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boratory under the direction of the lecturer in Pharmacology. . Ritchie of Edinburgh is carrying out in it some researches Bacteriology. The Chemical Club started last term by some the senior men continues to hold meetings weekly for the disssion of recent chemical investigations. Mr. Ingham of erton is secretary. The meetings are well attended and eful.

Mr. R. T. Günther, B. A., Demy of Magdalen College, has en elected to the Naples Biological Scholarship for the ensuing

ar.

CAMBRIDGE.-Mr. H. Bury, Fellow of Trinity College, has en appointed by the Board for Biology and Geology to the e of a table at the Naples Zoological Station for March and ril, 1893.

The Boards for Biology and Geology, and for Physics and hemistry, have reported in favour of extending to Part I. of Natural Sciences Tripos the plan already adopted for Part II., mely, the substitution of distinct papers in each scientific oject, instead of papers each of which contains questions in the subjects. They propose that the change come into eration in 1894.

SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES.
LONDON.

Chemical Society, January 19.-Prof. A. Crum-Brown, sident, in the chair.-The following papers were read :-icinum, Part I. The preparation of glucina from beryl, by Gibson. The methods at present in use for preparing pure cina from beryl are tedious and difficult to apply on the ge scale, as the mineral, which contains but a small quantity glucinum, has to be reduced to a very fine powder before ng treated by the reagents usually employed for the decomition of refractory silicates. The author has worked out a cess which greatly facilitates the preparation of glucina. If coarsely-ground beryl is heated in an iron vessel with six ts of ammonium hydrogen fluoride, complete decomposition urs below a red heat. The product contains the aluminium most of the iron as insoluble fluoride and oxide respectively, ether with glucinum fluoride, which dissolves on extraction h water. In order to remove the last traces of iron from le glucina, advantage is taken of the fact that the precipitation lead or mercuric salt by ammonium sulphide effects by mass on the complete separation of small quantities of iron which be present in the solution.-The determination of the mal expansion of liquids, by T. E. Thorpe. The author cribes various improvements in the ordinary dilatometrical hod of determining the thermal expansion of liquids. ongst these the most important is the application of a device uently employed in the construction of standard thermoers, and consisting in enlarging the bore of the dilatometer n at some point. On such an instrument the positions of the and 100 points may be determined irrespectively of its ge, and the thermometer, and the column of liquid in the tometer stem may be totally immersed in a bath of moderate thus doing away with corrections for the emergent columns he two instruments. The methods of constructing, caliing, and using the dilatometers are described, together with baths employed in heating them.-The determination of thermal expansion and specific volume of certain paraffins paraffin derivatives, by T. E. Thorpe and L. M. Jones. : authors give the data relating to a number of hydrocarbons, hols, ketones, and other derivatives of the paraffins. The Its show a fairly satisfactory agreement, in most cases, with values calculated by Lossen's formula, but all the observed ific volumes, with the exception of that of propionic ydride, differ considerably from those calculated by means opp's values.-The hydrocarbons derived from dipentene drochloride, by W. A. Tilden and S. Williamson. drochloride, C10H162HCl melting at 50°, prepared by the on of moist hydrogen chloride on optically active turpentine, nown to be identical with that obtained from the active enes (limonenes) or from inactive "dipentene." On heating ith aniline, an oil is obtained which has hitherto been suped to consist essentially of dipentene; on oxidising it, how, a certain proportion of aromatic acids is obtained. These s are not formed on oxidising the active limonenes or pure ntene with nitric acid; their formation in the previous case

The

is, however, satisfactorily explained by the authors, who find that the dipentene obtained from the dihydrochloride contains large proportions of cymene, terpinene, terpinolene, and a small quantity of a saturated paraffinoid hydrocarbon boiling at about 155°.—Sulphonic derivatives of camphor, by F. S. Kipping and W. J. Pope. The authors have succeeded in preparing camphorsulphonic acid, C10H15O. SO,H,a compound hitherto unknown, by the direct action of anhydrosulphuric. acid or chlorosulphonic acid on camphor. The acid is purified by the conversion of its sodium salt into camphorsulphonic chloride, C10H15O. SO,C1; the latter substance is apparently obtained in optically different modifications which are separated only with considerable difficulty. The sulphonic chloride is readily hydrolysed on boiling with water, yielding the sulphonic acid from which a series of well-defined salts has been obtained. The action of anhydrosulphuric acid on bromocamphor results in the formation of bromocamphorsulphonic acid; this on suitable treatment yields a sulphonic chloride, C10H14BrO. SO,Cl, which crystallises in magnificent colourless octahedra, melting at 136-137°. A bromocamphorsulphonic chloride of similar composition has been previously described by Marsh and Cousins as a "black, semi-crystalline tar;" a repetition of their work shows this to be merely an impure form of the substance now described. The corresponding chlorocamphorsulphonic chloride described by Marsh and Cousins as a microcrystalline, black solid," crystallises in massive colourless octahedra when pure; it melts at 123-124, and has a specific rotatory power [a]: = + 110°. The authors describe a number of salts and derivatives of these sulphonic acids. The preparation of dinitro-a-naphthylamine [NH, : NO, NO, = I: 2 : 4] from its acetyl and valeryl derivatives, by R. Meldola and M. O. Forster. Meldola's process of preparing dinitro-a-naphthylamine from a acetnaphthalide having been questioned, the authors have re-investigated the method and confirm it in all respects; they give full working details of the process, and show that the same product is obtained by the nitration and subsequent hydrolysis of valeronaphthalide.

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Thionyl bromide, by J. Hartog and W. E. Sims. Thionyl bromide is obtained as a heavy, crimson liquid by the action of sodium bromide on thionyl chloride; its colour is possibly due to impurity. At 150° the bromide decomposes, yielding bromine and sulphur bromides.-Desulphurisation of the substituted thioureas, by A. E. Dixon. The monosubstituted thioureas are

all desulphurised on boiling with an alkaline solution of a lead salt; the same is true of disubstituted thioureas containing benzenoid groups, but not if such groups be absent. The triand probably also the tetra-substituted thioureas are not desulphurised under similar conditions. A number of new thioureas are described.-Salts of active and inactive glyceric acid: the influence of metals on the specific rotatory power of active acids, by P. F. Frankland and J. R. Appleyard. The authors have prepared and analysed a number of salts both of inactive and dextro-glyceric acid; the solubilities and specific rotatory powers are also given. Certain remarkable numerical relations apparently exist between the rotations of many of the salts ; these should have considerable bearing on the vexed question of multiple rotation, and will be discussed after they have been submitted to a more detailed investigation. -Dibromo-8 lapachone, by S. C. Hooker and A. D. Gray. Monobromo-Blapachone cannot be converted into dibromo-B-lapachone by the action of bromine alone; the formation of the latter derivative in the preparation of monobromo-B-lapachone from lapachol, is due to the production and subsequent decomposition of an additive compound of monobromo-derivative and hydrogen bromide. The conversion of para- into ortho-quinone derivatives, by S. C. Hooker. Both in the lapachol and other groups, compounds derived from a naphthaquinone, of the type represented by formula I., are far more readily converted, by the action of acids, into anhydrides derived from B-naphthaquinone (II.) than into anhydrides of the a quinone type (III.).

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and describes their properties.-A method for the preparation of acetylene, by M. W. Travers. Calcium carbide may be prepared by heating a mixture of sodium, gas carbon, and calcium chloride for half an hour at bright redness in an iron bottle. The carbide hus obtained yields acetylene on treatment with water. 240 c.c., half the theoretical quantity, of acetylene is obtained for every gram of sodium used in the preparation of the carbide.

Mathematical Society, February 9.-Mr. A. B. Kempe, F.R.S, President, in the chair.-The following communications were made:-The Harmonics of a Ring, by Mr. W. D. Niven, F.R.S. This paper treats of the potential functions of an anchor ring, and explains how problems to which those functions are applicable may be solved for two coaxal rings. The proposition on which the method depends establishes that the ring harmonics of any degree may be derived from their predecessors of lower degree by simple differentiations with regard to the radius of the dipolar circle of the ring and the distance of a fixed point from the plane of this circle. Ultimately the harmonics depend upon the potential at any point due to a distribution on the circle either uniform or varying as a circular function of the arc. Now the potential due to such distribution on a circle B may readily be expressed in terms of the harmonics pertaining to a coaxal circle A, and hence any harmonic pertaining to B, and therefore any series of such harmonics, may be expressed in a series pertaining to A. In the latter form they are suitable for the application of surface conditions at any ring whose dipolar circle is A. The application worked out in the paper is the problem of the influence of two electrically charged coaxal rings upon one another. It is also shown how the same problem may be solved for a ring and sphere, symmetrically situated as regards the axis.-The group of thirty cubes composed by six differently coloured squares, by Major MacMahon, R.A., F. R.S. Selecting any one of the thirty cubes at pleasure it is possible to select eight of the remaining twenty-nine which in reference to the cube selected have a very peculiar and interesting

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Selected Cube (transformed) diagonal 16 vertica

property. It is possible to form the eight cubes into a single cube in such wise that contiguous faces of the cubes are similarly coloured, and also so that the resulting cube has the appearance of the selected cube in regard to the colouring of its faces. To each cube of the thirty belong in this way eight other cubes, the selection of the eight cubes being unique. For the examination of this property the selected cube is transformed into an octahedron by jining the middle point of each face to the middle points of the adjacent faces; a regular octahedron with six differently coloured summits is thus obtained. Each triangular face is determined by three differently coloured summits, and exactly eight other octahedra are obtained by circular substitutions performed on the three colours which determine a face; in regard to the eight faces there are eight clock-wi-e and eight counter clock-wise substitutions, but only eight different octahedra can be obtained. These give the eight cubes

Upper Four Cuves.

The other solution is obtained by interchanging clock-wise and counter clock-wise rotations of octahedral faces. Other interesting properties of these cubes are examined in the paper.

Geological Society, January 25.-W. H. Hudleston, F.R.S., President, in the chair.-The following communications were read: On inclusions of tertiary granite in the Gabbro of the Cuilin Hills, Skye; and on the products resulting from the partial fusion of the acid by the basic rock, by Prof. J. W. Judd, F.R.S.-Anthracite and bituminous coal-beds an attempt to throw some light upon the manner in which anthracite was formed; or contributions towards the controversy regarding the formation of anthracite, by W. S. Gresley.

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February 8.-W. H. Hudleston, F. R. S., President, in the chair. The following communnications were read: Notes on some coast-sections at the Lizard. By Howard Fox and J. J. H. Teall, F.R.S. In the first part of the paper the authors describe a small portion of the west coast near Ogo Dour, where hornblende-schist and serpentine are exposed. As a result of the detailed mapping of the sloping face of the cliff, coupled with a microscopic examination of the rocks, they have arrived at the conclusion that the serpentine is part and parcel of the foliated series to which the hornblende-schists belong, and that the apparent evidences of intrusion of serpentine into schist in that district are consequences of the folding and faulting to which the rocks have been subjected since the banding was produced. The interlamination of serpentine and schist is described, and also the effects of folding and faulting. Basic dykes, cutting both serpentine and schists, are clearly represented in the portion of the coast which has been mapped, and these locally pass into hornblende-schists, which can, however, be clearly distinguished from the schists of the country. The origin of the foliation in the dykes is discussed. The second part of the paper deals with a small portion of the coast east of the Lion Rock, Kynance. Here a small portion of the "granulitic series" is seen in juxtaposition with serpentine. The phenomena appear to indicate that the granulitic complex was intruded into the serpentine ; but they may possibly be due to the fact that the two sets of rocks have been folded together while the granulitic complex was in a plastic condition, or to the intrusion of the serpentine into the complex while the latter was plastic.-On a radiolarian chert from Mullion Island, by Howard Fox and J. J. H. Teall. The main mass of Mullion Island is composed of a fine-grained "greenstone," which shows a peculiar globular or ellipsoidal structure, due to the presence of numerous curvilinear joints. Flat surfaces of this rock, such as are exposed in many places at the base of the cliff, remind one somewhat of the appearance of a lava of the "pahoehoe" type. The stratified rocks, which form only a very small portion of the island, consist of cherts, shales, and limestone. They occur as thin strips or sheets, and sometimes as detached lenticles within the igneous mass chert occurs in bands varying from a quarter of an inch to several inches in thickness, and is of radiolarian origin. The radiolaria are often clearly recognisable on the weathered surfaces of some of the beads, and the reticulated nature of the test may be observed by simply placing a portion of the weathered surface under the microscope. The authors describe the relations between the sedimentary and igneous rocks, and suggest that the peculiar phenomena may be due either to the injection of igneous material between the layers of the stratified series near the surface of the sea-bed while deposition was going on, or possibly to the flow of a submarine lava. The form of the radiolaria observed in the deposit, and also their mode of preservation, are described in an appendix by Dr. G. J. Hinde.The reading of these papers was followed by a discussion, in which the President, Rev. Edwin Hill, Prof. Bonney, Dr. Hicks, Dr. Hind, and the authors took part.-Note on a radiolarian rock from Fanny Bay, Port Darwin, Australia, by G. J. Hinde. A specimen brought from Fanny Bay by Captain Moore, of H.M.S. Penguin, is of a dull white or yellowish tint, in places stained red. It has an earthy aspect, and is somewhat harder than chalk, but gives no action with hydrochloric acid. Microscopic sections show a fairly transparent ground ass, apparently amorphous silica, containing granules and subangular fragments up to '075 millim, in diameter, some of which appear to be quartz. Besides this, the rock contains numerous raiolaria, and it is really a radiolarian earth intermediate in character between the Barbados earth and such cherts as those of the Ordovician strata of Southern Scotland. The details of the extent of the deposit and its relationship to other rocks of the area are not yet obtainable, though it is possible that a considerable thickness of rock mentioned by Mr. Tenison Woods as occurring in this area may also be of radiolarian origin. The author describes a species of Cenellipsis, two of Astrophacus,

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one of Lithocyclia (new), one of Amphibrachium, three of Spongodiscus (one new), four of Spongolena (all new), two of Dictyomitra (both new), one of Lithocampe (new), and two of Stichocapsa (both new). From these it is not practicable at present to determine the geological horizon of the rock; with one exception, all the genera represented occur from Palæozoic times to the present.-Notes on the geology of the district west of Caermarthen. Compiled from the notes of the late T. Roberts (communicated by Prof. T. McKenny Hughes, F. R. S.). To the east of the district around Haverfordwest, formerly described by the author and another, an anticlinal is found extending towards Caermarthen, The lowest beds discovered in this anticline are the Tetragraptus-beds of Arenig age, which have not hitherto been detected south of the St. David's area. They have yielded eight forms of graptolite, which have been determined by Prof. Lapworth. The higher beds correspond with those previously noticed in the district to the west; they are, in ascending order: (1) Beds with "tuning-fork" Didymograpti, (2) Llandeilo limestone, (3) Dicranograptus-shales, (4) Robeston Wathen and Sholeshook limestones. Details of the geographical distribution of these and of their lithological and paleontological characters are given in the paper. After the reading of this paper Dr. Hicks said he felt sure he was expressing the feelings of the Fellows in referring to the serious loss which the Society had suffered by the death of Mr. T. Roberts, who certainly was one of the most promising palæontologists in this country. The important researches which he carried on, in conjunction with Mr. Marr, had made is now comparatively easy to understand some intricate and extensive districts in Pembrokeshire and Caermarthenshire, which previously were little more than blanks on the geological map.

February 17.- Anniversary Meeting. The medals and funds were awarded as follows:-The Wollaston medal to Prof. N. S. Maskelyne, F. R.S.; Murchison medal to the Rev. O. Fisher; Lyell medal to Mr. E. T. Newton; and the Bigsby medal to Prof. W. J. Sollas, F.R.S.; the balance of the proceeds of the Wollaston fund to Mr. J. G. Goodchild; that of the Murchison fund to Mr. G. J. Williams; and that of the Lyell fund to Miss C. A. Raisin and Mr. A. N. Leeds. The following is the list of officers and council elected at the meeting :-President: W. H. Hudleston, F. R.S. VicePresidents: Sir A. Geikie, F.R.S., G. J. Hinde, Prof. J. W. Judd, F.R.S., H. Wodward, F.R. S. Secretaries: J. E. Marr, F. R.S., J. J. H. Teall, F.R.S. Foreign Secretary: J. W. Hulke, F. K. S. Treasurer: Prof. T. Wiltshire. Prof. J. F. Blake, Prof. T. G. Bonney, F. R. S., R. Etheridge, F. R. S., Sir A. Geikie, F.R. S., Prof. A. H. Green, F. R.S., Alfred Harker, H. Hicks, F. R.S., G. J. Hinde, T. V. Holmes, W. H. Hudleston, F. R.S., J. W. Hulke, F.R. S., Prof. J. W. Judd, F. R.S., R. Lydekker, Lieut.-General C. A. McMahon, J. E. Marr, F.R.S., H. W. Monckton, Clement Reid, F. Rutley, J. J. H. Teall, F. R.S., Prof. T. Wiltshire, Rev. H. H. Winwood, H. Woodward, F.R.S., H. B. Woodward. The presidential address dealt with some recent work of the Geological Society, the subjects ranging over a period of six or seven years. These embraced Pleistocene geology, theories in connection with Glaciation, Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, and PermoTriassic geology. It further mentions that the number of papers on Pleistocene geology has been very considerable, and many of them relate to the south-east and the south of England; those relating to Central England and South Wales were fewer in number, whilst the north had furnished but few papers. great memoir on the Westleton Beds had provided much material for consideration; that portion relating to the Southern Drift being especially interesting. Reference was made to a paper on Pleistocene succession in the Trent basin as forming a fitting introduction to the fascinating problems connected with the North Wales border on the one side and with Flamborough Head on the other. From Scotland notice was taken of some supplementary remarks on the paralled roads of Glen Roy. Speculation as to the evidence of a palæozoic ice age, the date and duration of the Pleistocene glacial period, and a notice on misconceptions regarding the evidence of former glacial periods were also discussed. The Tertiary Geology of the London and Hampshire basins was considered, more especially in relation to the Upper Eocene, Bartons, and their probable equivalents in West Surrey. Under this heading, also, comes the Geology of Barbados, since the oceanic deposits in that island were held to be of late Tertiary age. These interesting discoveries were reviewed

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at some length, and the results compared with tables in the recently issued "Challenger Reports." In Upper Cretaceous Geology the phosphatic deposits at Ciply and Taplow were noticed, and also the important correlations of the basementbeds in Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and East Yorkshire. The Lower Cretaceous beds at Speeton next passed under review, more especially in connection with their somewhat difficult palæontology and possible equivalents in Eastern Europe. It then went on to state that our knowledge of the Upper Jurassics of the East of England had of late years received considerable additions and important correlations between our Upper Jurassics generally, and their equivalent on the Jura had been effected, that the inferior Oolite and the Lias boundary had come in for their share of attention, whilst a determined attempt had been made to refer a portion of the red rocks of South Devon to the Permian.

PARIS.

Academy of Sciences, February 13. —M. de Lacaze-Duthiers in the chair.-On an invariant number in the theory of algebraic surfaces, by M. Emile Picard. -Study of the Cañon Diablo meteorite, by M. Henri Moissan. The composition of the meteorite is very variable from point to point. In the fragments examined the percentage of iron varied from 91'09 to 95'06, and that of nickel from 108 to 7:05. Diamonds were also found, both transparent and black, and a brown form of carbon of feeble density. The largest diamond measured 0.7 mm. by 0.3 mm. It had a yellow tint and a rough surface, and was transparent to light.-On the meteoric iron of Cañon Diablo, by M. C. Friedel. A small quantity of a silver-white fragile compound occurring in the meteorite in the form of plates disseminated through the nickeliferous iron and accompanied by schreibersite, was isolated, and its composition found to correspond to the probable formula Fe,S. The mixtures of ordinary carbon, graphite, and diamond were found chiefly associated with nodules of yellow troilite.-On the presence of graphite, carbonado, and microscopic diamonds in the blue earth of the Cape, by M. Henri Moissan. After repeated and lengthy treatment with boiling sulphuric and hydrofluoric acids, 250 gr. of blue earth left a residue weighing only o'094 mgr. In this residue brilliant hexagonal crystals of graphite were found, giving rise, when treated with potassium chlorate, to a graphitic oxide of a colour passing from green to yellow. Another species of graphite was also isolated which, when treated with H2SO at 200 C., swelled up considerably and dissolved. Its artificial preparation will be described in a subsequent paper. The portions of the residue unaffected by potassium chlorate and heavier than methylene iodide (density 34) comprised an ambercoloured mass, black diamonds, microscopic true diamonds, and small transparent crystals in form of elongated prisms, which did not burn in oxygen and were not fluorescent in violet light. The first, which contains a large proportion of iron, and the last, which contains silica, can be destroyed by treatment with fused potassium bisulphate and then with hydrofluoric and sulphuric acids. The blue earth, which was taken from the Old de Beers Mine, thus contained all the carbon compounds found in the iron matrix employed for their artificial production.—The clasmatocytes, the fixed cellules of the connective tissue, and the pus globules, by M. L. Ranvier. In an inflamed tissue the clasmatocytes and leucocytes are the only ones which give rise to purulent globules, the latter being, in fact, mortified lymphatic cellules.-Glycosic expenditure attendant upon nutritive movement in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia brought about experimentally; consequences bearing upon the immediate cause of diabetes and other deviations of glycemic function, by MM. A. Chauveau and Kaufmann. Observations of Holmes's comet made with the equatorial coudé (0.32 m.) of the Lyon Observatory, by M. G. Le Cadet.— On an explicit form of the addition formulæ of the most general hyperelliptic functions, by M. F. de Salvert.-On the laws of reciprocity and the sub-groups of the arithmetical group, by M. X. Stouff.-Experiments on overflowed weirs, by M. H. Bazin. On the fringes of caustics, by M. J. Macé de Lépinay. -On a phenomenon of apparent reflection at the surface of the clouds, by M. C. Maltézos.-On the electric figures produced at the surface of crystallised bodies, by M. Paul Jannetaz. If the face of a crystal be covered with matter consisting of light and small grains, such as lycopodium seed or talc powder, and an electric discharge passed into the face through a point outside it, certain figures are formed, many of which were investi

gated by Wiedemann and Senarmont. Very regular en were obtained by M. Jannetaz by passing a series of dischar from an electrostatic machine or an induction coil. The or tation of the major axes of the ellipses was observed for a r number of minerals. In most cases this axis was perperi to the direction of maximum conductivity for heat. In the of a well-defined single cleavage, such as that of mica, tai block of wood, the cut edge of a book, or a schistose rock, major axis was perpendicular to the plane of cleavage. T point need not touch the plate. Figures were obtained c plate of gypsum strewn with lycopodium powder, and cha from beneath. Positive and negative sparks show the st effect.-Action of temperature on the rotatory power of li by M. Albert Colson.-Density of nitrogen dioxide, by X. Leduc.-Considerations on the genesis of the diamond, by J. Werth. On the chlorine derivatives of the propylamine the benzylamines, aniline and paratoluidine, by M. A. Beg On dipropylcyanamide and dipropylcarbodiimide, by M Chancel. Survival after section of the two vagi nerves, by i C. Vanlair. On the internal pericycle, by M. Léon Flata modification to be applied to the construction of be designed to collect specimens of deep waters, by M. J. That The compressibility of water is such that ore litre, collecte a depth of 8000 m. below sea-level, would expand by when the bottle was opened at the surface. Such bettles therefore be constructed of thin sheet copper or other t allowing an expansion of thirty-five parts in 10,000.- Las structure in the Winnebago County meteorite and some by Mr. H. A. Newton. On a meteorite observed at Nest.(Connecticut), by Mr. H. A. Newton.

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DIARY OF SOCIETIES.

LONDON.

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 23.

ROYAL SOCIETY, at 4.30.-On the Mimetic Forms of certain Butterflies of the Genus Hypolimnas: Colonel Swinhoe.-The Har Dalam Cavern. Malta, and its Fossiliferous Contents: J. H. Cooke-The Action of Gravity upon Bacterium Zopfii: R. Boyce and A. E. Evans.-On Dischidia Rafflesiana: P. Groom.

INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, at 8.-Note on Testing Alternators: W. M. Mordey.

ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 3.-The Factors of Organic Evolution: Prof. Patrick Geddes.

LONDON INSTITUTION, at 6.-The Present State of the Morocco Empire: Donald Mackenzie.

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 24.

PHYSICAL SOCIETY. at 5.-A Handy Focometer: Prof. J. D. Everett, F.R.S.-Plane and Spherical Sound Waves: Dr. C. V. Burton.-Motion of a Perforated Solid in a Fluid: G. H. Bryan.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, at 7.30.-On the Methods usually adopted in Devon and Cornwall for Dressing China-Clay and Tin-Ore: R. Hansford Worth.

ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 9.-Electrical Railways: Dr. Edward Hopkin

son.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25.

ROVAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, at 3.45

ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 3.-Sound and Vibrations: The Right Hon. Lord Rayleigh, F.R.S.

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 26.

SUNDAY LECTURE SOCIETY, at 4.-How I Escaped to Freedom from Siberia: Felix Volkhovsky.

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 27.

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, at 8.30 (at the University of London Burlington Gardens, W.)-Journeys in Eastern Tibet: W. Woodville Rockhill.

INSTITUTE OF ACTUARIES, at 7-On the Progress of Profit in a Life Assurance Fund: T. J. Searle.

LONDON INSTITUTION, at 5.-Bacteria: their Nature and Function (Illustrated): Dr. Klein, F.R.S.

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 28.

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, at 8.30.-On some Miocene Squirrels, with Remarks on the Dentition and Classification of the Sciurinæ in General: Dr. C. J. Forsyth-Major.-Observations on the Development of the Cetacean Genus Mesoplodon, with Remarks on some of the Species: Henry O. Forbes.-On the Brain of the African Elephant: F. E. Beddard, F. R.S. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, at 8.- Electrical Railways: Dr. Edward Hopkinson. (Discussion.)-On Plant for Harbour and Sea Works: Walter Pitt.

ROVAL INSTITUTION, at 3.-The Functions of the Cerebellum, and the Elementary Principles of Psycho-Physiology: Prof. Victor Horsley, F.R.S.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 1.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, at 4-Students' Visit to the Houses of Parliament, to inspect the Clock Tower and the Ventilating and Lighting Arrangements.

THURSDAY, MARCH 2.

LINNEAN SOCIETY. at 8.-On the Flora of the Eastern Coast of the Malay Peninsula: H. N. Ridley.-On the Behring Sea Islands and their Flora: J. M. Macoun.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY. at 8.-Notes on Optical Properties as Indicative of Structure (postponed): H. E. Armstrong.-The Ethereal Salts of Active and Inactive Glyceric Acid: P. Frankland and J. MacGregor.-Limits of Accuracy of Gold-bullion Assay and the Losses of Gold Incidental to it. The Volatilisation of Gold: T. R. Rose.-The Interaction of AlkaliCellulose and Carbon Disulphide, Cellulose Thiocarbonates: C. F. Cross, E. J. Bevan. and C. Beadle.-A New Atomic Diagram and Periodic Table of the Elements.

ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 3.-The Factors of Organic Evolution: Prof. Patrick Geddes.

LONDON INSTITUTION, at 7.-The Rightful Position of England as a Musical Nation (Illustrated): William H. Cummings.

FRIDAY, MARCH 3.

GEOLOGISTS' ASSOCIATION, at 8.-Schists and Metamorphism (Illustrated by the Oxy-hydrogen Lantern): George Barrow.

ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 9.-Sculpture, considered apart from Archæology: George Simonds.

SATURDAY, MARCH 4.

ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 3-Sound and Vibrations: The Right Hon. Lord Rayleigh, F.R.S.

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See "ENGINEERING," July 18, 1890.
Shown before the Royal Institution.

CURATIVE SPECTACLES

FOR UNEASY SIGHTS.

MR. A. FOURNET (The Inventor),

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Consultation Fee, 5s.

Spectacles, Steel Frames, from 75. 6a.

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