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The Taraï and Bhaver.

Plate VII.-The Arna, Bos Arna, mas. Plate VIII.-Gulo Orientalis. Lower hills of Nipal. Fig. 1, the fore, and 2, the hind, foot.

Plate IX.-Sculls. 1-1, the Sayer; 2-2, the Machabba; 3-3, the Mul Sampra, or Martes Hardwickii ; 4-4, Oriental Glutton; 5-5, the Highland Nyool, or Mangusta Javanica.

Plate X.-Lowland Nyool.

1 and 2, the head; 3, the ear with hair reflected;

4, fore foot, and 5, hind ditto; 6-7, head of Highland Nyool; 8, its ear; 9, its fore, and 10, its hind, foot; 11, 12, 13, 14, scull of Lowland Nyool.

Part 4th.

Plate I.-The Phusro Jarai of the Nipalese.

Cervus Aristotelis of SMITH,

mature males, and head of ditto. Figs. 1 and 2, from one specimen, and 3 and 4, from another.

Plate II. fig. 1, scull of Ailurus Fulgens; 2, upper teeth of ditto; 3, lower teeth of ditto; 4, scull of short-tailed Manis; 5 and 6, upper, and 7, lower, jaw of ditto; all nat. size.

Plate III.-The Lokriah Squirrel, S. Lokriah, mihi. Central region of Nipal. Nat. size.

Plate IV. fig. 1, common Musk Shrew of Nipal. Sorex Indicus? 2, common field mouse of Nipal; 3, Sano Chuah, or lesser common rat of Nipal. M. Ratus. Black rat? All natural size. Fig. 4, the scull; and 5, the hand, of the Shrew.

Plate V.-The Nipalese cat. Felis Nipalensis, mature male; 2, head of ditto. Plate VI.-Black and white flying Squirrel. Sciuropterus Alboniger, mihi. Central and northern regions. Fig. 1, the fore foot, and 2, the hind. Nat. size. Plate VII.-Ghoral Antelope. Figs. 1 and 2, head of mature male, 3; head of young male: 4, scull and horns of male; 5, the fore, and 6, the hind, foot.

Plate VIII.-The Buansu, or wild dog of the Nipalese. Canis primævus, mihi; fig. 2, reclining figure of ditto.

Plate IX.-Comparative views, on an uniform scale, of the Buansu, Indian jackal, and Indian fox.

Plate X.-Head of the Buansu, nat. size; fig. 2, small front view of ditto. Plate XI.-Sculls of Buansu, Indian jackal, and Indian fox. Figs. 4 and 5, scull and teeth of Buansu of nat. size.

Part 5th.

Plate I. fig. 1, scull and horns of the Bara Sinha, or Indian type of the true Stag. Inhabits the Bhaver and saul forest of Nipal. Fig. 2, horns of the Chittra, or spotted Axis; fig. 3, horns of Laghuna or Pada or Porcine Axis. Two latter inhabit the Taraï. All three on an uniform scale.

Plate II. figs. 1, 2, 3, various specimens of the horns of the Phusro Jaraï of the Nipalese. C. Aristotelis of SMITH. Hipehaphus of DU VAUCEL; 4, horns of the Rato Jaraï; 5, horns of the Kalo Jaraï; 6, horns of the Bahraiya, Cervus Bahraiya, mihi. (The Maha of the western portion of these hills.) All the animals inhabit the saul forest and Bhaver of Nipal.

Plate III.-Young males of the two varieties of the musk proper to the Kachar region of Nipal.

Plate IV.-Female of the Nipalese variety of Felis Serval. Head of the same. Plate V.-Head of the Machabba, or Malva of the Taráï. Paradoxurus Bondar ? mature male. (N. B. Long hair moulted off.) Fig. 2, the male organs of genera

tion with the bald secreting surface on either side the sheath of the penis; 3, female organs of generation and anus; 4, the fore foot, and 5, the hind foot. (First despatch.)

Plate V1.- Pteropus of central region: Pt. Lencocephalus, mihi. § of nat. size, (11 inches by 4-8; body and muzzle, uniform saturate brown; whole head and shoulders, rufous yellow.)

Plate VII. figs. 1 and 2, Rhinolphi, and 3, Vespertilio, of central region. Nat. size.

Plate VIII. fig. 1, Pteropus; 2 and 3, Vespertiliones, of central region. Nat. size.

Plate IX.-Heads and sculls of the Vespertilionide of the three preceding plates. Plate X.-Head and members of the Langoor monkey of the central region. Part 6th.

Plate I.-The Chikara or Chouka, A. Tetracornis. Figs. 1 and 2, horns of nat. size. Habitat Taraï; mature male.

Plate II.-Snakes of central region. (N. B. All of them are innocuous.)
Plate III.-Young Porcupine of central region.

Plate IV.-Tibetan Mastiff, two varieties.

Plate V.-Common Hare of central region. Figs. 2 and 3, Locusts of same region.

Plate VI.-Common Otter of Taraï.

Plate VII. fig. 1, common Toad, and 2, common Frog, of central region.
Plate VIII.-Panther and Leopard of central region. Mature males.

Plate IX.-Cabool grey-hound and scull; 3, scull of Prochilus Labiatus. Plate X. fig. 1, Prochilus Labiatus of Taraï; 2, Ursus Tibetanus of central region of Nipal. Fem, junior.

Part 7th.

Plate I.-Dentition of Rhinoceros unicornis of the Taraï.

Plates II. and III.-Fishes of central region.

Plate IV.-Members of the fishes of the two preceding plates.

Plate V.-The Khar Laghuna, or brown Porcine Axis. Fem. Fig. 1, mature;

2, junior, from living animal in 2nd and 3rd year of age.

Plate VI. figs. 1, 2, scull and horns of Yak of Tibet, mature male; 3, 4, 5, scull of Ursus Tibetanus of central region, junior; 6, scull of the Lassa Mastiff, old.

N. B. For the clime and physiognomy of the three regions of Nipal, (i. e. the Northern, Central, and Southern ones,) see the published Catalogue of the Mammalia.

Plate VII. figs. 1 and 2, Zibet of central region of Nipal: two figures from different specimens; 3, the Urva of central and northern tracts; 4 and 5, fore and hind feet of Urva.

Plate VIII.-Indian Dûmba sheep, mature male; 2, Cabool ditto ditto, ditto.

Plate IX.-The Barwal or domestic sheep of the Kachar of Nipal; fig. 2, the Hoaniah or domestic sheep of Tibet and of the Himalaya. Mature males.

Plate X.-The Wool-bearing Paradoxurus, Paradoxurus Lanigera, mihi; nat. size. Habitat the northern region of Nipal.

Plate XI.—The short-tailed Manis of the central region of Nipal. (N. B. Proves to be a new species.)

Plate XII. fig. 1, Chittra or Axis; 2, Jhou Laghuna or spotted Porcine Axis; mature males. The Tarai of Nipal.

(Second despatch.)—Extra sheets, three.

Plate I. figs. 1 and 2, scull of Ovis Nahoor, old male; 3-4, ditto of Ovis Banbhera, junior; 5-6, ditto of musk of Kachar; 7-8 ditto, of Antelope Hodgsonii, old male; 9-10, ditto of a Cervi Capra.

Plate II.-Head and limbs of Ovis Nahoor, old male.

Plate III.-5 sketches of horns of Ratwa Muntjac, (to prove the various forms they are apt to assume.)

Two more extras.

Plate IV.-Ursus Tibetanus, male of two years; and head and limbs of ditto; and 3, views of scull and teeth.

Plate V.-Ant. Tetracornis, Chikara or Chouka, male head of ditto, separate. (March, 1835.)—Another extra sheet.

Plate VI.-Capra Jhárál, wild goat of the northern region. Views of head and horns separate.

(The Tehr of the western hills is a variety with nodose horns, and probably identical with H. SMITH'S C. Jemlaïca.)

(July 1st.)-Extra sheet.

Plate VII. fig. 1, The Arna; 2, Gouri Gáo, mature males. (Bubalus Arna and Bisonus Gavcens.) Tarai.

Plate VIII. figs. 1, 2, Arna ; 3, tame Buffaloe; 4, Yâk; 5, 6, Gáuri Gao. Sculls and heads.

N. B. The delineations of the extra sheets to be substituted for prior draw. ings of the same subject.

XIII.-Miscellaneous Extracts.

1.-Influence of the Moon on the Weather. By F. MARCET.

[Extracted from Jamieson's Edin. Phil. Journal, 1835.]

On the question whether the moon has any influence on the weather or not, there are two opposite opinions: the great mass of the people, including sailors, boatmen, and most practical farmers, entertain no doubt whatever, of the influence of the moon; whether the change of the weather at the lunar phases will be from fair to foul, or from foul to fair, none of them pretend to decide beforehand, but most of them think, that at the new and full moon, there is generally a change of some kind. On the other hand, philosophers, astronomers, and the learned in general, attribute this opinion altogether to popular prejudice. Finding no reason, in the nature of atmospheric tides, for believing that changes should take place on one day of the lunation, rather than another, they consider the popular opinion to be unsupported by any extended series of correct observations.

In the Annuaire for 1833, ARAGO, the learned editor, has presented the result of the observations of SCHUBLER in Germany, during twenty-eight years, or 348 synodic revolutions of the moon. During this period of 348 new moons, &c. the number of rainy days were as follows:

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The observations of SCHUBLER were made during eight years at Munich, four years at Stuttgard, and sixteen years at Augsburg. As a good meteorological register has been long kept at Geneva, the author thought it would be interesting to ascertain from the tables, (which have been carefully published in the Bibliothèque of that city,) whether, during a period of thirty-four years, viz. from 1800 to 1833, any inferences could be drawn for or against the popular opinion on the subject of lunar influence.

He finds, during these thirty-four years, the number of rainy days and quantity of water fallen, to be as follows:

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Rainy days. Water fallen.

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Throughout the whole period,.

Thus it appears, that during thirty-four years, or 12,419 days, comprehending 420 synodic revolutions of the moon, there have been 3,657 rainy days. This gives for every 100 days, 29.45 rainy days; and we find, that

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Hence, it is evident, that during these thirty-four years at Geneva, the days of new moon and the days of the first quarter have been just about as liable to be rainy days as any other common day of the month; while the days of full moon and those of the last quarter have been rather more liable. But although the days of full moon have been rather more frequently wet days than those of the new moon, it does not follow that more water has fallen at full moon, than at the change. The result of observation in that respect is as follows:

For every 100 days of new moon, there fell

102.9 lines.

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The average quantity for 100 days is 93-6 lines, whence it appears, that at the new moon, the first quarter, and the full moon, more water has fallen than on common days; at the last quarter, less. The quantity fallen on the total of the lunar phases, surpasses that on other days in the proportion of 98 to 93.6. Another question is, whether a change of weather is more liable to happen on the four principal days of the lunar phases than on common days. But it must be first decided, what is meant by the term change of weather.

This term should, the author thinks, be limited to a change from clear weather to rain, or from rain to clear weather, and not be understood to include, as some meteorologists make it, all changes, such as that from calm to windy, or from clear to cloudy, &c. As the author accepts it, the weather must have been steady during two days at least; that is, that the weather has been clear, or that it has rained more or less during two consecutive days. For example, a week has passed without rain; it rains on the eighth day, and on the ninth, the weather is again fine. In this case, according to the author's definition, there is no change of weather.

So also, if it has rained during five successive days, the sixth and seventh must

be clear, in order to constitute a change of weather. This may be arbitrary, but at least it is not vague; and if practised, it will prevent, in the balancing of calculations, any leaning to a favorite hypothesis. To avoid another error, into which some may have fallen, the author marks no change as occurring on lunar phases, but those which take place on the very day, and never those which may happen on the evening before or on the next day. With these precautions, he finds that, during the thirty-four years, or 12,419 days, there have been 1,458 changes of weather. Of this number, 105 have taken place at the epoch of the two principal lunar phases, viz. 54 at the new moon, and 51 at the full moon. Now the whole number of principal phases during the thirty-four years is 840; therefore, as 12419: 840 :: 1458 98-6, the number of changes which would have taken place at new and full moon, had these lunar phases had no more than the share of common days; but instead of which, the number was 105. Of the 54 changes at new moon, 32 were from rain to fine weather, and 22 from fine weather to rain. Of the 51 at full moon, 31 were from rain to clear, and 20 from clear to rain. Thus at the new and full moon, the changes to fine weather are to those to rain as 63 to 42. Having thus proved, that the epoch of new and full moon are not absolutely without some effect on the weather, the author examined, whether this effect was confined to those very days, or extended to the day following. On the days following the new and full moon, there were 129 changes, instead of 98.6, which would have been the number had these shared the proportion only of common days. With respect to the days of the first and last quarter, the changes on these were 96, which bring them nearly to the condition of common days. It is thus shown from the tables, that the chance of change at the new and full moon, compared with the chance on ordinary days, is as 125 to 117, and that the chance on the day following these two phases, compared with the common days, is as 154 to 117. Upon the whole, therefore, this examination lends some support to the vulgar opinion of the influence of new and full moon, but none whatever to any special influence of the first and third quarters. With respect to the barometrical pressure, it is ascertained, that out of the 1,458 changes of weather, there were in 1,073 cases a corresponding rise or fall of the barometer, according as the change was from rain to fair or the contrary. This is nearly as 3 to 4. Of the 385 false indications of the barometer, 182 were on a change from rain to clear, and 203 on a change from clear to rain. Finally, of the 385 anomalies of the barometer, 17 were at full moon, and 10 only at new moon.

2.-On the Composition of the Rangoon Petroleum, with Remarks on the Composition of Petroleum and Naphtha in general. BY WILLIAM GREGORY, M. D. F. R. S. E.

The author first adverted to the discovery, nearly about the same time, of paraffine by REICHENBACH, and of petroline by Dr. CHRISTISON. The former occurred among the products of destructive distillation; the latter was found in the Rangoon petroleum, and they were soon found to be identical. REICHENBACH'S researches on naphtha were then quoted, by which it appears, that that indefatigable observer could not discover, in the kind of naphtha which he examined, any trace either of paraffine, or of any other product of destructive distillation. On the contrary, he found, naphtha to possess the characters of oil of turpentine, a product of vegetable life; and he succeeded in obtaining a precisely similar oil from brown coal, by distillation at 212o. The facts had led REICHENBACH to

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