need not necessarily be alternations of transparency and opacity in order to produce the desired effect. Very close contact between the film and the grating is essential.-On atmospheric polarisation, by M. A. Hurion.-Researches on the higher alcohols and other impurities in vinic alcohol, by M. Emile Gossart. On the general relations which exist between the coefficients in the fundamental laws of electricity and magnetism, by M. E. Mercadier. On the reflection of electric waves at the end of a linear conductor, by M. Birkeland.-Multiplication of the number of periods of sinusoidal currents, by M. Désiré Korda.On the hygroscopic properties of several textile fabrics, by M. Th. Schloesing fils. Contribution to the study of the Leclanché cell, by M. A. Ditte.-Attempt at a general method of chemical synthesis; formation of nitrogen compounds, by M. Raoul Pictet. -On the stereochemistry of the malic compounds, and the variation of the rotatory power of liquids, by M. Albert Colson. -On a chlorobromide of iron, by M. Lenormand.-On the saccharates of lime, by M. Petit.-On a new soluble ferment doubling trehalose into glucose, by M. Ém. Bourquelot.-On the circulatory apparatus of Mygale Camentaria, Walck, by M. Marcel Causard.-Influence of the pressure of gases upon the development of vegetables, by M. Paul Jaccard.-On the ammonite layers of the inferior Malm in the county of Montejunta, Portugal; little known phases in the development of the mollusca, by M. Paul Choffat.-On the mode of reproduction of the parasites of cancer, by MM. Armand Ruffer and H. G. Plimmer.-M. Lippmann presented to the Academy, in the names of MM. Auguste and Louis Lumière, coloured photographs obtained by the interference method. BERLIN. Physical Society, March 10.-Prof. Kundt, President, in the chair.-The President gave an account of some researches undertaken as an introduction to the study of Hall's phenomenon. As is well known, this is directly proportional to the intensity of the primary current, but inversely proportional to the pressure of the plates; on the other hand, it is not strictly proportional to the magnetising current in the case of the several metals so far examined, and it appeared probable that it might more possibly be proportional rather to the magnetisation of the plate. Prof. Kundt wished to test this possibility in the case of iron, nickel, and cobalt, employing transparent metallic films of these metals magnetised to 28,000 units, whose magnetisation could be tested directly by means of their rotatory power. It was found that the Hall effect increased hand in hand with the increase of rotatory power, and therefore proportionally to the magnetisation of the plates. The effect was, as Hall had already shown, positive in the case of iron and cobalt, negative in that of nickel. Bismuth deposited electrolytically in a transparent film gave very feeble or no results, whereas, when drawn out into a thin plate the effect was considerable.-Dr. Wren spoke on Maxwell's proposition that waves of light exert pressure in the direction of their transmission, as proved in a certain case by Boltzmann. He deduced, under certain assumptions, a formula for the calculation of temperature based upon a determination of maximal energy. AMSTERDAM. Royal Academy of Sciences, March 25.-Prof. van de Sande Bakhuysen in the chair.-Mr. Pekelharing spoke of the peptone of Kühne. Some years ago he argued there was not a real difference between the substances called peptone, and the substance called propeptone or hemialbumose. The researches of Kühne and his disciples afterwards proved that what was called peptone by Schmidt-Mülheim and by Salkowski, contained albumose. But it was not proved by Kühne that the substance called by himself peptone was really free from albumose. Out of a solution of Kühne's peptone, saturated with ammoniumsulphate, there can be precipitated by metaphosphoric acid, and more fully by trichloracetic acid, a substance which has the properties of albumose. It gives the biuretreaction, it is precipitated, the reaction may be acid, neutral, or alkaline, by ammoniumsulphate, it is precipitated by picrinic acid, and, in acid solution, by saturation with natriumchlorid. So it is clear that there is no ground for believing with Kühne that the substance called by him peptone is a substance sui generis, and not an impure albumo e.-Mr. Bakhuis Roozeboom dealt with the cryohydrates in systems of two salts. Three cases are to be considered. The first is that the two salts may exist without combination. Then there is a cryohydratic point in which the two salts A and B exist with ice next the solution. This point is a minimum temperature. Besides, there are two cryohydratic lines, representing the series of solutions which may exist with ice and A or ice and B as solids. In the other cases when A and B form a double salt D, there are two cryohydratic points, one for the solution in equilibrium with ice+D+A, the other for ice + D + B; and three cryohydratic lines for the solutions in equilibrium with ice + D, ice + A, ice + B. When the double salt is soluble without decomposition, the two cryohydratic points are both minimum temperatures, and therefore there must exist a maximum temperature on the line for ice + D; this maximum relates to the solution which presents the same relation A/B as in the double salt. All these conclusions may be deduced from thermoe dynamical rules; they were confirmed in experimental research by Mr. Schreinemakers. BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, and SERIALS RECEIVED. BOOKS.-Carlsbad, a Medico-Practical Guide: Dr. E. Kleen (Putnam).— Louis Agassiz, his Life and Work: Dr. Holder (Putnam).-Die Natürliche Auslese beim Menschen: O. Ammon (Jena, Fischer)-Public Health Laboratory Work H. R. Kenwood (Lewis).-Annual Statement of Works carried out by Public Works Department (Sydney, Potter). - The Principles of Agriculture: G.Fletcher (Derby, Central Educational Company). - Science et Religion: T. H. Huxley (Paris, Bailllère).-Au Bord de la Mer : Dr. E. L. Trouessart (Paris, Baillière).-Conférences Scientifiques et Allocutions-Constitution de la Matère: Lord Kelvin. Traduites et Annotées sur la Deuxième Edition: P. Lugol and M. Brillouin (Paris, Gauthier. Villars). Premiers Principes d'Électricité Industrielle: P. Janet (Paris, Gauthier-Villars).-The Great Barrier Reef of Australia: W. Saville-Kent (W. H. Allen). PAMPHLETS.-Meteorological Results deduced from Observations taken at the Liverpool Observatory during the Years 1889, 1890 1891 (Liverpool). --On the Effects of Urban Fog upon Cltivated Plants: Prof. F. W. Óliver (Spottiswoode).-The Fundamental Hypotheses of Abstract Dynamics: Prot. J. G. MacGregor.-II Clima di Torino: G. B Rizzo (Torino, Clausen).— On the Application of Interference Methods to Spectroscopic Measurements: A. A. Michelson (Washington, Smithsonian Institution).-Recreation: W. Odell (Torquay, Iredale). SERIALS. Journal of the Chemical Society, April (Gurney and Jackson). Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Band vini No. 1 (Wien, Holder).-Timehri, No. xxii. (Stanford) -Notes from the Leyden Museum, vol. xv. No. 2(Leyden, Brill).-L'Anthropologie, tome iv. No. 1 (Paris, Masson). Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, April (Williams and Norgate).-The Asclepiad, No. 37. vol. x. (Longmans).-Records of the Geological Survey of India, vol. xxvi. Part 1 (Calcutta). Now Ready. CCV Super-royal to, with 16 Chromo Plates, and 48 Plates in Photomezzotype. £4 45. net. THE GREAT BARRIER REEF OF AUSTRALIA: ITS PRODUCTS AND POTENTIALITIES. Containing an Account, with Copious Coloured and Photographic Illustrations (the latter here produced for the first time), of the CORALS and CORAL REEFS, PEARL and PEARLSHELL, BECHE-DE-MER, other FISHING INDUSTRIES, and the MARINE FAUNA of the AUSTRALIAN GREAT BARRIER REGION. BY W. SAVILLE-KENT, F. L. S., F. Z. S., F. I. Inst., &c., Author of "A Manual of the Infusoria." The Great Barrier Reef of Australia, represented by a vast rampart of coral origin, extending for no less a length than twelve hundred miles from Torres Straits to Lady Elliot Island on the Queensland coast, takes rank among the most notable of the existing wonders of the world. the direct and indirect agency of soft-fleshed polyps of multitudinous form Built up by and colour, it encloses betwixt its outer border and the adjacent mainland a tranquil ocean highway for vessels of the heaviest draught. To the naturalist, and more particularly to the marine biologist, the entire Barrier area is a perfect Eldorado, its prolific waters teeming with animal organisms of myriad form and hue representative of every marine zoological group. The author's qualifications for the task he undertakes are emphasised through the circumstance of his having been occupied for the past eight years as Inspector and Commissioner of Fisheries to various of the Australian Colonies, the three later years having been devoted more exclusively to investigating and reporting to the Queensland Government upon the fishery products of the Great Barrier District. A prominent feature in this work will consist of photographic views of coral reefs of various construction and from diverse selected localities, together with similar and also coloured illustrations and descriptions of the living corolla, coral polyps, and other marine organisms commonly associated on the reefs. These photographic illustrations taken by the author are. from both a scientific and an artistic standpoint, of high intrinsic merit and also unique in character, representing, in point of fact, the first occasion on which the camera has been employed for the systematic delineation of these subjects. London: W. H. ALLEN & CO., LTD., 13 Waterloo Place, Publishers to the India Office. SCIENCE INSTRUMENTS. An Illustrated, Priced, and Descriptive Catalogue of the Instruments of Science which are used in teaching and demonstrating every branch of Physical Science, as well as of the Instruments which are used in Original Research and in the applications of Science to Technical Industries and Pursuits. PRICE TO NON-CUSTOMERS, 2s. 6d. POST FREE. BRADY & MARTIN, NORTHUMBERLAND ROAD & 29 MOSLEY STREET. Newcastle-on-Tyne. PARTNERS N. H. MARTIN, C. E. STUART, B. Sc., H. SPARGO, A.Sc., F.I.C. Instrument Company, Cambridge. Address all communications "Instrument Company, Cambridge." Price List of Scientific Instruments, sent post free. Illustrated Descriptive List sent on receipt of 18. 6d. The Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company, St. Tibb's Row, Cambridge. Students and Practitioners. By A. DIARY OF SOCIETIES. LONDON. THURSDAY, APRIL 27. ROYAL SOCIETY, at 4.30.-On the Results of an Examination of the FRIDAY, APRIL 28. PHYSICAL SOCIETY, at 5.- Experiments on the Viscosity of Liquids: Prof. at 7.30.-Fire-Risks of Electric ROVAL INSTITUTION, at 9.-The Transmission of a Nervous Impulse: Prof. SATURDAY, APRIL 29. ESSEX FIELD CLUB (at Ilford), at 7-On Mimicry in Lepidoptera and the MONDAY, MAY 1. SOCIETY OF ARTS, at 8.-Some Masters of Ornament: Lewis Foreman SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, at 8.-The Gassification of Coal and VICTORIA INSTITUTE, at 8.-Egyptian Conquests in Syria: M. Maspero. TUESDAY, MAY 2. SOCIETY OF ARTS, at 8.-Russian Industrial Art: E. Delmar Morgan. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, at 8.-Monthly Ballot for Members. ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 3.-Modern Society in China: Prof. R. K. WEDNESDAY, MAY 3- THURSDAY, MAY 4. ROYAL SOCIETY, at 4.30. CHEMICAL SOCIETY, at 8.-Ballot for the Election of Fellows.-Hydrates INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, at 8.-The First James Forrest Lec. ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 3.-The Atmosphere: Prof. Dewar, F.R.S. FRIDAY, MAY 5. CHEMICAL SOCIETY, at 8-Hofmann Memorial Meeting-Address by Right ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 9.-Fogs, Clouds, and Lightning: Shelford Bid- SATURDAY, MAY 6. ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 3.-Johnson and Milton: Dr. Henry Craik, C.B. Now Ready, Profusely Illustrated, Price 7s. 6d. PEDDIE'S UNIVERSITY MANUAL OF PHYSICS. London: Baillière, Tindall, & Cox, King William Street, Strand NEW WORK BY PROFESSOR MILNES MARSHALL. VERTF BRATE EMBRYOLOGY. London: SMITH, ELDER, & CO., 15 Waterloo Place. MINERALOGY. SAMUEL HENSON, 97 REGENT STREET, LONDON, W. ESTABLISHED 1840. Late 277 STRAND Choice Mineral Specimens, Gem Stones, Carved Opals, Polished Agates, Rock Crystal Balls, Fossils, Rocks, and Rock Sections. LATEST ARRIVALS. Mr. HENSON has just received some good Groups of Japanese Stibnite, interesting Quartz Crystals inclosing Rutile and other Substances, and a Very Fine Rock Crystal Ball, 4 inches diameter, perfectly free from flaws, small Crystal Balls, with inclosures, Rock Crystal Carvings. &c., &c.; Crystallised Hydrargillite, Bertrandite, Polybasite, Diamonds, Chalcotrichite, Arizona, Yellow Terminated Beryls, Geikielite, and Yttrotantalite. Diatomaceous Earth from Hakodati Japan. F. H. BUTLER, M.A. Oxon., Assoc. R. S. Mines. NATURAL HISTORY AGENCY, 158 BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON. Dealer in Rocks, Minerals, Fossils, and other Objects of Scientific Interest. Collections of Rocks, Minerals, Fossils, or Recent Shells furnished in accordance with special requirements. SCHOOL COLLECTIONS of Sedimentary and Igneous Rocks, 35 specimens of fair size in case with divisions, LIVING SPECIMENS FOR THE Volvox globator, Epistylis flavicans, Stentor coeruleus, Spongilla fluviatilis, Brachionus pala, young Colonies of Cristatella mucedo, and other beautiful objects. Amoeba, Hydra, Vaucheria, and other types (Animal and Vegetable) for Students. Specimen Tube, with Drawing and Description. One Shilling, Post Free. T. E. BOLTON, FARLEY ROAD, MALVERN LINK. THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY Price Sixpence, Monthly. Edited by C. G. BARRETT, G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.. J. W. DOUGLAS LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. This Magazine, commenced in 1864, contains standard articles and notes on all subjects connected with Entomology, and especially on the Insects of the British Isles. Subscription-Six Shillings per Annum, post free. London: GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst's Successors), N. 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WATSON & SONS' VAN HEURCK MICROSCOPE WATSON & SON'S perfected form of FINE ADJUST- FRY'S Pure Concentrated COCOA 60 Prize Medals Awarded to the Firm. BE CAREFUL TO ASK FOR FRY'S PURE CONCENTRATED COCOA. PERKEN, SON, AND RAYMENT, WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE. "OPTIMUS" UBIQUE CAMERA. Carries six dry plates. Three dark slides, Focussing Screen, View Finder, Shutter, &c. Pictures 4 by 34 inches. May be used on Tripod or in hand. IT IS SENT POST FREE. MANUFACTURERS. 33 OPTIMUS" PERKEN, SON, & RAYMENT, 99 HATTON GARDEN, LONDON. Printed by RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, at 7 and 8 Bread Street Hill, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, and Published by MACMILLAN AND Co., at 29 Bedford Street, London. W.C., and 112 Fourth Avenue, New York.-THURSDAY, April 27, 1893 |