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advantages of the best help on attention, he gained a rapid and authors, and a most lively and He read and re-read them with

every gleam of returning health, was exhausted in its hot pursuit. It is delightful to see how firmly and surely his father built his hopes upon William. The only anxiety was to hold him in, to moderate his zeal, and preserve his health. Health established, all else was taken for granted. It was the peculiar felicity of the noble Earl, and it shows in a touching manner the feeling of mutual appreciation which existed between him and William, to assure him when only fourteen years old, that he was sure to "make noise enough," if his ardor could be moderated and his health preserved. No word of incitement appears ever to have been needed, but the tone of the father was a continual recognition of William's victorious zeal. He addressed William as a young Alexander, rushing vehemently from one intellectual conquest to another, and about to weep because there were no more worlds to subdue. The tone was playful and exaggerated; but it is impossible not to see that each held, in a peculiar manner, the key which unlocked in the other the deepest recesses of his spiritual nature. As a matter of fact, William's scholarship was never remarkable, unless considered with reference to the difficulties under which it was pursued. It has never been claimed for him that his studies were exactly or critically mastered. His feeble health forbid that his studies should be much more than desultory and occasional. But with the the part of instructors devoted to his familiar acquaintance with classical happy appreciation of their beauties. an active relish, and could quote from memory and at will, with remarkable aptness. The master minds of Greece and of Rome were not introduced to him as to most others, covered with a repulsive crust of grammatical technics, and led by a corpse of fossil professors, whose human juices had all been spent in grubbing for Greek and Latin roots ; but they were made to be sociable and pleasant companions and playfellows. As such he loved and understood them. They pictured nothing more heroic, opulent, or glorious than the British Empire. The highest modes of action, the most splendid developments of those antique. nations, were scarcely equal to what was seen around him from day to day. Neither Tully nor Cato was a grander character than Chatham, nor did Cæsar himself handle the reins of empire with a more masterly touch. Familiar as he made himself, charmed as he was with the Greek and Latin classics, they introduced to him no characters, nor scarcely a degree of artistic or literary polish, superior to what might have been daily enjoyed at his father's table. He is also said to have made good progress in his mathematical studies. He took his degree of Master of Arts when seventeen years old, and was called, or as we say, admitted to the Bar at the age of twenty-one. His father was a new man in the nobility, and in his pecuniary condition not beyond the necessity of close economy. William, therefore, was to enter upon his career armed with the means of success in a powerful and lucrative profession. History does not inform us that his father bestowed any unusual personal attention on his education. But we know the father and we know the son, and from this knowledge, we may see the whole story traced as with a pencil of light. By far the most important part

of William's education was in the example, the associations, and the conversation of his father. It needs no historian to tell us those lessons. What priceless criticisms upon the characters of famous men, both ancient and modern! What familiar and affectionate remonstrances and warnings against those foibles and errors which diminish the weight of character, and lead astray from the paths of glory! In what sportive mood does the old Earl induct the eager youth into those oratorical arts, and train his voice to those master strains, which had rendered himself the most famous orators of modern times! It was a study for a painter to exhibit the great Earl, whose towering and imperious nature had marked the age in which he lived, teaching this sickly but zealous young man how to replace him in the face of Europe. He lived to see the health of William take a favorable turn and become established, and thus to see stretching on before him a broad track of light; and then his countenance was changed, and he was called away. Two years before William's admission to the Bar, his father died. We are told but little of the effect of his death upon William, nor need we be told. He was alone. A great memory swelled his heart; a benignant and gigantic shadow beckoned him. Sickness, and sorrow, and a great purpose had made him old before his time a man who had seen no youth, and who had never known the feelings or the pleasures of a boy.

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From the time he received his degree until his election to Parliament, he was much in London. It was there he fell in with many young men of spirit, who become the friends or opponents of his riper years. It was here he formed his friendship with young Wilberforce, then a fashionable young man about town, making free with his grandfather's fortune; a singer, a wit, and a coxcomb, whose volatile genius and purposeless life formed the natural antithesis and complement of the character of Pitt, but who, in subsequent years, was able on several occasions to pour his impulses upon the British public in a tide of eloquence, and rally, to the support of Pitt, important aid. Their friendship was close and ardent, and lasted through life. It was here that Pitt rallied his first circle of friends, and planted in many a generous heart the seeds of that deep love and admiration, which, in the subsequent dangers of his career, surrounded and upheld him with loyal friendships. How far he shared in the dissipations and debaucheries then fashionable in the metropolis, is now only a matter of inference, and those inferences are in his favor. The only vice to which he is known to have been subject, was that generous vice of good-fellowship- the love of wine. Neither his fortune nor his ambition favored expensive or degrading associations. He was a frequent spectator of the debates in Parliament; where, eager to decorate his brow with laurels, and conscious of ability, he snuffed up the sound of battle. It was his habit, whenever he heard a speech of merit, to consider to himself in what particulars it could be improved in manner or matter, and how, if he were on the other side, he could most successfully refute it.

The famous orators of antiquity prepared their orations with the utmost premeditation and labor; and lest some occasion should take them by surprise, they kept on hand a great variety of elaborate exordiums,

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and perorations and striking passages, ready to be interwoven with an impromptu discussion of any subject. The occasions on which they were to speak, were generally known for a considerable period beforehand. They studied and rehearsed their parts with an intensity of exertion only limited by their powers of mental and physical endurance. Instead of deeming it worthy of their ambition to gain credit for spontaneous volubility, they did, on many occasions, transplant entire passages from old orations to new ones, to be delivered before the same audience, a practice not indulged by any modern orator except Webster. But this was not the kind of display adapted to the British Parliament. The field to which Pitt looked was one, not precluding the idea of preparation on important occasions, which nevertheless required tact, dexterity, and promptness; and where high success could not be won without ability to put forth strength on the instant. It was for the sudden emergencies of debate that Pitt prepared himself, not by writing out exordiums and perorations, but by first imagining himself in the place of each distinguished speaker, and then in that of his antagonist. His natural disposition was ingenuous. He had no love for money. His heart was hot with patriotic zeal, and mightily stored with the exalted conception he had been able to form of a truly great and famous career.

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ON BEING SHOWN, AFTER A STORM, BY A LADY, TWO ACORNS ATTACHED TO ONE STEM.

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MOHAMMED'S FLAG.

BY B RUSH PLOMLY

⚫THE sacred standard of MOHAMMED is only displayed in great national emergencies.'

FLING out the Flag! far outward fling

O'er Stamboul's sacred walls!
Let the world see the standard swing,
And hear the sabre's ancient ring,
And many a fight and fearful thing,
Ere Islam's glory falls!

Fling out the Flag! the Turk awakes
From his siesta deep:

The north-wind o'er his slumber breaks

The Russian BEAR the sleeper shakes:
It is not death, but sleep.

Call up the heroes of the past,

Of OTHMAN'S royal name!

The turbaned hosts are trooping fast
To the great combat, and the last-
The triumph, or the shame.
With a fierce joy the Moslem come
To the dread sport of war;
The nations, at their 'larum-drum,
Shake to their centres far:
Beneath the Crescent's blazing arch,
On the old Flag unfurled,

That drum-roll of the Moslem march
Shall echo through the world!

The Arabs on the Lybian sands

Halt, as the sound sweeps by,

And summon up their Bedouin bands
To Islam's battle-cry.

Along the Himmalayan peaks,

As the dread echoes roll,

The Prophet from the mountain speaks,

And stirs the Persian's soul

To leave the ancient feud, and bring

The valiant Sons of Fire

Where the great Flag the Moslem fling
From Stamboul's sacred spire.

Booming above the ocean-waves,
Lone exiles catch the sound,
And issuing from their living graves,
Amid the nations round,

Throng to the victory or death,
In Freedom's glorious work;
Marshalled for their last fight, beneath
The standard of the Turk.
Encamped, four centuries' he lay

On Europe's conquered strand;
Four centuries hath kept at bay
The foeman of his land:

Thus bravely shall the Moslem stay
Where Islam's altars stand:

Triumphant still, through blood and fire,

Around his sacred flag expire;

Or, swathed in blood and flame, retire,
Retreating, sword in hand.

LITERARY NOTICES.

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THE PHYSIOLOGY OF TASTE: OR TRANSCENDENTAL GASTRONOMY. BY BRILLAT SAVARIN. Translated from the last Paris edition, by FAYETTE ROBINSON. In one volume: pp. 347. Philadelphia: LINDSAY AND BLAKISTON.

SANDERSON, the witty and lamented author of 'The American in Paris,' mentions calling upon a celebrated chef de cuisine in Paris one morning, being minded to have prepared a very recherché dinner for a small and select party of friends. After some delay, he was informed that the renowned 'chef' could not be seen: 'Il compose,' said the servant, with an air of dignity corresponding with the high employment of his master. As our old and pleasant correspondent left the door, he saw a stately person, with folded arms, and a white paper-cap upon his head, walking in an adjoining garden. It was the chef,' composing' a new dish, or sauce, that was that very day to burst upon Paris. SAVARIN is the 'æsthetical,' the 'transcendental,' the 'orphic,' the 'spiritual' representative of this eminent cook. Of his 'Physiologie de Goût' we had 'by parcels something heard,' before we met the present rendering of our accomplished American translator; and it will now become current among all gourmets and gastronomical bon-vivants. It is a curious circumstance, of which, until now, we were ignorant, that during the 'reign of terror,' SAVARIN was a political exile in America, and that he taught the French language in Boston, Hartford, New-York, Philadelphia, etc., and at one period was 'first-fiddle' in the orchestra of the old Park-Theatre. But leaving the reader to peruse the volume in its entirety,' we proceed to present a few of the 'Professor's' aphorisms, touching upon his great subject and its various and multitudinous divisions. Let us begin with his own impressions of his 'great argument;' promising that we segregate, in our collocation, a few of his thoughts under the heads of 'Gastronomy' and 'Gourmandise :'

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'GASTRONOMY Sustains us from the cradle to the grave; increases the gratification of love and the confidence of friendship; disarms hatred, and offers us, in the short passage of our lives, the only pleasure which, not being followed by fatigue, makes us weary of all others. It considers taste in its pleasures and in its pains. It has discovered the gradual excitements of which it is susceptible; it regularizes its action, and has fixed limits, which a man who respects himself will never pass. It considers the action of food or aliments on the moral of man, on his imagination, his mind, his judgment, his courage, and his perceptions, whether he is awake, sleeps, acts, or reposes. It determines the degree of esculence of every alimentary subject; classifies all substances according to their qualities, and indicates those which will mingle, and measur ing the quantity of nourishment they contain, distinguishes those which should make the basis of our repast from those which are only accessories, and others which, although not necessary, are an agreeable relief, and become the obligato accompaniment

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