months he would have peace. When the armistice took place, he publicly exulted in the approaching realization of his boast, which was repeated with increased confidence. But let us ask, what have been the results of his pretended decisive victories of Lutzen and Bautzen, and of the armistice itself? They have led, not to a peace advantageous and honourable to his power and his name, but to hos tilities on a larger scale; a scale that embraces all Europe. They have acquired him no fresh suppor ter, but have added to the list of his enemies a power bound to him closely by the ties of blood, and yet compelled, by his unrelenting ambition, to, rend them asunder; a power curtailed indeed in territo ry, and weakened in population, by the disasters of former wars, but entering into the present with renovated means, and a spirit that adds to their efficiency.

The denouncement of the armistice was officially notified by a letter from general in chief Barclay de Tolly to the prince of Neufchatel; and that hostilities would commence on the 5th (17th) of August, on the part of the Russian, Prussian, and Swedish armies.

The crown prince of Sweden, having received formal intimation of the denunciation of the armistice, and of the attendant Austrian declaration of war against France, put his army in full motion, and concentrated not less than 90,000 men between Berlin and Spandau. He had previously addressed to the combined army under his orders the following proclamation:

"Soldiers,-called by the confidence of my king, and of the sovereigns his allies, to lead you in the career which is about to open, I rely, for the success of our arms, on the divine protection, the justice of our cause, and on your valour and perseverance. Had it not been for the extraordinary concurrence

of events which have given to the last twelve years a dreadful celebrity, you would not have been assembled on the soil of Germany; but your sovereigns have felt that Europe is a great family, and that none of the states of which it is composed can remain indifferent to the evils imposed upon any one of its members by a conquering power. They are also convinced that, when such a power threatens to attack and subjugate every other, there ought to exist only one will among those nations which are determined to escape from shame and slavery. From that moment you were called from the banks of the Wolga and the Don, from the shores of Britain, and the mountains of the north, to unite with the German warriors who defend the cause of Europe. This then is the moment when rivalry, national prejudices, and antipathies, ought to disappear before the grand object of the independence of nations. The emperor Napoleon cannot live in peace with Europe, unless Europe be his slave. His presumption carried 400,000 brave men 700 miles from their country : misfortunes, against which he did not deign to provide, fell upon their heads, and 300,000 Frenchmen perished on the territory of a great empire, the sovereign of which had made every effort to preserve peace with France. It was to be expected that this terrible disaster, the effect of divine vengeance, would have inclined the emperor of France to a less murderous system; and that, instructed at last by the example of the North and of Spain, he would have renounced the idea of subjugating the continent, and have consented to let the world be at peace. But this hope has been disappointed; and that peace which all governments had desired, and which every government proposed, has been rejected by the emperor Napoleon.-Soldiers! It is to arms then we must have recourse, to conquer repose and independence. The same sentiment which guided

the French in 1792, and which prompted them to assemble and to combat the armies which entered their territory, ought to animate your valour against those who, after having invaded the land which gave you birth, still hold in chains your brethren, your wives, and your children.-Soldiers! what a noble prospect is presented to you! the liberty of Europe, the re-establishment of its equilibrium, the end of that convulsive state which has had twenty years' duration; finally, the peace of the world, will be the result of your efforts. Render yourselves worthy, by your union, your discipline, and your courage, of the high destiny which awaits you.

"From my head-quarters at Oranienburg, Aug. 15, 1813."

The following order of the day was issued by the prince of Schwartzenberg on the 17th August, setting forth the grounds on which Austria had been induced to go to war :

"The great day is arrived! Brave warriors! our country relies on you. Hitherto every time that she called upon you, you justified her confidence. All the endeavours of our emperor to restore the long-wanted peace to Europe, and to fix the peace and welfare of the empire, which is inseparable from the peace and welfare of our neighbours, on a solid basis, were in vain. Neither constant patience, nor pacific representations, nor the confidential reliance of the other belligerent powers on the emperor's councils and measures; in short, nothing could bring the minds of the French government to moderation and reason. On that day on which Austria loudly declared herself for the cause of justice and order, she likewise took on herself to combat for the great

est of all blessings. We do not singly undertake this combat. We stand in the same ranks with all that Europe has to oppose of greatness and activity against the powerful opponent of her peace and liberty. Austria, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, England, Spain, all join their united endeavours for the same end, for a well-founded and durable peace, a reasonable distribution of strength among the different states, and the independence of every single power. It is not against France, but against the domineering power of Faance out of her own borders, that this great alliance has raised itself.-What may be performed, by the resolution and constancy of nations, has been proved to us by Spain and Russia; what may be performed, by the united force of so many powerful states, will be shewn in the year 1813!În such a holy war we must, more than ever, preserve those virtues by which our armies have rendered themselves conspicuous in so many former wars.-Unconditional willingness to sacrifice every thing for our monarch and native country-great equanimity in good or unfavourable times-determination and constancy in, the field of battle-moderation and forbearance towards the weak-these qualities must always be found in us.

"Brothers in arms! I have lived in your ranks all those years which I have devoted to my country's service. I know, I honour, in you, the brave men who conquered a glorious peace, and those who are following their footsteps. I rely on you! I am chosen from amongst you by our monarch, and his gracious favour has placed me at your head. His confidence jointly with yours is my strength. In what manner every individual is to be useful to the whole, will be fixed by the sphere of action allotted to him; but in every appointment, in every situation, in every decisive moment, always to do his duty, and to the utmost of his power; such is the determination

which must make us all equal, and elevate us all to the same glorious point. The emperor will remain with us, for he has confided the utmost to us, the honour of the nation; the protection of our native country, and the security and welfare of posterity. Be thankful, warriors, that you are going into battle before God, who will not forsake the just cause, under the eye of a paternal and feeling monarch, under the eyes of your grateful fellow-citizens, and in the sight of all Europe, which expects from you great deeds, and great happiness after long sufferings. Remember, you must conquer, that you may justify this expectation. Combat as it becomes Austria's warriors to do, and you will conquer.

(Signed)

CHARLES, prince of Schwartzenberg, field-marshal."

Nothing but skirmishing had taken place down to the 18th August inclusive (the date of the crown prince's third bulletin,) in the whole of which the enemy were worsted, and lost several prisoners. A circumstance of importance is mentioned by his highness in this bulletin,-it is the defection, on the 15th August, of one of Bonaparte's generals, who has afforded the beneficial example of leaving the despot to his falling fortunes, and repairing to the standard of the cause of independence and of hu manity. His name is Jomini, and he was no less an officer than the chief of marshal Ney's staff. He passed through general Blucher's army, on his way to the Russian head-quarters.

The fourth and fifth bulletins of the crown prince state, that Napoleon having concentrated, on the 21st August, an army of 80,000 men in the environs of Bayreuth, under the command of Oudinot, to make an attempt on Berlin, they advanced by way of Trebbin, on the day following attacked the Prus