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with kindness, and never on any occasion suffer the violence of his disposition to betray him into an intemperate use of harsh language, or into a series of outrageous actions. It is the opinion of weak minds, that to be properly obeyed, they must wear a stern aspect, and speak despotically; those persons unhappily mistake moroseness for dignity, and tyranny for firmness.

"Even in the delicious potion of praise, of which all mankind drink greedily, if delicacy is not mingled in the cup, it generally loses its intoxicating effect. Delicacy meliorates every virtue, and adds a lustre to every attainment of the human mind.

"Upon the whole then, it appears that true delicacy is the best cement of society. It is that fascinating quality which endears man to man. It produces harmony in domestic life; pleasure in all public intercourses, and is the most specific preventive of anarchy on every occasion of festivity. It is the badge of dis tinction between the polished European and the uncultivated Indian, and is, in reality, one of the most valuable blessings produced by the energies of civilization."--J. S.

CIVIL SOCIETY

HAS passed through its several stages to its present state of perfection; its origin, relations, and dependencies, must be thus explained.

"SUPPOSE a ship to be wrecked on an uninhabited island, and that all the officers perished, but that the common men and their wives were saved; here, if any where, we may meet with liberty and equality, and the rights of man,

what think you would be the consequence ?A state of anarchy and equality might, per. haps, subsist for a day; but wisdom, courage, industry, economy, would presently introduce a superiority of some over others; and, in or der that each man might preserve for himself the cabin he had built, the ground he had tilled, or the fish he had taken, all would agree in the propriety of appointing some one amongst the number, or more than one, to direct, govern, and protect the whole by the common strength. Thus the restriction of liberty, and the destruc tion of equality, and all the circumstances superficial reasoners represent as grievances in society, and subversive of the rights of man, would of necessity be introduced. No one would be left at liberty to invade his neighbour's property; some would by skill and activity become rich, and they would be allowed to bequeath at their death their wealth to their. children; others would by idleness and debauchery remain poor; and, having nothing to leave to their children, these, when grown up, would be under the necessity of maintaining themselves by working for their neighbours, till, by prudence and thrift, they acquired enough to purchase property of their own, on which they might employ their labour. This is no visionary reasoning; we have an instance of its reality in the colony at Botany Bay. The persons composing this colony, who by their crimes were made the outcasts of Great Britain, and were equal to each other, none of them possessing any thing, are already become very unequal in property and condition; and I am happy to add, in respectability of character. It is a general law, which God has established throughout the world, that riches and respect

should attend prudence and diligence; and, as all men are not equal in the faculties of either body or mind, by which riches and respect are acquired, a necessity of superiority and subordination springs from the very nature which God has given us. All this I am sensible is so well understood by you, that I would not have mentioned the matter had there not been present other auditors, who may not have fully considered the origin, relations, and dependencies of civil society.

"Are the French coming hither to enrich the nation? Will they pay attention to the poor of this country, when they have so many thousands of infinitely poorer persons in their own? Will they reward their seditious adherents amongst us? Yes, they will reward them, as all history informs us such traitors ever have been rewarded--they will reward them with contempt, pillage, beggary, slavery, and death. The nation will be ruined by exorbitant impositions, our naval power will be destroyed,-our commerce transferred to France,.---our lands will be divided (not amongst those who wickedly covet their neighbour's goods), but amongst French soldiers, who will be every where stationed, as the Roman soldiers were of old, to awe the people, and collect the taxes, the flower of our youth will be compelled to serve in foreign countries, to promote the wicked projects of French ambition,-- Great Britain will be made an appendage to conti. nental despotism.

"I would say to the most violent democrat in the kingdom, suppose the business done; after seas of blood have been shed, millions of lives lost, towns plundered, villages burned, the Royal family exterminated, and unuttera

ble calamity had been endured by persons of all ranks; after all this has been done, what advantages will you have obtained beyond what you now possess? Will your property be better protected? Will your personal liberty be more respected? Will our code of jurisprudence be improved? Will our laws be more impartially administered? Quite the contrary of all this now takes place in France. I do not say that when things are settled there, the present wretched condition of its inhabi tants will be continued, and I hope it will not; but I am sincerely of opinion that few of us will live to see such a system established in France, as will procure to its inhabitants half the blessings which our ancestors have enjoyed, which we do enjoy, and which it is our interest to take care that our posterity shall enjoy, under the constitution of Great Britain."---Dr. Watson.

JERUSALEM

Is so celebrated a city in Sacred History, that a recent description of it will be accceptable. The author visited the spot in 1797, and his ac. count is worthy attention.

"I must confess the aspect of Jerusalem did not gratify my expectation. On ascending an hill, distant about three miles, this celebrated city rose to view, seated on an eminence, but surrounded by others of a greater height, and its walls, which remain tolerably perfect, form the chief object in the approach. They are constructed of a reddish stone. As the day was extremely cold, and snow began to fall, the prospect was not so interesting as it might have proved at a more favourable season.

"Mendicants perfectly swarm in the place, allured by the hope of alms from the piety of the pilgrims. The religious of the Terra Santa retain great power; and there is one manufacture that flourishes in the utmost vigour, namely, that of reliques, crucifixes inlaid with mother-of-pearl, chaplets, and the like. Yet the church of the Holy Sepulchre is so much neglected, that the snow fell into the middle; the beams, said to be cedar, are falling, and the whole roof is in a ruinous state. The Armenian Convent is elegant, and so extensive, as to present accommodation for no less than a thousand pilgrims.

"During twelve or thirteen days, a very deep snow lay upon the ground. The Catholic convent has a large subterraneous cistern, into which the snow melting from the roof, and other parts, is conveyed, and supplies the monks with water for a great portion of the year.

"The best view of Jerusalem is from the Mount of Olives, on the east of the city. In front is the chief mosque, which contains, according to the tradition of the Mahomedans, the body of Solomon. From the same Mount may be discovered, in a clear day, the Dead Sea, nearly south-east, reflecting a whitish gleam. The intervening region appears very rocky.

"The Tombs of the Kings, so denominated, are worthy of remark, being of Grecian sculp ture, and on a hard rock. There are several ornaments on the sarcophagi, of foliage and flowers, and each apartment is secured with a massive pannelled door of stone. Great ravages have been made here in search of treasure. These tombs have, probably, been constructed

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