same manner; but as it is required to hoist the mainsail up and down, it is furnished with a double block near where it joins the mast on the upper side, and two single blocks-one near the centre, and the other between that and the end of the yard; also a small block at the extreme end downwards.

The Main-sail Halliards (p) pass from a double block at the bottom of the main-mast head through another double block in the gaff, and from the upper again to the deck.

Peak Halliards (c c). These hoist up the upper end (cc). of the gaff and main-sail; they first pass from the third block below the head of the main-mast, coming through the inner block on the gaff, up again, and through the same block above, down through the outer block on the gaff, and up again through the second block on the main-mast head.

Jib Halliards (g). A block with a hook is attached to a ring in the upper corner of the jib, through which passes a rope travelling from a block just in front of the cross-trees, and through these to the deck.

Fore-sail Halliards (h) are secured to the fore-sail in the same manner as the jib, and also hoisted by two blocks; the upper one attached just below the cross

trees.

Jib Top-sail Halliards (q). A single rope passes from the upper corner of the sail through a small block in front of the top-mast head down to the deck.

Gaff Top-sail Halliards (r) pass through a block in the top of the mast, and down to the deck.

Half Top-sail Halliards (s) also pass through a hole in the top-mast, or through a small block there, and down to the deck.

Square-sail Halliards (t) are three in number; one passes from the centre of the yard up through a block under the front of the cross-trees and down to the deck; two others are hooked to each of the upper corners of the square-sail, passing through holes in each end of the yard; they travel through blocks secured to the upper main-rigging just below the cross-trees.

THE SAILS (fig. 26).

In all ships the sails are made of stout canvas, sewn together in long strips; a rope is likewise sewn all round the outer side, to give them additional strength. For your little yacht white calico will best answer your

purpose.

The Main-sail (A) is the largest; the upper portion is laced through a series of small holes to the gaff;

being securely fastened at each end, it is attached to the mast by hoops which travel up and down.

The Storm Main-sail (B) is made in the same way, only smaller altogether.

The Fore-sail (c), like the main-sail, is attached to

hoops which travel up and down the fore-stay, and is hoisted up by blocks placed under the cross-trees.

The Jib (D) is a sail on the bowsprit; the lower end is hooked to a ring called a traveller, and hoisted up by blocks at the upper corners to others above the cross-trees.

Storm Jibs (E, F, G, and H) are made the same as the jib, but smaller in proportion.

Jib Top-sail (1); same shape as jib, but also smaller; it is laced to the fore-top-mast stay, and hoisted up to the top-mast head, the front corner being secured by a rope passing through a small block at the end of the bowsprit, and from there to the deck.

Square-sail (), hoisted up by a block in the centre, passing through or under the cross-trees, and down to the deck, and one at each of the upper corners, through the ends of the yard, to the main-mast head or top of main-rigging, and down to the deck.

Half Top-sail (K), hoisted up to the top-mast head, the outer lower corner passing through a hole at the end of the yard, and again through another block under the centre of the yard, and down to the deck; the inner lower corner of this sail is also brought down on deck.

Gaff Top-sail (L), also hoisted up to top-mast head, the outer corner passing through a block or hole at the

extreme end of the gaff, passing under it to another block near the mast, and down to the deck; the inner lower corner also passes straight down by the mast.

Reefs. A series of short cords for the purpose of tying in a portion of the sails; they are generally three rows in the main-sail and one in the fore-sail of yachts; none of the other sails have any.

Reef-tackle. These are ropes to haul out the ends of the respective reefs to the main-boom, while they are being secured.

Sheets. Used to regulate the angle at which the sails have to be set to the wind, in cutters.

Main-sheet is reeved through double blocks; one is attached to the main-boom, and the other to a "horse" or iron rod on deck.

Fore-sheet. This also travels on an iron rod to either side of the vessel.

Jib-sheets. This sail has two-one on each side. Gaff Top-sail-sheet is reeved through a sheeve at extreme end of the boom.

Half Top-sail-sheet passes through a block at the end of the yard; through another block below the centre of the yard, and down to the deck.

Jib Top-sail-sheets. This sail, like the jib, has two sheets-one on the port, and one on the starboard side.