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Bancroft.
Paul V.

JAMES I. the Oath of Allegiance was framed, which, without burdening the conscience with the spiritual supremacy, required an abjuration of that "damnable doctrine and position, as impious and heretical, that princes excommunicated or deprived by the pope may be deposed or murdered by their subjects." Pope Paul V. declared that this oath could not be taken "without the most evident and grievous injury to Almighty God."

Authorized Version
of the Bible.

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92. A new translation of the Bible was resolved on at the Hampton Court Conference; and in the year A.D. 1607, forty-seven learned divines, A.D. 1607. in obedience to a royal mandate issued in 1604, commenced the work. They met at Westminster, Oxford, and Cambridge, and were divided into six classes, to each of which a particular portion of the Sacred Volume was assigned, the translation being completed by every individual separately, and then subjected to revision in common. Every book on completion was sent to each of the other classes, and the whole was finally revised by learned men not engaged in the translation. The work thus executed constitutes our present authorised English

A.D. 1611.

version of the Bible. It was published in 1611, with a dedication to King James, and a learned preface written by Miles Smith, afterwards Bishop of Gloucester.

Synod of
Dort.

93. In the reign of James, religious dissensions broke out amongst the Dutch, in

consequence of what were deemed the schis

92. Give an account of the translation of the authorized version of the Bible. In what year was it published?

93. What disputes disturbed the peace of the Dutch Protestants in the

Bancroft.
Paul V.

matical proceedings of their theological professor at Leyden, JAMES I. James Arminius, who considered election, so far as it respected individuals, to be altogether contingent upon human conduct, and divine grace to be neither irresistible when offered, nor indefectible when possessed. With the view of settling these disputes between the Arminians and the Calvinists, the Synod of Dordrecht, or Dort, was convened in 1619, the king sending four divines to represent the English Church. The Calvinistic party prevailed, and it was determined

A.D. 1619.

(1) That election is an absolute and irreversible decree of God to save a certain portion of the human race, while the rest are left to perish in their sins.

(2) That the sacrifice of Christ is sufficient for the whole world, but efficient only for the elect.

(3) That the human will, faculties, and affections are wholly de"praved, and naturally incapable of originating any spiritual act. (4) That the saving grace of the Holy Spirit is infallibly efficacious in the elect.

(5) That all such elect persons, freed from the dominion, though not from the power, of sin, shall be certainly preserved. These propositions formed the subject of the Quinquarticular Controversy, which has not even yet termi

nated.

Archbishop
Laud.

CHARLES I.

Laud.

94. James I. died at Theobalds, March 27, 1625, and was succeeded by Charles I. From the day of Charles' accession, Laud Urban VIII. was the virtual director of the English Church, the aggrandisement of which was one of the great schemes of his life.

reign of James I? Give an account of the Synod of Dort. What was the Quinquarticular Controversy?

94. Give a short sketch of the life and character of Archbishop Laud. What was the Book of Sports? When was it first published?

Urban VIII.

CHARLES I. His father was a clothier at Reading, and he was born Laud. there in 1573. He was educated at Oxford, where he made himself obnoxious to the Calvinistic party, at the head of which was George Abbot, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury. He became successively President of St. John's College, Dean of Gloucester, Bishop of St. David's, Bishop of Bath and Wells, Bishop of London, and, finally, Archbishop of Canterbury upon the disgrace of Abbot in 1633. One of his earliest acts as primate was the republication of the Book of Sports, first issued by James I. in 1618, which authorised certain games and pastimes on the Sabbath. Laud raised against himself numerous enemies by his irritability of temper, and his extreme notions of the royal prerogative and the supremacy of the Church; and he was at length impeached by the Long Parliament; comInnocent x. mitted to the Tower in 1641; and beheaded on the 10th of January, 1645.

The Star

95.

During the primacy of Laud, new Chamber. vigour was infused into the High Commission, established in the reign of Elizabeth for the trial of ecclesiastical offences, whose criminal prosecutions were conducted in the more ancient Court of Star Chamber. This Court was originally the Privy Council itself, sitting in a room the ceiling of which was ornamented with stars. It was remodeled by Henry VIII. for the cognizance of official misdemeanours, without the assistance of a jury; but its jurisdiction now extended to the enforcement of all royal proclamations, and the punishment of all libels against

95. Give an account of the Courts of the High Commission and of the Star Chamber.

authority. In the reign of Charles I., it became so arbitrary CHARLE3 I. and tyrannical as to destroy the liberty of the subject.

Fifth Monarchy
Men.

CROMWELL.
Innocent X.

96. A fanatical sect appeared during Cromwell's Protectorate, who considered his assumption of power as an earnest of the foundation of the Fifth Monarchy, which should succeed to the Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman, and in which Jesus Christ should reign with the Saints on earth for the space of a thousand years. Upon the restoration of the royal family, a party of these enthusiasts, headed by Alexander VII, one Venner, made a desperate insurrection in A.D. 1661. the streets of London, which was put down with the slaughter of a great number of them.

The Savoy
97. Upon the restoration of Charles II.,
Conference. the Acts of the Long Parliament being
deemed void, episcopacy was restored, and
the liturgy came again into use. The presbyterian divines,
who expected such a modification of episcopacy as no
reasonable presbyterian could object to, took alarm at this,
and presented a petition to the king, to which the bishops
replied; and soon afterwards the king published a declara-
tion, in which concessions in matters of discipline were
made, and a commission promised for the revision of the
liturgy. The promised Conference commenced its sittings
at the Savoy, at the Bishop of London's residence, on
April 15, 1661. There were twelve bishops

A.D. 1661.

on one side, and twelve presbyterian ministers on the other, with nine assistants on each side. Baxter, on

CHARLES II.

Juxon.

96. Who were the Fifth Monarchy Men ?

97. What was the date, the object, and the result of the Savoy Conference? State the points which the presbyterians specified as actually sinful.

CHARLES II. the part of the presbyterians, prepared a list of objections Juxon. and an entirely new form of prayer; and after discussion spread over many weeks, the presbyterians specified the following eight points as actually sinful :

Alexander VII.

(1) That no minister might baptize without using the cross.
(2) That none might officiate who scrupled the surplice.
(3) That none might communicate who declined to kneel.

(4) That ministers were forced to pronounce all baptized children regenerate by the Holy Ghost, whether they be offspring of Christians or not.

(5) That ministers are obliged to decline the communion to the unfit.

(6) That ministers are obliged to absolve the unfit, and in absolute terms.

(7) That they are forced to give thanks for all whom they bury as those whom God hath in mercy taken to himself.

(8) That none may be a preacher that dare not subscribe that there is nothing in the Common Prayer, Ordination service, and 39 Articles, that is contrary to the Word of God.

The commission expired on July 24, 1661, and the parties had come to no agreement, except with regard to some small concessions in the liturgy.

Final Revision

98. The concessions made at the

of the Liturgy. Savoy Conference were laid before con vocation, and the following principal

alterations were sanctioned :

(1) The Authorized Version of the Bible to be used, except in the Ten Commandments, the Psalms, and the sentences in the Communion service.

(2) The five prayers at the end of the Litany transferred to the Morning and Evening Services.

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98. Enumerate the chief alterations made in the liturgy subsequent to the Savoy Conference. Give the date of the confirmation of the liturgy in the form in which it has come down to us.

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