Theory of Numbers, Prof. R. D. Carmichael, 473 Economic Geology, 519; Bureau of Standards, Chemical Units: Micromillimetres and Micromicrons, Dr. J. W. Upper Air, 96 Uranium Minerals of Madagascar, C. Grossmann, 469 Vaccination Question, Dr. C. K. Millard, 170 Van Nostrand's Chemical Annual, 1913, Prof. J. C. Olsen, Vector Analysis as used in Physics, a Central Thought of, Vegetable Tannins, Dr. J. Dekker, 499 Verruga Peruana, C. H. T. Townsend, 706 Therapy, I. K., and Tuberculosis, Dr. W. E. M. Arm- Vertical Circle Observations in U.S. Naval Observatory, 66 Thermal Conductivity, T. Barratt, 440 Thinking Animals, 426 Thymol Supply, 542 Tidal Friction and Ice Ages, C. E. P. Brooks; Prof. A. E. H. Love, 254 Time Determinations, C. Puente, 709 Tin Prospecting in Malaya, W. B. Middleton, 719 Transformisme, Prof. J. L. de Lanessan, A. E. Crawley, Transit of Mercury, 257, 432 Transmission Line Formulas, H. B. Dwight, Prof. Robert- son, 142 Transpiration in Plants, Dr. H. H. Dixon, 558 Transylvania, Turbine Liner, 291 : Trees Artificial Production of Vigorous Trees, Prof. A. Trenching Ground and Spraying Potatoes, S. Pickering, 672 Trinitrotoluene in the War, 620 Trout or Charrs of New England, 428 Tsetse Flies and Big Game, R. W. Jack, 399 with Tuberculin, Dr. Noel D. Bardswell, Prof. R. T. Tunneling, D. W. Brunton and J. A. Davis, 476 Typhus in Armies, A. Laveran, 357 Ultra-Violet: Absorbing Powers of Flowers, G. Michaud, 559 Victoria, British Association in, Dr. T. S. Hall, 147 Viscosity of Liquids, Dr. A. E. Dunstan and F. B. Thole, 113 Vision, Theory of, Dr. Edridge-Green, 345 Vital Statistics, J. Burn, 665 Vitalism, Prof. H. Driesch, 303; Dr. J. Johnstone, 303 Volcanoes: Eruption of Ambrym, December, 1913, A. Walnut Hybrids in California, 683 British Industries Supply Committee, 5; Supply of Pit- April 15, 1915. Dr. C. R. Crymble killed in action, 427; Chemicals, Glass, Dyestuffs, 431; High Explosives in Warfare, W. Macnab, 453 Science in Warfare, 455; London and University Refugees, 461; Oil of Vitriol as Agent of "Culture," 472; Prof. Otto Sackur blown up in Laboratory, 486; Cattle and Alcohol Reports, Paris Academy, 486; "Above the Battlefield," R. Rolland, 487; Agriculture and the War, 491; News of Scientists, 513; War and the Race, 544; The War, (Editorial), 527; Manufacture of Dyestuffs, Prof. W. M. Gardner, 555, 700; Paris Academy of Sciences, 572; Mathematics in Artillery Science, Sir G. Greenhill, 573; Chemical Glassware, 580; Trinitrotoluene, 620; Typhoid, 620, 647: Astronomers, 622; War and Weather, Prof. R. de C. Ward, 625; Metals and War, 647; Soldier's Ration, A. Gautier, 663 Warble-fly Maggots, 181 Water: Microscopy of Drinking Water, Prof. G. C. Whipple, 33; Supply in Kansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico, 68; Metropolitan Supply, Prof. R. T. Hewlett, 99; Methods of Examination, Prof. O. Emmerling, 225; Bacteriological Examination, Dr. W. G. Savage, Prof. Hewlett, 276; Australian Wells, 292; Vocabulary for the Army, 372; Water Supply to Armies, F. Bordas and M. Brocq, 441; Principles of Irrigation Practice, Dr. J. A. Widtsoe, 560; Venturi Water Meter, MM. Camichel, Eydoux, and Lhériaud, 581 Waterproofing, Military, G. A. Le Roy, 329 Waterways, Artificial, of the World, A. B. Hepburn, 697 West Indies and Canada, 37 Wine, Deteriorative Changes, H. T. Brown, C. Simmonds, 336 Wireless Telegraphy, W. H. Marchant, Prof. D. Robertson, 142; Wireless, Prof. Argentieri's "Pocket System," 182, 371; Wireless Signalling for Shipping in War Time, A. Bowman, 281; Function of the Earth in Radio-telegraphy, Dr. J. A. Fleming, 320; Quantitative Experiments, L. W. Austin, 489; Text-book, Prof. R. Stanley, 500; Handbook, A. B. Rolfe-Martin, 500; Electromagnetic Theory, O. Heaviside, 557 Wireless Telephony, Capt. Colin and Lieut. Jeance, 452 Woburn Fruit Farm, Duke of Bedford and S. Pickering, 628 Wolf-note in Stringed Instruments, G. W. White, 719 Wolf-Rayet Stars and Planetary Nebulæ, 626; Red Region in Wolf-Rayet Stars, J. Bosler, 653 Wood: Function of Cells in Ascent of Sap, Prof. Dixon and Miss E. S. Marshall, 525 Wookey Hole, H. E. Balch, Prof. A. Keith, 395 Wool, Clothworkers' Company Report for Leeds University, 524 World of Life, Dr. A. Russel Wallace, 182 X-Rays: Asymmetric "Diffraction " and "Re-Diffraction of X-Radiation, I. G. Rankin and W. F. D. Chambers, 116; X-Ray Spectrometer, 199; X-Rays for Localising Foreign Bodies in Tissues, M. Colardeau, 489; X-Rays for Examining Wounded, M. Ménard, 663; Problems of Radiation, Prof. Barkla, 671 Year-Book of Scientific Societies of Great Britain, 432 Monads, or Zodiacal Light, Kr. Birkeland, 82; 685 General: British Association Address, Progressive Evolu- Invertebrate: Papers, 66; Sex Determination in the Gallfly, Dr. L. Doncaster, 115; Senses of Invertebrates, Dr. G. Kafka, 168; Fauna of British India: Acridiidæ, W. F. Kirby, 419; Regeneration of Legs of Decapods, J. H. Paul, 608; Plumularian Hydroid Zoophyte with nearly Yolkless Egg, 707 Vertebrate: Comparative Microscopic Anatomy, Dr. Oppel, Dr. Franz, Dr. W. Stendell, 252; Catalogue of Ungulate Mammals in the British Museum, R. Lydekker, G. Blaine, 363; a Distinctive Character of Bufo, G. E. Nicholls, 420 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, BRUNSWICK STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S. E., AND BUNGAY, SUFFOLK. THE HE scope of the volume before us is well indicated by its title. Mr. Bond, indeed, keeps us from first to last in the open air observing the habits of the birds and discovering the secrets of their nests. Now the author is at home in the south-east of England, now he visits wellloved haunts in Wales; or, again, he wanders further afield-to the wild coast of Ireland, to the fastnesses of the Central Highlands, or to the moors of Orkney. It is evident that Mr. Bond writes about no mere holiday excursions, but that he has been able to give much time to field ornithology, and has travelled far and wide throughout our islands in its pursuit. The birds which have been chosen for treatment do not all in like degree deserve the title "rare." A few, indeed, are merely rather restricted in their distribution-either from natural cause. or owing to human persecution. But although the needless destruction of many of our most interesting birds comes in for just censure, there is a brighter side to the picture: the golden eagle is well protected in Scotland, our buzzard population is estimated at more than four hundred and find a bird-book that is able to stand on the merits of text alone. But at the same time we become more exacting as to literary form, and therein discover our author's failing. The extraordinary number of parenthetical and other interpolated clauses gives a disjointed and inconsequent effect to a style already loose. One has the impression, indeed, that a horde of new details has been added at the last moment without any attempt at recasting the sentences. This is a grave fault, for it does much to mar the reader's pleasure while constantly "side-tracking" his interest. Nevertheless, Mr. Bond has much to tell that few know, but that many will gladly learn. SCIENCE AND THE FARMER. (1) A Pilgrimage of British Farming, 1910-1912. By A. D. Hall. Reprinted by permission from the Times. Pp. xiii +452. (London: John Murray, 1913.) Price 5s. net. (2) Soils and Crops; With Soils Treated in Re- (3) Manures and Fertilisers. By Prof. H. J. O see himself as others see him" is fifty pairs; the raven and the peregrine hold their (1) "T nowadays very much the fate of the own in the remoter districts; the hobby is more numerous than is generally supposed; the decrease of the chough is not attributed to human agencies; while the gadwall is an addition to our native avifauna. In these days of nature photography, very excellent in its way, it is something of a relief to man who lives in the country and gets his living by agriculture. He has only to open his morning paper to find some speech or article by some prominent person setting forth the good or bad conditions under which he and his labourers live, and propounding some remedy for the evils described. Probably more has been written about the country during the last twelve months than about the cities, and there still continues a steady outpour of material describing the state of British agriculture in general, and the conditions of life in the country in particular. It appears, therefore, that the city dweller is much interested in the subject, and apparently much of what is written appeals to him or the shrewd publisher would not publish it. The drawback of a good deal of it is, unfortunately, that the countryman rarely recognises the descriptions, and is driven to wonder how they ever came to be written. Mr. Hall's book stands out in sharp contrast with all this; it is written by one who knows what he is talking about, and presents a very faithful picture of British agriculture and rural conditions. The tour covered practically all the good farming districts of Great Britain and Ireland, and it brings out the high specialisation which is now becoming so characteristic of British farming. Some farms indeed can only be compared with factories, so closely specialised is the work, and so intense the production. It is not too much to say that no account has yet been printed which gives so good a description of the farming of this country, and it was a very happy inspiration indeed that led Mr. Hall and his two companions, Mr. Beaven and Prof. Wood, to go round the country in a car and put on record what was seen. The last tour of the sort was conducted by Caird in 1850-51 and a comparison of the two books shows very clearly that enormous strides have been made since that date. The economic conditions have altered considerably, but the farmer has succeeded in adapting himself to them, and has developed a system which enables him to produce a great amount of material from his land at a reasonable profit to himself. Of course, the picture is not uniformly bright; losses still go on on the farm that ought to be checked; farmers generally cannot obtain credit and are often indebted to dealers, so that they are unable to make any complaint when unsatisfactory goods are supplied, or to take advantage of the Acts of Parliament which have been passed for their benefit; there is much room for cooperation. The labourer, too, is not so well off as he might be. He is, of course, in a much better position than is commonly made out, and he can always, if he wants, move off to the Colonies and set up farming on his own account. In general, however, he is at least as well off as the labourer in the town. Again, the system of rural education is not well adapted to the needs of the rural community. Fortunately, however, in all these directions serious efforts are being made for improve ment, and we can look forward with confidence to the future. It is impossible in a short space to discuss the various facts that Mr. Hall has recorded; perhaps the most characteristic feature noted is the close association of sheep with British farming systems the way in which crops are grown simply for sheep to eat on the land so that the soil may be fertilised and compacted without having recourse to implements. It is quite a common thing to grow one or two fodder crops to be consumed in this manner, and to follow these with corn crops. Thus the food materials purchased for sheep help to fertilise the soil and also to keep up the supply of organic matter. It is much less common to find the farmer depending entirely on artificial manures. The tendency to specialisation in agricultural production brings into prominence the difficulties inherent in dealing with crops, soil fertility, diseases, etc.; it makes the farmer more observant and more ready to seek scientific assistance. The skilled hop grower is far more interested in the life-history of the aphis or the mildew than is the small general farmer in any account of the rust of wheat. With specialisation in agriculture, therefore, comes the opportunity to the man of science; it thus tends to bring about much closer cooperation between the agricultural and scientific adviser than was possible some years ago. (2) The second book on our list was written by Dean Hunt and Prof. Burkett and deals with the special conditions of the United States; it is an attempt to bring into. one volume sufficient material for pupils between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. It deals not only with soils and manures, but also with crops, including maize, oats, wheat, barley, and a variety of others, while chapters are added on the insect pests and diseases, and on the methods of improvement of crops. Both the authors have had very great experience in teaching; Dean Hunt, now of California, saw service at the State College, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere, whilst Prof. Burkett is well known as the editor of the American Agriculturist, and was also director of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. The arrangement is in some respects novel; the first chapter deals with food required to grow plants and includes accounts of salt, sugar, starch, fat, protein, besides the usual potassium salts, phosphates, and nitrogen compounds. Then the student passes on to a study of the different types of soil, and the characteristics of soils and fertilisers. As is usual in American books a liberal use is made of illustrations, whilst there is a good supply of practical exer |