that the city might not be utterly destroyed. The grand work was now nearly accomplished. Obstinately as the French in general defended themselves, they were, nevertheless, unable to withstand the iron masses of their assailants. They were overthrown in all quarters, and driven out of the place. The streets, especially in the suburbs, were strewed with dead. The author often counted eight in a very small space. In about an hour you might venture abroad without danger in all parts of the town. But what sights now met the eye! Leipsig, including the suburbs, cannot occupy an area of much less than one (German) square mile. In this extent there was scarcely a spot not covered with houses but bore evidence of the sanguinary conflict. The ground was covered with carcasses, and the horses were particularly numerous. The nearer you ap proached to the Ranstädt gate, the thicker lay the dead bodies. The Ranstädt causeway, which is crossed by what is called the Mühlgraben (mill-dam), exhibited a spectacle peculiarly horrid. Men and horses were every where to be seen; driven into the water, they had found their grave in it, and projected in hideous groups above its surface. Here the storming columns from all the gates, guided by the fleeing foe, had for the most part united, and had found a sure mark for every shot in the closelycrowded masses of the enemy. But the most dreadful sight of all was that which presented itself in the beautiful Richter's garden, once the ornament of the city, on that side where it joins the Elster. There the cavalry must have been engaged; at least I there saw a great number of French cuirasses lying about. All along the bank, heads, arms, and feet, appeared above the water. Numbers, in attempting to ford the treacherous river, had here perished. People were just then engaged in collecting the arms that had been thrown away by the fu

gitives, and they had already formed a pile of them far exceeding the height of a man.

"The smoking ruins of whole villages and towns, or extensive tracts laid waste by inundations, exhibit a melancholy spectacle; but a field of battle is assuredly the most shocking sight that eye can ever behold. Here all kinds of horrors are united; here Death reaps his richest harvest, and revels amid a thousand different forms of human suffering. The whole area has of itself a peculiar and repulsive physiognomy, resulting from such a variety of heterogeneous objects as are no where else found toge ther. The relics of torches, the littered and trampled straw, the bones and flesh of slaughtered animals, broken plates, a thousand articles of leather, tattered cartouch-boxes, old rags, clothes thrown away, all kinds of harness, broken muskets, shatter. ed waggons and carts, weapons of all sorts, thou sands of dead and dying, horribly mangled bodies of men and horses, and all these intermingled!I shudder whenever I recall to memory this scene, which, for the world, I would not again behold. Such, however, was the spectacle that presented itself in all directions; so that a person, who had before seen the beautiful environs of Leipsig, would not have known them again in their present state. Barriers, gardens, parks, hedges, and walks, were alike destroyed and swept away. These devastations were not the consequence of this day's engage. ment, but of the previous bivouacking of the French, who were now so habituated to conduct themselves in such a manner that their bivouacs never fail to exhibit the most deplorable attestations of their presence, as to admit no hopes of a change. The ap pearance of Richter's garden was a fair specimen of the aspect of all the others. Among these the beau tiful one of Löhr was particularly remarkable. Here French artillery had been stationed towards Gönlis;

and here both horses and men had suffered most severely. The magnificent buildings, in the Grecian style, seemed mournfully to overlook their late agreeable, now devastated, groves, enlivened in spring by the warbling of hundreds of nightingales, but where now nothing was to be heard, save the loud groans of the dying. The dark alleys, summer-houses, and arbours, so often resorted to for recreation, social pleasures, or silent meditation, were now the haunts of death, the abode of agony and despair. The gardens, so late a paradise, were transformed into the seat of corruption and pestilential putridity. A similar spectacle was exhibited by Grosbosch's, Reichel's, and all the other spacious gardens round the city, which the allies had been obliged to storm.-The buildings which had suffered most were those at the outer gates of the city. These were the habitations of the excise and other officers stationed at the gates. Most of them were so perforated as rather to resemble large cages, which you may see through, than solid walls. All this, however, though more than a thousand balls must have been fired at the city, bore no comparison to the mischiefs which might have ensued, and which we had every reason to apprehend. We now looked forward to a happier futurity; the commerce of Leipsig will revive; and the activity, industry, and good taste of its inhabitants, will, doubt. less, ere long, call forth from these ruins a new and more beautiful creation."

CHAP. XXIII.

Holland liberates herself, and invites back the Prince of Orange.-Orange Boven!-Bavarian Declaration.Swiss Confederation.-Proclamation of the Spanish General Giron to the French.-Address to the Inhabitants of the Italian and Illyrian Quarter of the Tyrol. -Proclamation of the Prince Regent of England.Proclamation from Amsterdam.—Proclamation of his Serene Highness the Prince of Orange and Nassau. -Proclamation to the Netherlands.

ALTHOUGH the remains of the French army were incessantly pursued to the banks of the Rhine by the light troops of the allies, yet the main body, under the command of prince Schwartzenberg, was obliged to move more slowly, in consequence of the bad state of the roads, and the artillery which they brought with them. But it was not necessary that the troops of the allies should make their appearance in those countries, which had so long endured the miseries of French subjugation, to free them from their invaders: the defence of France called for all the troops which still remained beyond the old frontiers; and the sentiments and feelings of the conquered countries, which had so long been kept down by their presence, being now unchecked, spontaneously burst forth in favour of their legiti mate governments.

Holland, which had so long groaned under French tyranny; which, from the peculiar nature of the country, and the dispositions and habits of its people, had suffered more from the continental system than any other part of Europe, set the example of liberating itself from its oppressors. All at once, and, there is reason to believe, most unexpectedly, both to the governments of Great Britain and France, on the 15th of November an insurrection

broke out in Amsterdam, where the people rose in a body, proclaiming the house of Orange, with the old cry of Orange boven, and universally putting up the orange cockade. The example of the inhabitants of Amsterdam was immediately followed by those of the other towns in the provinces of Holland and Utrecht; the French authorities were dismissed; a provisional government formed, from which two deputies were sent to the prince of Orange in this country; and the following laconic and emphatic address to the Dutch was circulated:

"Orange boven! Holland is free-the allies advance upon Utrecht-the English are invited-the French fly on all sides-the sea is open-trade revives-party spirit has ceased-what has been suffered is forgiven and forgotten-men of consequence and consideration are called to the government-the government invites the prince to the sovereigntywe join the allies, and force the enemy to sue for peace the people are to have a day of rejoicing at the public expence, without being allowed to plunder or to commit any excess-every one renders thanks to God-old times are returned-Orange boven!"

The prince of Orange lost no time in going over to Holland; and the ministry of Great Britain nobly seconded him in his purpose of completely liberating his country. The parliament had been summoned to meet at an earlier period than usual, partly in consequence of the very critical state in which the affairs of the continent were placed, and partly because the ministry were in need of money. During this short session there was more coincidence of opinion and feeling among all parties, (or, to speak more correctly, all appearance of party was lost,) than in any former parliament. Lord Grenville particularly distinguished himself by the frank and noble manner in which he gave his commendation