EDWARD VI. Cranmer. Death of Julius 111. Edward. 67. Scarcely was the finishing stroke put to the doctrinal fabric of our Reformed Church by the royal signature, when the king who had taken so deep an interest in its progress was called away. Edward's constitution began to decline towards the close of 1552. During his last illness Ridley preached before him on charity and good deeds; and in accordance with that prelate's recommendation he endowed St. Bartholomew's Hospital for the sick, Christ's Hospital for the education of the poor, and Bridewell for the punishment of the idle. Having completed the political arrangements which proposed to supersede the Lady Mary by his cousin Lady Jane Grey, Northumberland's daughter-in-law, the young king breathed his last, on the 6th of July, 1553, A.D. 1553. * See par. 60. Whom did that What charge did he 67. Name some of the endowments of Edward VI. monarch name as his successor, and when did he die? leave to his successors? Did any one suffer death for religious opinions in his reign ? prisonment and deprivation, as in those of Bonner and EDWARD VI. Gardiner, the parties were proceeded against on political, rather than on religious grounds. Cranmer. Julius III. CHAPTER V. THE REIGN OF MARY. MARY. Accession of Mary. 68. An attempt to place Lady Jane Grey Julius III. upon the throne at Edward's death was productive only of individual misery and increased stability to the crown of Mary. The day of Mary's accession was of one gloomy presage to all who desired the permanence of what had been accomplished; but she allayed rising apprehensions by assuring the magistracy of London, (as she had before assured the men of Suffolk,) that she would force no one's religion. This assurance, however, had scarcely passed her lips, when it became evident that she would not rest until Romanism had been re-established. The deposed prelates were liberated and restored to their sees and a tumult at St. Paul's against 68. What assurance upon the subject of religion did Mary give upon her accession to the throne? Mention some of her earlier acts contrary to the principle of that assurance. What steps were taken against Cranmer ? MARY. Julius 111. Bonner, caused by a sermon there in eulogy of him, afforded an excuse for the prohibition of preaching without licenses under the great seal, followed by a proclamation that “her Majesty could not now hide that religion which God and the world knew she had ever professed since her infancy.” Gardiner, again Bishop of Winchester, was made Lord Chancellor; and Northumberland died on the scaffold, abjuring his former faith with most abject hypocrisy. Several bishops were expelled from their sees, and replaced by others constituted by the pope. Before another month had elapsed Ridley, Hooper, Latimer, Cox, Rogers, Bradford, Judge Hales, Chief Justice Montague, and others, were in confinement for preaching without a license, declaring Edward's laws to be still in force, and general encouragement of the Reformation. Cranmer,* too, was ordered to keep his house, and hold himself in readiness to answer the summons of the council: he was soon afterwards committed to the tower for a declaration in writing against Mary's proceedings, as also for his participation in Lady Jane Grey's attempt, and so commenced an imprisonment from which no discharge awaited him save through the flames of martyrdom. The foreigners who had established themselves in this country were dismissed; and numbers of the English clergy fled beyond the sea, to enjoy in other countries that liberty of conscience which they could no longer hope for in their own. Mary was crowned in Westminster Abbey by * Cranmer, when entreated to flee to the continent, nobly declined, observing "it would be no ways fitting for him to go away, considering the post in which he was. " *[Note.] What was Cranmer's reply when advised to flee to the continent? When, and by whom, was Mary crowned? Was any illegal religious ceremony celebrated upon the occasion. A.D. 1553. Gardiner and ten other bishops on the 1st. of though still illegal, was celebrated. Parliamentary } 69. Four days after the queen's coronation parliament met, and its opening was distinguished by the same irregu→ larity which had occurred at the coronation, namely, the celebration of mass. This compliant assembly affirmed the queen's legitimacy, repealed all Edward's laws as to religion, and restored the Romish service. An equally partial convocation denounced the Articles and Prayer-book as "pestiferous and abominable;" and re-established transubstantiation, after a discussion in which the arguments of six representatives of the Reformation were cut short by the declaration of Dr. Weston, the prolocutor, that "you have the word, but we have the sword." Thus, at the close of the year that witnessed Mary's accession, the essentials of Romanism were re-established throughout her dominions, and everything foreboded a fearful trial of their constancy to those who should offer any opposition to the dictates of royal authority. Persecution- with Rome. 70. For the first year of Mary's reign, although decisive steps were taken for the restoration of Romanism, and deprivation and imprisonment awaited the opponents of the mass, there were none of those horrible scenes which disgraced her later years. It was not until after the con MARY. Julius III. 69. What irregularity distinguished the opening of parliament after Queen Mary's coronation? Mention the steps taken to check the Reformation at the beginning of Mary's reign (1) by parliament and (2) by convocation. 70. Was the first year of Mary's reign disgraced by any of those horrible scenes which are now connected with her name? When was the queen married, and what was the immediate consequence of her marriage? What MARY. Julius III. clusion of the Spanish match that the curtain was drawn aside and the tragedy displayed. In July, A.D. 1554. 1554, the queen was married to Philip of Spain, and an insurrection, under Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Duke of Suffolk, ensued, for the match was distasteful to the nation. Many of the nobility were compromised in this insurrection, and numbers of them, including Wyatt and Suffolk, forfeited their lives. Lady Jane Grey and her husband were also executed; and even the princess Elizabeth was arrested on suspicion of being concerned in the late rising. Strengthened by the discomfiture of rebellion, Mary commenced the severest proceedings against the favourers of the Reformation. A new parliament was summoned, and orders were issued to sheriffs to take care that such only were chosen to serve in it as were of the "wise, grave, and Catholic sort." Having secured a parliament to her mind, Mary received Cardinal Pole, who was appointed papal legate, with great respect; and parliament sought and obtained the pope's absolution to the English nation for the schism of which it had been guilty. All statutes passed against the Roman see were abrogated, and the title "Supreme Head of the Church" was disowned, as having never of right belonged to the crown. The marriage of the clergy was an object of *Upon his arrival, Pole occu- | pied Lambeth Palace, though not formally placed in the see of Canterbury until after Cranmer's martyrdom. The reconciliation with Rome was celebrated by a grand reli gious procession on the 25th of January, (St. Andrew's day), 1555, which was ordered to be kept as an anniversary under the name of "The Feast of the Reconciliation." orders were issued upon the subject of a new parliament? Mention some of the proceedings of the new parliament. t[Note.] How was the reconciliation with Rome celebrated? What steps were taken with regard to the bishops |