1

Jenner, Appendix (No. 40) which confirm the allegation contained in the Petition, that he has not only reaped no advantage from his difcovery, but that he has been a confiderable lofer by the perfe vering attention which he has bellowed upon this one tubject, to the neglect of his other business, without an opportunity of replacing himself in the firuation which a defire of publishing and diffufing more extentively, and establishing beyond the reach of controverfy the practice itself, induced him to quit. What his gains might probably have been, if he had been folicitous to keep the fecret within his own practice, and that of his own immediate pupils, as far as medical men in great practice themfelves can form a conjectural opinion, may be collected from the teftimonies expreffed in the Appen tix (Nos. 35 to 43) in which no more than juftice is done to the liberality and public fpirit of the Petitioner, in confidering the propagation and extention of this important discovery, and in rendering it rather of universal utility to the human race, than of emolument to himself.

Dr. Edward Jenner begged leave to fubmit to the Committee, vouchers from correfpondents in various parts of the globe, referring to at least one hundred thousand cafes. Of thefe teftimonials Your Committee have felected the most important, and annexed them in the Appendix to this Report.

APPENDIX to the REPORT from the COM.

MITTEE.

(The Evidence delivered by each perfon is numbered for the lake of reference: but we give them in the order they are referred to in the Report, not in the order of the Appendix.}

Dr. BLANE, F.R. S. and one of the Commiffiones of fick and wounded Sea. men, first heard of this difcovery about ten years ago, but could nor give credit to what feemed fo extraordinary and romantic, but still he did not defift from making inquiries, as fi me or his children have fuf. fered much from the fmall pox. His mquiries led him to fee how it was practiled in the Inoculation Hofpital, from whence he came away fo much prejudiced against it, that he immediately inoculated one of his children with the fmall pox. Soon after he found the opinions he had taken up, to arife from the vaccine having mix ed itself with the variolous infection in this hofpital; and his further enquiries ended in a perfect conviction of the merits of vaccine-inoculation, infomuch that he ino

culated another of his children with it, who went through the difeafe perfectly well, and has fince refitted the variolous infection, which was attempted to be com municated feventeen min hs after the other. He attributes the difcovery folely to Dr. Jenner. In his official fituation he recommended to the Admiralty to have it tried on board the fleet, which was done, and in the Kent man of war all those who had received the vaccine-inoculation, were afterwards inoculated with variolous matter, but without eff.&t; that the Reports of all the Navy Surgeons were favourable to its operations; remarking, that the men, during the diorder, were not incapacitated from their ulual duties; and fo highly did they prize this difcovery, that a meeting was hell at Plymouth, where a gold medal was fubfcribed for by them, and prefented to Dr. Jenner as its author. He laid before the Committee teftimonials from Egypt, figned by Lord Keith and General Hutchinion, in its favour; his own opinion of its advantages he draws from the comparifon with the mortality occafioned by the nail-pox, which, by computation, amounts to nearly onetent of the whole mortality in this country (95 out of every 1000 deaths reported in the bills); and that fince the introduction of inoculation for the fmall pox, the mortality occafioned by that difeafe has increafed; that the number who die of the fimallpox annually within the bills of mortality is about 2000, and in the United Kingdoms it may be computed at 45000; therefore if the vaccine was universally fubitituted, he thinks the fmall-pox muit in a short time be extinct; he has heard of object ons and prejudices against this method, but upon inquiry he has found thein grounded on fallacy and mifreprefentations; an infance of which occurred in the tenth. regiment of dragoons, where he found the lancets ulei to have been confounded with others armed with variolous matter, which probably occafioned the report of finall-pox infection having (ucceeded the inoculation with vaccinematter. He gave two or three other inftances equally injurious to the practice of vaccine inoculation, which were evidently founded upon mitapprehenfion. He believes mot of the cates to have arifen from the ufing of matter taken at too late a period of the puftul:, which may equally happen in inoculating for the mall-pox with virus taken at an improper period of maturation. (No. 4)

Dr. BRADLEY, Licentiate of the Royal College of Phyficians, Phylician to the B 2

to the Westminster Hofpital, and one of the Conductors of the Medical and Phy. fical Journal, is in correfpondence with the Faculty on the Continent as well as in England; has received accounts of the progrefs of vaccine-inoculation from New York and Philadelphia; from Paris, Malta, Italy, and Germany; from all which parts its excellence is confirmed, and it is now likewife introduced into Turkey. He laid before the Committee all the publications and papers he had received on that head. He looks upon Dr. Jenner as the author of the vaccine-inoculation, and believes no medical man in the world doubts it; and in his extensive correfpondence he has never heard any other perlon lay claim to it; he believes vaccine-inoculation will prevent the small pox to the extent of human life; for the natural cow-pox has already been proved to do fo; and there have been decifive experiments made to prove that vaccine-inoculation will miti gate the fmall-pox, when caught in the natural way. The fpurious fort of cowpox can be readily diftinguished from the real, by an examination of the plates given as illuftrations of the practice by Dr. Jenner; he thinks that if Dr. Jenher had fettled in London, and kept the practice a fecret, he might have made £10,000 per annum for the first five years, and double that fum afterwards; for notwithstanding the affiduous labour of Dr. Jenner and others to inftruct practitioners, important errors are daily committed in it, both at home and in foreign parts. He believes that not less than two millions of perfons have been inoculated with vaccine-matter in the world, and he has never known one inftance of a patient dying in confequence of this mode of ino culation; and he has only beard of four cafes which were faid to have failed, to the explanation of which Dr. Woodyille, Mr. Cline, and Mr. Ring can speak. He believes the computation of deaths occafioned by inoculated fmall-pox, to be one in three hundred, in England; and not lefs than one in one hundred and fifty, throughout the rest of Europe, Africa, Afia, and America. (No. 35 )

Dr. WOODVILLE, Licentiate of the Royal College of Phylicians, and Phyli cian to the Smallpox Hospital, confiders Dr. Jenner as the original difcoverer of vaccine-inoculation. He has introduced it in one of the hofpitals under his care, in confequence of the communications of Dr Jenner. He gives the preference to the vaccine over in fmall-pox inoculation, because he finds it equally certain in fecur

ing the patient from the small-pox; because it is without danger or risk of life, and not, like the fmall-pox, contagious. One patient in the hospital was faid to have died of the vaccine inoculation, but in his opinion it was not fo, as he had previously caught the small-pox in the natural way, to which his death ought to be attributed; the cafe of failure which Dr. Bradley mentioned, was a child who had been inoculated with the cow-pox, but who died in confequence of a bowl complaint, attend. ed with a diarrhea to so violent a degree, that he attributed its death to that diforder, and not to any thing belonging to vaccine-inoculation. He has inoculated 7500 patients up to laft January with the vaccine-difeafe, about half of which number have been fince inoculated with fmallpox matter, in none of whom did the smallpox produce any effect. The mortality occafioned by the fmall-pox will be found in the calculation delivered in ; which agrees with Dr. Blane's. (No. 3.)

Sir WALTER FARQUHAR, Bart. Licentiate of the Royal College of Phyficians,and Phyfician to his Royal Highnes the Prince of Wales, ftated, that he never heard of vaccine-inoculation previous to its introduction by Dr. Jenner. Two of his own grand-children were inoculated at the fame time; one with the small-pox in the uful manner, who had it at firit in a favourable manner, but latterly attended with confiderable eruptions and convulfion fits; the other child was inoculated with the cow-pox, which he underwent in the mildet maurer poffible, and on the 12th day from the inoculation was brought home to his brother, and lived with him during the progrefs of the small pox, without the imaileft fymptoms of catching it. He confiders vaccine-inoculation as the greateft difcovery which has been made for many years; thinks Dr. Jenner has fuffered in his fortune materially by making this difcovery public; that on its first being communicated to him by Mr. Cline, he laid, that if Dr. Jenner was con fident of its fuccefs, and would refide in London, he would infure him £.10,000 per annum; but that if he foffered the

cret to be divulged, every practitioner would get hold of it, and Dr. Jenner lote all chance of emolument. This has ac. tually happened, and he has therefore loft the opportunity of making his fortune. He is of opinion that vaccine inoculation is a permanent fecurity against variolous infection, and it never has proved fatal. The general computation of the mortality of the fmall-pox, when performed in the

best

(No. 36.)

Mr. JOHN RING, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, confiders Dr. Jenner as the author of vaccine-inoculation, and the discovery itself as being beyond all comparison the most valuable and important ever made by man; he believes it to be a perfect and permanent fecurity against the fmall-pox, he has inoculated upwards of 1,200 perfons with vaccine matter, and has reafon to believe that at kaft 1000 of them have been either voluntarily or involuntarily exposed to varioloas infection, which they all refifted. The vaccine inoculation is attended with no danger unless trom ignorance or neglect. If Dr. Jenner had kept this difcovery to himfelt, his practice might have been worth £.10,000 per annum, it being well known that cerain in dividuals have acquired as much or more by the ordinary practice of phyfic; all humours and diforders which happen after any fpecies of inoculation, are commonly attributed to that inoculation by perfons prejudiced against it, and others a fome. times influenced by their opinions; but he knows of no inftance where the cowpox has occafioned any other complaint, than what may be caufed by any other difeafe which is equally mild; he is of opinion that every difeafe is capable of exciting other difeafes or humours, in proportion to its magnitude; the magnitude of the cow-pox depends much upon the treatment. He never practifed the fmall-pox inoculation in any particular manner, nor ever kept any account of the number he inoculated, but fuppofes it might amount to about 600; he thinks that about one in every hundred in London, on an average, inoculated with finallpox, die; the reafon of a greater mortality prevailing amongst perfons inoculated for the fmall-pox in London, is the unwholefomeness of the atmosphere, and the trequent neceffity of inoculating children at an improper age; he has never known any accident ha, pen from inoculating rom a fpurious fort of cow-pox; in refpect of the periods of coming out and turning, the inoculation of the cow-pox is fubject to the fame laws, and liable to the fame variations, with the inoculation of the fmallpox; it is not more difficult to determine whether a patient has had the regular cow, than whether the patient has had the regular fmall-pox, provided care is taken not to interrupt the regular progress of the vaccine puliule by friction; he has known local inflammation produced both from in

with variolous-matter, without being followed by any puftule; in this relpect, therefore, the two inoculations are fimilar, and he knows of no advantage either in this or any other respect which the inoculation of the small-pox has over that of the cow-pox. (No. 38.)

Dr. JAMES SIMS, Licentiate of the Royal College of Phycians, and Prelident of the Medical Society of London, ftated, That he was originally adverte to vaccine inoculation, but his confidence has been increafing in it every hour, from the repeated trials and authorities cited of its efficacy. He never heard of it hefore Dr. Jenner's publication, to whom alone he attributes the discovery, which he looks upon to be the most uietul ever made in medicine; he thinks that if Dr. Jenner had kept it a fecret, as he might have done, he might, during his life (if protracted to a moderate length) have become the richest man in thefe kingdoms. The vaccine-difeafe does not introduce any other diforder into the human frame. The computation made of deaths occa ficned by the natural finall-pox, by Dr. Jurin and others, is one in fix.

Dr. Sims laid before the Committee a teftimony, unanimoufly refolved upon by the Medical Society of London, (which confifts of above 150 members, refident in the metropolis, and of more than double that number refiding elsewhere) in favour of this very important difcovery, figned by himself as Prefident. (No. 37.)

Mr. John Add ng'on, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, is acquainted with vaccine-inoculation, and has practiled it fince the fpring of the year 1799 with uniform fuccefs, and has kept an exact regifter of cafes to the number of eighty-one, with all their particulars. He has inoculated with variolous matter, and expofed to the infection of natural finali-pox in its most violent forms, and in every ftage, by every method he could devite, about one-third of his patients, and in no cafe was the intection of fmallpox communicated. He further stated, that he had been particularly careful in the choice of the matter employed in vac cine-inoculation, and had not found in his own practice any cafe of spurious cowpox, but had feen many cafes of purious fmall pox; and therefore confidered that the objections which are thought to arife against the vaccine-inoculation from this fource, apply equally against the inoculation of small pox. (No. 21.)

Dr. Lettiom, F. K. S. Licentiate of

the

the Royal College of Phyficians, and Phylician Extraordinary to the City of London Lying-in Hofpital, ftated, That he looked upon Dr. Jenner to be the difcoverer of vaccine-inoculation. He thought that in culation of the fmall pox had increafed the number of deaths. About the year 1773, he paid particular attention to this fubject, which afforded fome obfervations applicable to the prefent inquiry, and decifive upon a large scale of calculation, which a table by figures more clearly evinced. The experience of fortytwo years preceding the introduction of inoculation into this country, was already placed in a clear point of view in the Philofophical Tronfactions, by Dr. James Jurin, who was a 'anguine advocate for inoculation, and whofe teftimony was therefore unexceptionable. His numbers were taken from the yearly bills of mortality, and the reafon why the fourteen years from 1686 to 1701 were omitted, was, because in the bills of those years the account of the fmall pox and mealles were not diftinguished, as in the preceding and following years, but were joined together in one article, fo that from them no certain account could be drawn of the number of perfons that died of the fmallpox. It appeared by these tables, that out of 1,005,279 burials within the laft forty-two years, 1742 perfons more have died of the fmall-pox than the proportionate number, as collected from the experience of the first forty-two years; fe venteen more burials therefore in one thoufand had been occafioned by the small pox, fince inoculation had been adopted. He believes that the inoculation of the cow-pox fecures the perfon inoculated from the final-pox, as much as the method of inoculation for the fmall pox, with this difference, that the cow-pox is not infectious. Vaccine inoculation has diminished the fatality occafioned by the natural imall-pox, by lessening the number fufceptible of taking it. Taking London and the out-parithes as containing nearly 1,000,000 of people, he calculates, that 3000 probably died yearly by the smallpox, or eight every day; or allowing Great Britain and Ireland to contain 12,000,000 of people, no less than 36,000 annually. About eight perfons die by the imall-pox every day in the metropolis and its environs, or about fifty-fix in each week, although, from fome defects in the Bills of Mortality, the amount does not appear to have exceeded forty-five. But if he calculated the last three weeks in March lat, which amounted to thirty

five deaths, and compared them with three weeks in March for ten years preceding which amounted to 697, it would refult that the prefent mouth was thirty-five lefs than the average of ten pieceding years, that is, from 1790 to 1800. He thought that the genuine cow pox was never fatal; he had reafon to conclude that about 60,000 perfons had been inoculated with cow pox. He had heard curforily of four deaths; but upon minute inquiry, he was convinced that three of them had no connection with the cowpax: of the fourth, he had received no accurate information. But fuppofing the cow-pox, during its progrefs, to occa y fourteen days, it appeared by the deaths in London, that on a common average, in every 60,000 healthy fubjects, seven died in fourteen days, without the inflic tion of any diteale, but what was in the common courie of events; that knowing the fatality of fmall pox, and risk occafioned by inoculation, he was early inqui fitive upon this important fubject, both from its consequence to mankind in general, and from bis acquaintance with fome particular families, who had luffered both from the natural mall pox and inocula. tion; and from those who had adopted the practice, no one unfavourable event pas refulted. Hence he acquired the mot favourable opinion of the practice, which his fubfequent experience has not altered: that he had not known any inconveniences to follow the fpurious fort of cow-pox. He further ftated, that if Dr. Jenner had kept this practice a fecret to himfelf, he might have derived immenfe pecuniary profits; and that confidering the apparent incredibility of the practice to common oblervation, and the fecrecy with which the Suttonians long monopolized the inoculation of Imal-pox, that D. Jenner might have exclusively kept the practice to himself for a long period. Upon being asked, Whether he had ever known a patient who had been inoculated for the finall-pox, undergo that difcafe a fecond time? he replied, that he had two relations inoculated under the Suttonian method, both of whom afterwards took the fimal-pox in a natural way, one of whom died; and lefs than twelve months ago, he had attended two children in different families, the parents of which affured him that they had been inoculated for the fmall pox a year or two before his attendance, when both were attacked feverely with the natural fmall-pox. He added, that the mode of fmall-pox inoculation practited by the Suttons and Baron Dimf

dale,