just to s say, surely borne its part in exhibiting in its true but horrid colours, the enormities of that system under which the widow burned on her husband's funeral pile. May the widow's expiring groans never be heard again! May the child never carry the lighted torch (doing violence to nature), and kindle the unhallowed fire! May other remaining evils quickly depart! Hasten it, O Lord, in thine own time! "What the sight now beheld, in lands newly become Christian! Let your committee call upon you to go back in spirit to Tabiti, in the days of Captain Cook : visit the abode of Omai-see there the solitary Bible, given him in all probability by your own Granville Sharp, who taught him the first principles of writing, and, On the 3d July Viscount Combermere so far as his knowledge of our language had an audience of the King, at which his allowed, endeavoured to pour the light of Lordship presented to his Majesty a paint-divine truth into his ignorant and untuing from the king of Delhi, representing the king of Delhi, his three sons, and a grandson, in full costume. His Lordship also presented a letter from the king of Delhi, enclosed in a gold purse. : is raised by several of their Friends, in the Coast Army, T L THE KING OF DELHI.15 NEW JUDGE AT BOMBAY, 242 62d Foot (on passage to Madras), V. L. Lewes to be Ens, by purch., v. Corfield prom. (15 June): Capt. Jas. Twigg, from h. p. of regt, to be Capt., v. A.Macdonald, who exch. (19 June); Assist.Surg. H. Carline, from 89th F, to be Assist. Surg. (18 June), 75th Foot (on passage to C. G. Hope Assist Surg. F. Goodwin, from h. p. 41st F., to be Assist. Surg. 15 June). Pacha, and also to enforce the payment of one year's arrears due to the Sultan, which he has withheld on various pretexts. If the commissioner judge it necessary, he is to supersese the authority of Mehemed Ali as governor of Egypt, until further orders. It was generally expected at Constanti nople that an open rupture between the sultan and his viceroy will be the consequence of this proceeding; and as it is well known that the latter has been, for several months past, engaged in fortifying every point at which an attack might be apprehended, the contest, should one take place, will be at all events a long one, attended with ruinous expense to both parties.-London Paper. LORD VISCOUNT COMEERMERE. At the Oxford commemoration of Founders and Benefactors, on the 24th June, the honorary degree of doctor of civil law was conferred on General the Lord Viscount Combermere, G.C.B., &c. &c. Dr. Bliss, in presenting Lord Combermere, said, "I present for his honorary degree of doctor of civil law, a nobleman whose courage and activity are known throughout the world; from the Tagus to the Ganges, unsullied glory has attended his arms. He has crowned his country with glory, and deserves all her highest honours." PROMOTIONS AND CHANGES IN THE BRITISH ARMY. (SERVING IN THE EAST.) 16th L. Drags. (in Bengal). Cornet H. Wardroper to be Lieut. by purch.; v. Neale prom.; and Wm, Wilmer to be Cornet by purch.; v. Wardroper (both 15 June 30). 2d Foot (at Bombay). Hosp. Assist. R. H. A Hunter to be Assist. Surg., v. Poole dec. (15 June). 3d Foot (in Bengal). Ens. P. G. Beers, from 29th F., to be Lieut. by purch., v. Barr prom. (15 June). 13th Foot (in Bengal). C. J. Carter to be Ens. v. Dunne app. to 18th F. (18 June). 20th Foot (at Bombay). Wm. Heron to be Ens. by purch. v. Crawley prom. (15 June). 26th Foot (at Madras). Ens. W. F. P. Wilson, from 32d F., to be Ens., v. Combe prom. in 20th F. (16 June). 1 29th Foot (at Mauritius). J. O. Lucas to be Ens. by purch., v. Boyd prom. in 54th F. (15 June); C. R. Storey to be Ens. by purch., v. Beers prom. in 3d F. (16 June). 40th Foot (at Bombay). Hosp. Assist. A. West to be Assist Surg, v. Coleman dec. (15 June). 46th Foot (at Madras). Lieut. G. Farwell to be Capt. by purch., v. Andrews app. to 30th F.; Ens. N. Gosselin to be Lieut. by purch,, v. Farwell; and Jas. Hall to be Ens. by purch., v. Gosselin (all 15 June). 54th Foot (at Madras). Lieut. F. W. Johnson to be Capt. by purch. v. Fairfield, who retires; Ens. U. Boyd, from 29th F, to be Lieut, by purch., v. Johnson; and S. Reed to be Ens., v. Calder dec. (all 15 June. 55th Foot (at Cape of Good Hope. Ens. Edw. Foy to be Lieut. by purch,, v. Rose, who retires; and F.J. Dixon to be Ens, by purch., v. Foy (both 15 June). A :57th Foot (in N. S. Wales. Lieut. Gen. Sir Wm. Inglis to be Col., v. Gen. Sir H. Dalrymple dec. (16 April). 99th Foot (at Mauritius). Capt. G. M. Dickens, from h. p., to be Capt., v. J. M. Maill ne, who exch., rec. dif. (15 June; Lieut. Jas. Murray to be Capt. by purch., v. Dickens, who retires: Ens. P. Smyly to be Lieut. by purch., v. Murray; and G. G. Canny to be Ens. by purch., v. Smyly fall 18 June). Brevet, Capt. E. C. Archer, 45th F., to be Major in Army (15 June). BREVET PROMOTIONS. His Majesty has been pleased to appoint the fol lowing officers to take rank by Brevet as under mentioned; the commissions to be dated 22d July 1830. To be Generals in the Army.-Lieut. Gen. Geo. Earl of Dalhousie; Lieut. Gen. the Hon. Sir G. Lowry Cole. To be Lieut. Generals in the Army.-Maj. Gen. Sir T. S. Beckwith; Maj. Gen. Robert Earl of Carnwath; Maj. Gen. Sir Hudson Lowe." To be Major Generals in the Army-Colonels A. Pilkington, h. p. 2d Ceylon Regt. John Gardner, h. p. 1st F.; J. W. Sleigh, 11th L. Drags.; Hon. John Ramsay, h. p. unattached; J. F. Fitzgerald, 20th F.; Wm. Stewart, 3d F. Sir Alex. Leith, h. p. 48th F.; Sir John Brown, 13th L. Drags; Willoughby Cotton, 14th F.T To be Colonels in the Army-Lieut. Cols. Sir F. H. Doyle, bart. h. p. 54th F.; Wm. Gray, h. pa 1st F.; Edw. Darley, 58th F.; Christ. Hamilton, 97th F.; John Daniell, 49th F.; W. W. Blake, h. p. 20th L. Drags.; Sir Edw. Miles, 89th F.: Sir Jas. Wilson, h. p. 48th F.; Wm. Wood, h. p. 41st F.; John Gillies, h. p. 40th F.; W. F. B. Loftus, h. p. 38th F.; C. A. Vigoreux, 45th F. Sir E. K. Williams, 41st F.; Henry Sullivan, 6th F.; Rich Armstrong, 26th F.; Alex. Thomson, h. p. 98th F.; Miller Clifford, 58th F.; M. Lindesay, 78th F.; S. A. Goodman, h. p. 48th F.; Thos. Kenah, h. p. 58th F. T To be Lieut. Colonels in the Army-Majors John Moore, 54th F.; C. Milner, h. p. 3d F.; William Fawcett, h. p. 14th F.; W. H. Tayntun, h. p. 31st F.; F. Elwin, h. p. 44th F.; W. H. Lapslie, h. p. 39th F.; W. S. Forbes, 89th F.; B. Stone, h. p. 5th F.; J. L. Basden, 89th F.; Jas. Laing, h. 61st F.: J. Bradish, h. p. 2d Ceyl. Regt. G. S. Thwaites, h. 57th F.; S. Bircham, Ceyl Regt.; R. Hilliard, h. p. 45th F.: N. Brutton, 11th L. Drags.; John M Mahon, 2d F.; R. Terry, h. p. 31st F.; A. Morris, h. p. 14th F. To be Majors in the Army.-Captains R. Hunt, 57th F.; E. Charleton, 61st F.; B. Ha fhide, 44th F.; R. Mullen, 1st F.; H. Wellman, 57th F R. J. Denham, 13th F.; C. S. O'Meara, 4th F.; R. Moore, 45th F.; Jas. Johnston, 44th F.; W. S. Bertrand, 14th F.; R. Jebb, 40th F.: J. H. Barnett, 40th F.; M. M'Gregor, 78th F; J. Kitson, 44th F.; G. Ingham, Ceyl. Regt.: T. S. Begbie, 82d F.; A. F. Barbauld, 54th F.; G. E. Jones, 89th F. June 27. Matilda, Vaux, from Mauritius and Cape; at Torbay,-28. Charles Kerr, Brodie, from Bombay 4th Feb.; and Cape 19th April: off Brighton.-28. Herculean, Battersby, from Bengal 5th Feb.; at Liverpool.-28. Minerva, Hay, from Singapore 30th Dec., and Cape 8th Apriliont Dartmouth.-29. Symmetry, Stevens, from Ceylon 20th Feb.; Mauritius 21st March and Cape 15th April; at Gravesend. 29, York, Moncrief, from Mauritius 3d May; at Gravesend, 30. City of Edinburgh, McKinnon, from Mauritius 18th Feb., and Cape 29th March at Bristol.-July 2. Rifleman, Bleasdale, from Mauritius 15th March, and Cape 16th April at Gravesend. 2. Eamont Walmesley, from Batavia 2d Feb.; at Cowes (for |