datum, ueluti si mandem tibi, ut pecunias tuas potius in emptiones praediorum colloces quam faeneres, uel ex diuerso ut faeneres potius quam in emptiones praediorum colloces : cuius generis mandatum magis consilium est quam mandatum et ob id non est obligatorium, quia nemo ex consilio obligatur, etiamsi non expediat ei cui dabatur, quia liberum est cuique apud se explorare, an expediat sibi consilium. 3. PAULUS libro trigensimo secundo ad edictum. Praeterea in causa mandati etiam illud uertitur, ut interdum nec melior causa mandantis fieri possit, interdum melior, deterior uero numquam. (1.) Et quidem si mandaui tibi, ut aliquam rem mihi emeres, nec de pretio quicquam statui, tuque emisti, utrimque actio nascitur. (2.) Quod si pretium statui tuque pluris emisti, quidam negauerunt te mandati habere actionem, etiamsi paratus esses id quod excedit remittere: namque iniquum est non esse mihi cum illo actionem, si nolit, illi uero, si uelit, mecum esse. when, for instance, I commission you to lay out your money in the purchase of land rather than lend it at interest, or, vice versa, to lend it at interest rather than invest it in land. But a mandate of this sort is rather advice than a mandate, and therefore creates no obligation; because no one is responsible for advice, even though it be detrimental to him to whom it was given, since every one is at liberty to investigate for himself whether the advice is to his benefit. 3. Paulus. Moreover it is also characteristic of a mandate, that sometimes the condition of the mandator may not be improved, sometimes it may be improved, but it can never be deteriorated. 1. And so, if I commissioned you to buy something for me, without settling anything about the price, and you have bought it, a right of action springs up for both of us. 2. But if I stated the price, and you have bought the article for more money, some lawyers have maintained' that you have no actio mandati (contraria), even though you are ready to forfeit the excess of price; because it is inequitable that I should have no action against you, if you are unwilling2, but that you should have one against me, if you are willing. 1 Cassius and Sabinus, Just. Inst. 3. 26. 8. 2 Sc. unwilling to let me have the article at the price previously 4. GAIUS libro secundo rerum cottidianarum. Sed Proculus recte eum usque ad pretium statutum acturum existimat, quae sententia sane benignior est. 5. PAULUS libro trigensimo secundo ad edictum. Diligenter igitur fines mandati custodiendi sunt: nam qui excessit, aliud quid facere uidetur. (1.) Et, si susceptum non impleuerit tenetur. (2.) Itaque si mandauero tibi, ut domum Seianam centum emeres tuque Titianam emeris longe maioris pretii, centum tamen aut etiam minoris, non uideris implesse mandatum. (3.) Item si mandauero tibi, ut fundum meum centum uenderes tuque eum nonaginta uendideris et petam fundum, non obstabit mihi exceptio, nisi et reliquum mihi, quod deest mandatu meo, praestes et indemnem me per omnia conserues. (4.) Seruo quoque dominus si praeceperit certa summa rem 4. Gaius. But Proculus thinks that he may properly sue for the amount specified: and this opinion is certainly the fairer one. I. 5. Paulus. The limitations of a mandate must therefore, be carefully observed, for he who transgresses them is considered to do a different act. And if he has not fulfilled what he undertook to do, he is liable. 2. Therefore if I commissioned you to buy for 100 aurei the house of Seius, and you have bought a much more valuable one belonging to Titius, though (the purchase be) for 100 or even less, you are not considered to have carried out your commission. 3. So also, if I commissioned you to sell my land for 100 aurei, and you have sold it for 90, and I claim the land, the exceptio1 will not bar my action, unless you make good to me the deficiency from (the sum named in) my commission, and save me harmless in all respects. 4. So too, if a master has directed his slave to sell a thing for a certain sum, and he has sold named. It is supposed throughout that the mandatarius was unable to buy at the specified price, and therefore free from culpa. If he has been negligent he will be obliged to make good to the mandator id quod interest (C.4. 35. 13), or let him have the article at the price settled. But under the cir cumstances supposed he may consider the mandate to be nullified. (See Introduction, p. 6) 1 Sc. rei venditae et traditae. D. 21. 3.The agent was no agent in respect of what he has done, therefore the mandator has a vindicatio against the purchaser. uendere, ille minoris uendiderit, similiter uindicare eam dominus potest nec ulla exceptione summoueri, nisi indemnitas ei praestetur. (5.) Melior autem causa mandantis fieri potest, si, cum tibi mandassem, ut Stichum decem emeres, tu eum minoris emeris uel tantidem, ut aliud quicquam seruo accederet: utroque enim casu aut non ultra pretium aut intra pretium fecisti. 6. ULPIANUS libro trigensimo primo ad edictum. Si remunerandi gratia honor interuenit, erit mandati actio. (1.) Si cui fuerit mandatum, ut negotia administraret, hac actione erit conueniendus nec recte negotiorum gestorum cum eo agetur : nec enim ideo est obligatus quod negotia gessit, uerum idcirco quod mandatum susceperit: denique tenetur et si non gessisset. (2.) Si passus sim aliquem pro me fideiubere uel alias interuenire, mandati teneor et, nisi pro inuito quis intercesserit it for less, the master can in like manner vindicate the thing, and can be repelled by no exception, unless he be guaranteed against loss. 5. But the condition of the mandator may be improved, as, for example, when I commissioned you to buy Stichus for ten aurei, and you have bought him for less, or for that amount with something thrown in together with the slave; for in each of these cases you have either not gone beyond the price or have kept within the price. 6. Ulpian. If an honorarium has been promised by way of recompense, an actio mandati can be brought'. I. If any one has been commissioned to transact business, proceedings must be taken against him by this action (mandati), and he cannot properly be sued for negotia gesta; for his obligation is not founded on the fact that he transacted business, but on the fact that he undertook a commission; he would in fact be liable even though he had not transacted the business. 2. If I have allowed any one to become my surety or otherwise to interpose on my behalf, I am liable for mandate; and unless one man interferes on behalf of another against the latter's wish, or with the intent of conferring a gift, or as a 1 This does not imply that there can be an actio mandati contraria to recover the honorarium ; but that in spite of the promise of the honorarium there can be actiones mandati directa et contraria on all the ordinary grounds for the same. The honorarium itself would be obtained by proceedings extra ordinem. See 56. 3. 4. GAIUS libro secundo rerum cottidianarum. Sed Pi culus recte eum usque ad pretium statutum acturum existim quae sententia sane benignior est. tenetur. 5. PAULUS libro trigensimo secundo ad edictum. Dilig ter igitur fines mandati custodiendi sunt: nam qui exce aliud quid facere uidetur. (1.) Et, si susceptum non imple (2.) Itaque si mandauero tibi, ut domum Seia centum emeres tuque Titianam emeris longe maioris I centum tamen aut etiam minoris, non uideris implesse datum. (3.) Item si mandauero tibi, ut fundum meum c uenderes tuque eum nonaginta uendideris et petam fu non obstabit mihi exceptio, nisi et reliquum mihi, quoc mandatu meo, praestes et indemnem me per omnia con (4.) Seruo quoque dominus si praeceperit certa sumr 4. Gaius. But Proculus thinks that he may sue for the amount specified: and this opinion is the fairer one. 5. Paulus. The limitations of a mandate must t be carefully observed, for he who transgresses ther sidered to do a different act. I. And if he has no what he undertook to do, he is liable. 2. Ther commissioned you to buy for 100 aurei the house and you have bought a much more valuable one to Titius, though (the purchase be) for 100 or eve are not considered to have carried out your c 3. So also, if I commissioned you to sell my land fo and you have sold it for 90, and I claim the land, will not bar my action, unless you make good deficiency from (the sum named in) my commissio me harmless in all respects. 4. So too, if a master his slave to sell a thing for a certain sum, and named. It is supposed throughout that the mandatarius was unable to buy at the specified price, and therefore free from culpa. If he has been negligent he will be obliged to make good to the mandator id quod interest (C. 4. 35. 13), or let him have the article at the price settled. But under the cir cumstances suppos 1 Sc. rei vendita L ve rd. ate, for which 15 negotia aphnide è alterius i: hic a issus erat, uidebatur emptor litis sequi quod rescripserunt habere, quia n. Marcellus Popondit, ut, si andate when he 7. A certain bargaining for a tained a guarantee Portion should be the suit. He was e an account of his S debarred him from emed to me that he of the award, and of the risk of the suit, mandate from Daphnis udged to pay. But the led that he should get no : he had made a purchase cellus lays down this rule es surety for a reward; that se we ham hay bhainis award, if it went against Daphnis ; (C. 2. Paulus pay the 3 Antoninus and Verus. |