THE

HISTORY

OF THE

DECLINE AND FALL

OF THE

ROMAN EMPIRE.

BY

EDWARD GIBBON, ESQ.

IN TWELVE VOLUMES.

VOL. I.

A New Edition.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR W. ALLASON; B. WHITROW AND CO.; C. CHAPPLE;
W. BARTON; J. EVANS AND SON; J. GREENHILL; J. HARWOOD;
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J. MAYNARD; T. BOHN; W. MASON; J. CARLISLE; T. FISHER;
J. BUMPUS; J. CRANWELL; I. PARSONS AND CO.; J. ROE;
T. LESTER ALSO W. AND P. JENKINS; AND E. KHULL AND CO.
GLASGOW; J. CUMMING AND C. LA GRANGE, DUBLIN

لا

C

ENOX LIBRARY

NEW YORK

Plummer and Brewis, Printers, Love-Lane, Little-Eastcheap

PREFACE.

It is not my intention to detain the reader by expatiating on the variety, or the importance of the subject, which I have undertaken to treat; since the merit of the choice would serve to ren der the weakness of the execution still more apparent, and still less excusable. But as I have presumed to lay before the public a first volume only* of the History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, it will perhaps be expected that I should explain, in a few words, the nature and limits of my general plan.

The memorable series of revolutions, which, in the course of about thirteen centuries, gradually undermined, and at length destroyed, the solid fabric of human greatness, may, with some propriety, be divided in the three following periods:

I. The first of these periods may be traced from the age of Trajan and the Antonines, when the Roman monarchy, having attained its full strength and maturity, began to verge towards its decline; and will extend to the subversion of the Western Empire, by the barbarians of Germany and Scythia, the rude ancestors of the most polished nations of modern Europe. This extraordinary revolution, which subjected Rome

* The first volume of the quarto, which is now contained in the two first volumes of the octavo edition.

to the power of a Gothic conqueror, was completed about the beginning of the sixth century.

II. The second period of the Decline and Fall of Rome, may be supposed to commence with the reign of Justinian, who by his laws, as well as by his victories, restored a transient splendour to the Eastern Empire. It will comprehend the invasion of Italy by the Lombards; the conquest of the Asiatic and African provinces by the Arabs, who embraced the religion of Mahomet; the revolt of the Roman people against the feeble princes of Constantinople; and the elevation of Charlemagne, who, in the year eight hundred, established the second, or German empire of the West.

III. The last and longest of these periods includes about six centuries and a half; from the revival of the Western Empire, till the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, and the extinction of a degenerate race of princes, who continued to assume the titles of Cæsar and Augustus, after their dominions were contracted to the limits of a single city; in which the language, as well as manners, of the ancient Romans, had been long since forgotten. The writer who should undertake to relate the events of this period, would find himself obliged to enter into the general history of the crusades, as far as they contribute to the ruin of the Greek empire; and he would scarcely be able to restrain his curiosity from making some inquiry into the state of the city of Rome during the darkness and confusion of the middle ages.

As I have ventured, perhaps too hastily, to