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4. The following ordinary members were elected :

(1) Tarini Charan Rath, Esq., B.A., District Munsif, Aska, District Ganjam.

(2) Pandit Mrutyunjaya Rath, Banibhusan Kavyatirth, R. C. School, Cuttack.

(3) Babu Devaki Prasad, B.A., University Student, Patna

College.

(4) Pandit Syamaji Sarma, Head Pandit, Patna City School.

(5) Babu 'Madhusudan Das, B.A., Oriya Translator to the Government of Bihar and Orissa, Cuttack.

(6) R. Shaw, Esq., Registrar, Patna University.

(7) P. R. Das, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, Patna High Court

NOTICE.

Copies of the article on the Hathi-gumpha Inscription of Khāravela, by Mr. K. P. Jayaswal, are available at the Society's Office. Price, Rs. 2 per copy.

B. & O. G. P. (M. & P.) No. 14-764-20-5-1918-A. W. G.

APR 4 1922

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Printed by the Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa.

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OF THE

BIHAR AND ORISSA RESEARCH SOCIETY

For the year 1918.

Patron.

His Honour Sir Edward Albert Gait, K.C.S.I., C.I.E., I.C.S.
Vice-Patrons.

The Hon'ble Sir Edward Vere Levinge, K.C.I.E., C.S.I., I.C.S.

The Hon'ble Sir William Henry Hoare Vincent, Kt., I.C.S.

The Hon'ble Maharaja Bahadur Sir Rameswar Singh, G.C.I.E., of Darbhanga.

The Hon'ble Maharaja Bahadur Sir Ravaneswar Prasad Singh, K.C.I.E., of Gidhaur.

Maharaja Sir Bir Mitradaya Singh Deo, K.C.I.E., of Sonepur State.

The Hon'ble Sir Thomas Fredrick Dawson Miller, Kt., K.C.

Raja Kamaleswari Prasad Singh.

President.

His Honour Sir Edward Albert Gait, K.C.S.I., C.I.E., I.C.S.

Vice-President.

The Hon'ble Mr. E. H. C. Walsh, C.S.I., I.C.S.

General Secretary.

K. P. Jayaswal, Esq., M.A., Bar.-at-Law.

Joint Secretary.

R. W. F. Shaw, Esq., M.A.

Treasurer.

Professor Jogindra Nath Samaddar, B.A.

Departmental Secretaries.

Secretaries for History Section-K. P. Jayaswal, Esq., M.A. (Oxon.), Bat-at-Law, and Professor J. N. Samaddar, B.A.

Secretary for Archæology and Numismatics-The Hon'ble Mr. E. H. C. Walsh, C.S.I., I.C.S.

Secretary for Anthropology and Folk-lore-Babu S. C. Roy, M.A., B.L. Secretaries for Philology-Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Hara Prasad Shastri, M.A., C.I.E., and Nawab Shams-ul-'Ulama Saiyid Imdad Imam.

(Continued on page 3 of cover.)

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I.-Sites in Rajgir Associated with Buddha and His Disciples.

By D. N. Sen, M.A.

EVERY hill, dale, ravine or torrent which constitutes the environment of Rajagriha has its sacred associations and is redolent of memories which are so dear to the devout Buddhist. Each sacred spot had a landmark raised by pious hands to commemorate some episode in the life of the Master. These have now either disappeared altogether, or are buried under the earth, or form shapeless mounds, not easy to identify, and the mass of legends which have grown round them, like the luxuriant tropical vegetation which now covers the sites, has made it still more difficult to explore them successfully. Buddha spoke thus to Ananda, not long before the parinibbāna :

"Delightful, O Ananda is Rājagaha. Delightful is Gijjhakūṭa mountain. Delightful is Gotama-Nigrodha. Delightful is Chorapapata. Delightful is Sattapanna Guha by the side of Vebhāra. Delightful is the black rock by the side of Isigili. Delightful is Sappasondika Pabbhara in Sitavana. Delightful

is Tapodarāma. Delightful is Kalandaka Nivāpa in Veluvana. Delightful is Jivakambavana. Delightful is the deer forest in Maddakuchchhi. "*

Those were the closing days of the Master's long ministry. He knew that the time was at hand when he must bid adieu to this world. His thoughts turned fondly to the various spots in Rajagaha which were so dear to his memory.

In another connection, the same names, as are given in the extract quoted above, occur:

+"Oh, friend Dabba, arrange our residence in Gijjhakūta, our residence in Chora-pipāta, ours at the black rock by the side. of Isigili, ours in the Sattapanna Guha by the side of Vebhāra, ours in the Sappasondika Pabbhāra in Sitavana, ours in the ravine of the Gomati, ours in the ravine of the Tapoda, ‡ ours in the mango grove of Jivaka, ours in the deer forest in Maddakuchchhi. " Pandavā mountain, Pippala Guha, Sumagadhā Pokkharani, Sappinikā river, Paribbājakārāma, Latthivaña are some of the other places associated with Tathāgata and his immediate disciples.

Gribbaja, the hill-girt city of Jarasandha, is often described in Pali literature as Magadhānam Giribbaja, i.e., the Giribbaja of the people of Magadha, which suggests that there was another Giribbaja in a different part of India. We find in the Rāmāyaṇa that the other Girivraja was the capital of the Kekayas, and lay to the west of the river Vipāsā :

"Then when their course so swift and leng,
Ilad worn their steeds though fleet and strong,
To Girivraja's splendid town,

They came by night, and lighted down."1

* Mahāparinibbana Sutt, page 86 (Burmese Edition). Vinaya, Vol. III, pages 159-160 (Oldenborg's Edition).

Tapoda-Sanskrit Taptoda, the stream into which the water from the hot springs flowed.-K.P.J.

§ Griffith's Rāmāyaṇa, Canto, LXVII.

1 Messengers were sent post-haste to the capital of the Kekayas to bring Bhurata after the death of Dasaratha and the passage quoted above describes their hurried journey to, and arrival at, the capital.

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