A.D. 1540. Cranmer. (3) Matthew's Bible, partly printed in Paris, was pub- HENRY VIII. lished in 1537. It was edited by John A.D. 1537. Rogers, the first Protestant martyr in Mary's reign, who assumed the name of Matthew, probably to escape persecution. The translation is taken partly from Tyndale and partly from Coverdale. This Bible was revised and reprinted next year, and soon after many of the copies were bought up and burnt. (4) Cranmer's Great Bible appeared in 1540. It was a corrected edition of Matthew's Bible, and obtained Cranmer's name because he wrote a preface to it. This Bible had the royal sanction, and every parish was bound, under heavy penalties, to provide a copy to be set up in the Church, so that all might come and read. The Romanist party subsequently prevailed upon the king to prohibit the reading of the Bible, except by the higher classes, on the plea of the inaccuracies of the translation; and accordingly in 1543 it was suppressed. But the interdict was too late. The people had already read enough to know that the true reason why the Scriptures were to be locked up was their testimony against the errors of popery. The "authorised English version" of the Bible at present in use was published in the year 1611. Formularies of Faith. A.D. 1536. } 50. Besides the setting up in Churches of the Bible and the commentary of Erasmus, other books of religious instruction were put forth on authority in Henry's reign. In the year 1536, convocation impressed its What is printed? What revisions has the translation since undergone? Paul III. HENRY VIII. sanction upon the "Ten Articles," entited Articles devised Cranmer. by the King's Highness Majesty to stablish Christian quietness and unity amongst us. These were probably compiled by Cranmer, though ostensibly emanating from the crown. Five of the Articles related to doctrines, and five to ceremonies. The former were (1) That Holy Scriptures and the three creeds are the basis and summary of a true Christian faith. (2) That baptism is absolutely necessary, as well to children as adults. (3) That penance consists of contrition, confession, and reformation, and is necessary to salvation. (4) That the body and blood of Christ are really present in the elements at the Eucharist. (5) That justification is remission of sin and reconciliation to God, by the merits of Christ; but good works are necessary, The latter were— (1) That images are useful as remembrancers, but are not objects of worship. (2) That saints are to be honoured as examples of life, and as furthering our prayers. (3) That saints may be invoked as intercessors, and their holydays observed. (4) That ceremonies are to be observed for the sake of their mystical signification, and as conducive to devotion, (5) That prayers for the dead are good and useful; but the efficacy of papal pardon, and of soul masses offered at particular localities, is negatived. Upon the preceding Articles was founded the Institution of a Christian Man, commonly known as The Bishops' Book, from its having come forth with the sanction of all were published by authority under Henry VIII. Give a short account of "The Bishops' Book." Show from it that the principles of the Reformation had made some progress. Did The King's Book" indicate progress or re Cranmer. the prelates, which was published A.D. 1537. HENRY VIII. A.D. 1537. It consisted of an exposition of the Apostles' creed, the seven sacraments, (matrimony, baptism, confirmation, penance, the Lord's supper, holy orders, and extreme unction,) the Paternoster, and the Ave Maria ; in addition to this the Articles on justification and purgatory were set forth at the end, the others having been inserted in the body of the work under their respective heads. The doctrinal errors of Rome were for the most part retained in the Bishops' Book, and yet it was clear that the Reformers had done something. The corruption of man was strongly asserted; consequently the virtues of a redemption were vindicated, and placed in a position from which the dogma of merit had depressed them: and superstitious attention to trifles of ceremonial, and the dishonest substitution in sermons of fables and inventions of men for the Scriptures, were rebuked. This may be regarded as the culminating point of the Reformation during Henry's reign; for the next work on authority, the Necessary Erudition of a Christian Man, commonly called the King's Book, A.D. 1543. published in 1543, indicated a retrograde movement. It was a revised edition of the Bishops' Book, with additional articles touching free-will, good works, justification, predestination, purgatory, &c. Upon the reading of Scripture, the depravity of our nature, the propitiatory sufferings of Christ, the celibacy of the clergy, and the use of images, there is evidently a declension in the principles of the Reformation. This is accounted for by the fact that Gardiner was now in power, and the “Six Articles" in operation. Besides the foregoing publications, several trogression? How do you account for this? What was "The King's Primer?' When did the latest edition appear, and what was there remarkable in it? Paul III. HENRY VIII. editions of The King's Primer were issued in this reign. Cranmer. It was a collection of prayers and devotions, with expository and instructive matter, intended for all ages, but more especially for the young. The latest edition appeared in 1545, and was remarkable for several omisA.D. 1545. sions which showed jealousy on the king's part of the doctrines of the Reformation. For instance, in the latest edition, the Roman mode of uniting the first and second commandments, and omitting the greater part of the second, was restored; whereas in a former edition the second commandment was distinguished from the first and recited at length. Death of A.D. 1547. 51. Henry VIII. died on the 28th o January, 1547, in the 56th year of his age, and the 38th year of his reign. On his death-bed, at his own request, he received the consolations of religion from Cranmer. During the whole of his reign the Church remained in appearance Romish. Excepting the litany in English,* he left the ritual very much as he found it, as he did nearly the whole framework of religious belief. He, however, was, humanly speaking, the instrument whereby the three great barriers to improvement, the papacy, monasticism, and *The translation was made in | the year 1544, by Cranmer, at the king's desire, and ordered to be said or sung in the Churches. It very much resembled that now in use, except that it contained an invocation to the Virgin and Saints to pray for us, and in the prayer for deliverance from conspiracy were these words"From the tyrany of the Bishop of Rome and all his abominable enormities." (See par. 59.) 51. Give the date of the death of Henry VIII. From whom did he receive the consolations of religion upon his death-bed? [Note] When, and by whom, was the litany translated into English? In what did it differ from that now in use? Give a short account of the progress of the principles of Cranmer. spiritual ignorance, were broken down. To say nothing of HENRY VIII. anti-Romish works by unauthorized polemics, the course of national events, during Henry's latter years, prepared the country for that Reformation which it subsequently fully embraced. Even the "Six Articles," and other ebullitions of papal intolerance, had this tendency, by irritating the reforming party, and rendering its opponents additionally odious. Henry himself, however, was only an unintentional pioneer of the Reformation. The dissemination of the Bible in the vulgar tongue, aided by the passions and arbitrary character of the king, may in some measure account for the facility with which the pope's authority was overthrown. But at Henry's death, there was not unanimity even among the Reformers themselves. The seven sacraments, transubstantiation, communion in one kind, auricular confession, the celibacy of the clergy, and other ancient forms, which were still retained in the church, formed subjects of controversy among the advocates of the Reformation. Accession of Edward V1. CHAPTER IV. THE REIGN OF EDWARD VI. 52. Edward VI., Henry's son by his EDWARD VI. third wife, Lady Jane Seymour, was born on the 12th of October, 1547, and suc the Reformation during Henry's reign. What were the chief subjects of controversy among those favourable to the Reformation at the death of Henry VIII.? 52. Give the date of the accession of Edward VI. Account for his |