Enhydra, Lour.

1. E. FLUCTUANS, Lour. Fl. Coch. II. 625; DC. Prod. V. 637. (E. Heloncha, DC. Prod. V. 637; Clark. Comp. Ind. 133; E. paludosa, DC. 1. c.; Bth. Fl. Austr. IV. 546; E. longifolia, DC. 1. c.; Hingtsha repens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 448).

HAB. Not unfrequent in swamps and swampy grass-lands of the cultivated plains of Pegu and Arracan, and probably all over the country; also Ava, Bhamo.-Fl. Fr. CS.

Eclipta, L.

1. E. ALBA, Hassk. Pl. Jav. rar. 528; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 65; Bth. Fl. Hongk. 181 and Fl. Austr. IV. 536; Clark. Comp. Ind. 134. (E. erecta, L. Mant. 286; DC. Prod. V. 490; Verbesina alba, L. sp. pl. 1272; E. longifolia, Schrad. ap. DC. Prod. V. 490).

Var. a. ERECTA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 65; Clark. l. c. ; more or less erect and appressed hispid; peduncles elongate, -2 in. long.

Var. B. PROSTRATA, Miq. 1. c. ; Clark 1. c. (E. prostrata, L. Mant. 286; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 438; DC. Prod V. 490; E. parviflora, Wall. in. DC. 1. c. ; E. thermalis, Bung. Enum. Pl. Chin. bor. No. 224; DC. 1. c.; E. procumbens, Michx. Flor. Bor. Amer. II. 129; DC. 1. c. 491; E. brachypoda, Mchx. 1. c. 130; DC. l. c. 491), more or less prostrate, appressed hirsute; flower-heads shortly peduncled.

Var. γ. ZIPPELIANA, Miq. 1. c. ; Clark. 1. c. (E. Zippeliana, Bl. Bydr. 914; DC. Prod. V. 490; E. hirsuta, Bartl. in Linn. XIII. Litt. Ber. 95), erect or spreading, more robust in all parts, spreadingly hirsute; flowerheads shortly petioled.

HAB. Var. a. and B. common in waste and in cultivated lands, along roadsides, ruined pagodas, etc., not only in the leaf-shedding forests, but more so in the cultivated plains, all over Burma, from Chittagong and Ava down to Tenasserim; also on the Andamans (here introduced, but rapidly spreading); var. y. along the banks of the Irawaddi in the Prome District.—Fl. Fr. C. and H. S.

Wedelia, Jacq.
Conspectus of Species.

Some of the outer involucral bracts more leaf-like and longer than the others.

Pappus cup-shaped.

........

Flower-heads on very elongate peduncles, always solitary; leaves oblong to lanceolate, almost sessile or narrowed into a short petiole, W. calendulacea. Flower-heads rather short-peduncled, usually by pairs or few, axillary, terminal and in the fork of the branchings; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, slenderly petioled, W. urticifolia.

Outer involucre-bracts not longer than the inner ones. Pappus none or of 2 or 1 deciduous bristles. Flower-heads longer or shorter peduncled, by 2-3 or few, axillary, terminal, and in the branch-forkings.

Straggling perennial; leaves ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate,
Erect, coarse annual; leaves lanceolate,...

1. W. CALENDULACEA, Less. Syn. 222, non Rich.; DC. Prod. V. 539; Wight Icon. t. 1107; Bth. Fl. Hongk. 182 and Fl. Austr. IV. 537 ; Clark. Comp. Ind. 136. (Verbesina calendulacea, L. sp. pl. 1272; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 440).

HAB. Frequent in the tidal forests and along river-banks as high up as the tidal waves, all along the coast from Chittagong and Arracan down to Tenasserim.-Fl. RS.

2. W. URTICIFOLIA, DC. in Wight Contr. 18 and Prod. V. 539; Wight Icon. t. 1106. Bth. Fl. Austr. IV. 538. (W. biflora, Clark. Comp. Ind. 137. excl. syn. sub. a. ; Verbesina biflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 440,

non L.)

HAB. Prome hills (Wall.).—Fl. Fr. Sept., Oct.

3. W. BIFLORA, DC. in Wight Contr. 18; Bth. Fl. Austr. IV. 539. (Verbesina biflora, L. sp. pl. 1272, non Roxb.; Wollastonia biflora, DC. Prod. V. 546; Wight Icon. t. 1108. Bth. Fl. Hongk. 183 excl. syn. ? ; W. scandens, Clark. Comp. Ind. 136; Verbesina scandens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 401; Wollastonia insularis, DC. Prod. V. 548; Wollastonia Horsfieldiana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 72).

HAB. Frequent in the tidal, and more especially in the beach-forests, all along the coasts from Chittagong down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.-Fl. Fr. o.

*1.

Tithonia, Desf.

T. TAGETIFLORA, Desf. Ann. Mus. I. 46. t. 4; DC. Prod. V. 584; Bot. Reg. t. 591.

HAB. Upper Tenasserim, Attaran (Dr. Brandis), no doubt only an escape from cultivation.

Spilanthes, L.

Conspectus of Species.

Prostrate or ascending, branched; flower-heads solitary in the leaf-axils or in the forks of the branches,

Erect, simple-stemmed; flower-heads panicled,.

..S. Acmella.

S. paniculata.

1. S. ACMELLA, L. Syst. Veg. 610; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 410; DC. Prod. V. 623; Clark. Comp. Ind. 138 excl. var. d.

Var. a. ACMELLA, Clark. 1. c. (Sp. calva Wight Icon. t. 1109), achenes marginate, with the borders bristly-rough, usually crowned by 1 or 2 bristles.

Var. B. CALVA, Clark. I. c. (Sp. calva, DC. in Prod. V. 625 ; S. pseudo-acmella, L. syst. veg. 610;

Wight Contr. 19 ; DC.
DC. 1. c.), achenes not

or scarcely marginate and smooth on the margins; pappus usually obsolete. Var. 7. OLERACEA, Clark. 1. c. (S. oleracea, Jacq. Hort. Vind. II. t.

135; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 410; DC. Prod. V. 524), all parts more robust, the flower-heads more than twice the size and often solitary at the ends of the branchlets.

HAB. Var. a. common in waste and rubbishy places in and around villages, on road-sides, fallow fields, and toungyas, along river-banks, etc., not only in all leaf-shedding forests but more so in the cultivated tracts, up to 3000 ft. elevation.-Fl. Fr. C. and HS.

2. S. PANICULATA, Wall. Cat. 3186; DC. Prod. V. 625. (S. acmella var. S. paniculata, Clark, Comp. Ind. 139).

HAB. Frequent in the mixed forests, and more so as a weed in toungyas, poonzohs, and other cultivated and waste lands in and around villages from Pegu and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim.-Fl. CS.; Fr. C. and

HS.

In my eyes a very distinct species. It is the ein-bee-zat of the Burmese, used for poisoning fish.

Tagetes, L.
Conspectus of Species.

Peduncles elongate and almost cylindrical; involucral bracts plain, .... T. patula. Peduncles elongate, much swollen at the apex; involucral bracts almost angular T. erecta. *1. T. PATULA, L. sp. pl. 1249; DC. Prod. V. 643; Sims. Bot. Mag.

t. 150; Clark. Comp. Ind. 142.

HAB. Frequently cultivated not only by the Burmese but also by the Karens, and often seen springing up in recently abandoned toungyas.-Fl. CS.

*2.

T. ERECTA, L. sp. pl. 1249; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 435; DC. Prod. V. 643; Clark. Comp. Ind. 143.

HAB. With the preceding, but less frequently seen.—Fl. CS.

Chrysanthemum, L.

Conspectus of Species.

Subg. 1. Eu-Chrysanthemum. Achenes of the ray almost triquetrous, the inner nerve produced at the apex into a tooth. Pappus scarcely any.

Flower-heads large, on long terminal or almost terminal peduncles; ray yellow,

.. C. coronarium.

Subg. 2. Pyrethrum. Achenes oblong, irregularly 3-5-cornered. Pappus scarcely any.

Flower-heads numerous, on slender peduncles, in terminal corymbs; rays yellow, or in garden varieties variously (purple to white and orange) coloured, .... C. Indicum. *1. CH. CORONARIUM, L. sp. pl. 1254; DC. Prod. VI. 64; Clark. Comp. Ind. 146. (Ch. Roxburghii, Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. ed. 3. 170; Bot. Mag. t. 1521; DC. Prod. VI. 64; Pyrethrum Indicum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 436; Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 152).

HAB. Much cultivated in native gardens, especially in the drier districts, as Prome; also Ava.-Fl. HS.

*2. CH. INDICUM, L. sp. pl. 1253; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 436; Bot. Reg. t. 1287 and 1502 (fl. plen.); Bot. Mag. t. 2556; Clark. Comp. Ind. 147. (Pyrethrum Indicum, Cass. Doct. XLIV. 149, non. Roxb.; DC. Prod. VI. 62; Chrysanth. tripartitum, Sweet Fl. Gard. t. 193; Ch. Chinese, Sab. in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. IV. 330. t. 14; Pyrethrum Sinense, DC. Prod. VI. 62; Bot. Mag. t. 327 and 2042; Bot. Reg. t. 4. 445 and 616). HAB. Ava, Taongdong (Wall.), probably cultivated.

Artemisia, L.

Conspectus of Species.

Sect. 1. Dracunculus. Flower-heads heterogamous, the ray-florets in a single row and female, the disk-florets bisexual but sterile by abortion of the ovaries.

More or less glabrous, the lower leaves simple, obovate-oblong, toothed at the apex,
..A. parviflora.
Sect. 2. Abrotanum. Flower-heads heterogamous, the ray-florets female, the disk-florets
hermaphrodite all fertile.

Leaves once or twice bipinnatifid, the segments rather broad and elongate, more or less
greyish or silky-villose beneath; flower-heads in large panicles, ...... A. vulgaris.
Leaves twice or thrice bipinnatifid, glabrous, the segments almost filiform, acute;
flower-heads rather large, in loose panicles,
A. carvifolia.

....

1. A. PARVIFLORA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 420; DC. Prod. VI. 100; Clark. Comp. Ind. 159. (A. glabrata, Wall. Cat. 413; DC. Prod. VI. 100; Wight Icon. t. 1111).

HAB. Martaban, on the Nattoung hill (Rev. F. Mason); Ava hills east of Bhamo.

2. A. VULGARIS, L. sp. pl. 1188; Engl. Bot. t. 978; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 420; Fl. Dan. t. VII. t. 1176; Hayne Arzn. Gew. II. 12; DC. Prod. VI. 112; Clark. Comp. Ind. 161. (A. leptostachya, DC. Prod. VI. 113).

Var. a. VULGARIS, Clark. Comp. Ind. 161, leaves beneath white-tomentose, the segments usually sharply serrate and laciniate; young flowerheads often woolly-villous.

Var. B. INDICA, Clark. Comp. 162 (A. Indica, Willd. sp. pl. III. 1846 ; DC. Prod. VI. 114; Wight Icon. t. 1112; A. dubia, Wall. Cat. 3307; DC. 1. c. 110), leaves usually green or greyish and little pubescent; flowerheads lax and remote, adult nearly glabrous, often on short capillary peduncles.

HAB. Var. a. Karenee hills (O'Riley, Rev. F. Mason); Ava, Khakyen hills (J. Anderson); var. ß. Ava, Khakyen hills, Taong-dong, etc.—Fl. Febr.-March.

3. A. CARVIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 422, err. typ. carnifolia; DC. Prod. VI. 119; Clark. Comp. Ind. 162.

Apr.

HAB. Prome, banks of the Irrawaddi near Meaday (R. Scott).-Fl.

Cotula, L.

1. C. ANTHEMOIDES, L. sp. pl. 1256; DC. Prod. VI. 78; Bth. Fl. Hongk. 185; Clark. Comp. 149. (Pleiogyne anthemoides, C. Koch in Bot. Ztg. 1843. col. 40; Pleiogyne cardiosperma, Edg. in Linn. Trans. XX. 71). Var. a. GENUINA, achenes winged.

Var. B. HEMISPHERICA, (Machlis hemispherica, DC. in Deless. Icon. Select. IV. t. 50; and Prod. VI. 140; Artemisia hemispherica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 422; Cotula hemispherica, Wall. Cat. 3236; Clark. Comp. Ind. 150), achenes not winged.

HAB. Var. a. Ava, Irrawaddi valley near Sway-koo; and Khakyen hills east of Bhamo (J. Anderson); var. ß. rather rare on the banks of the Irawaddi in Pegu; Ava, Bhamo (J. Anderson).-Fl. Fr. Jan.-March.

Myriogyne, Less.

1. M. MINUTA, Less. in Linn. VI. 219; DC. Prod. VI. 139; Bth. Fl. Hongk. and Fl. Austr. IV. 553 excl. syn. Lour. (Cotula minuta, Forst. Prod. 301; Centipeda minuta, Bth. ap. Clark. Comp. Ind. 151; Artemisia sternutatoria, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. 423; Dichrocephala Schmidii, Wight Icon. t. 1610; M. Cunninghamii, DC. Prod. VI. 139; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. t. 41; Centipeda Cunninghamii, A. Braun and Aschers. Ind. Hort. Berol. 1867. 6; Centipeda orbicularis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 89, non Lour.; Sphæromorphæa Russeliana, DC. in Deless. Icon. sel. IV. t. 49; DC. Prod. VI. 140; Centipeda minima, A. Braun. and Aschers. in Ind. Hort. Berol. 1867. 6.; Cotula, sp., Griff. Not. Dicot. 237 ?).

HAB. Frequent in fields, fallow or under cultivation, in wastes and rubbishy places, river-banks, &c., all over Burma, from Chittagong and Ava down to Tenasserim; Andamans, now frequent on rice-fields (originally introduced). Fl. Jan.-March; Fr. HS.

Centipeda, Lour.

1. C. ORBICULARIS, Lour. Fl. Coch. II. 602; Clark. Comp. Ind. 151. (Sphæromorphaa? Centipeda, DC. Prod. VI. 140).

HAB. Adjoining provinces of Siam, in dried up marshes near Radbooree (Teysmann).-Fl. HS.

Inula, L.

Conspectus of Species.

× Stems not winged. Villous or villous-pubescent undershrubs.

Bracts of the involucre narrow-linear. Flower-heads corymbose panicled... I. cappa. × × Stems leafy-winged from the decurrent sessile leaves. Densely woolly villous tall annuals.