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The council was brought over by this harangue; but the King was fo much enraged, as to demand the feals from Pitt, and to difmifs him from his fervice. The novelty of the affair made an extraordinary noife in London; and if ever Pitt's houfe was full, it was the day after his refignation; when he was attended by a crowd of people, who with the loudeft acclamations hailed him the fincere Patriot, and Minister of the People. The City of London fent deputies to thank him in the moft folemn manner for the zeal he had fhewn whilft in office for the public gord, and to prefent him with the freedom of the city in a handsome box of gold: an example that was followed by hal: the kingdom. For feveral weeks fresh deputies, with the freedom of their respective towas, were continually pouring on him, fome from one county and fome from another: his houfe was perpetually refounding with acclamations of applaufe, and was conftantly filling with new vintors and ambaffadors. There never was a triumph more glorious than this exile; he might indeed be rather fuppofed to have retired of his own accord, than to have been difmiffed from his office

Meanwhile the cabinet at St. James's was in the utmost confufion and diforder: fo that the King was obliged to recall Pitt, towards the conclufion of June in the fame year, and to re-establish him in his office. He would not however confent to refume the reins of government, without the principal offices of the ftate being conferred on perfons poffeffed of zeal for the public welfare, and in whom he himfelf could place confidence.

His intention was not to fend any troops to Hanover, ftill perfifling in his former ideas; but to carry on a maritime and predatory war upon the coafts of France, in order to divert the force of the French, and to prevent them from detaching into Germany. But it was urged in the cabinet, by thofe who were attached to the court, that affairs had now proceeded to too great a length for fuch weak and undecifive measures, fince the fatal action at Haftembeck; that the French having the whole Electorate at their difpofal, and the Duke's army being reduced to neutrality, and difperfed, it became neceffary not to truft to the effects of haraffing the coaft, but to make a vigorous attack upon the heart of the enemy.

In the mean time, the French army having been routed by the King of Prufia, when it was leaft expected, at the memorable battle of Rofbach, and in a month after, the Auftrians at the ftill more memorable battle of Liffa, which was followed by the taking of Breflaw, the English began to talk of nothing but the King of Pruffia's victories. It was a fcandal, faid they, to leave at the mercy of fortune a hero, who should be considered as the champion of the Protestant cause in Germany, and the only Prince on the continent worthy of the alliance of England, in opponition to France. His portrait was every where to be feen, and was the admiration of all descriptions of perfons. His birth-day was kept through the whole inland with as mach rejoicing, as if at Rofbach he had faved England from the invafion of the French. The King took the advantage of this public enthufiafm to bring once more upon the carpet the propofition of fending an army, or at leaft a large body of English troops, to the continent.

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The connection between England and Pruffia became closer than ever. By means of English gold they thought of restoring the ema ciated army of Cumberland. The King of Pruffia infpired a new life into it, by appointing for its commander Ferdinand of Brunfwick, who had lately given fresh proofs of his valour at Prague, in which victory he had a very confiderable fhare; and who, in concert with the King, afterwards performed fuch great exploits, as will carry his name to the latest pofterity.

The next year large reinforcements of English troops were fent to Germany; the famous treaty of fubfidy with Pruffia was concluded: then it was that Pitt conceived the idea of conquering America in Germany, conflrained, as he him elf has fince acknowledged, by the neceffity which English miniflers will ever be under, whilit the King of Great Britain is Elector of Hanover.

Notwithstanding Pitt fent troops to the Electorate, English armaments appeared every day upon the coafts of France. One would imagine that under him the number of the people was multiplied. He infpired into all the noble thirst of conquest and of glory: that rooted animofity, which has always fubfilled between the failors and the foldiers, between the commanders by fea and thofe by land, be found means to convert into a laudable emulation, which fhould moft effectually ferve their country.

The whole body of the people repofe an unlimited confidence in this Minifler; and he has contrived to unite all parties, and to banish difcord from their Parliament, hitherto a fcene of perpetual diffenfion, He requires fifteen, fix:een, feventeen millions: it is immediately granted to him, and with reafon; for he makes as good use of it as Prince Eugene did of the English money before Turin. You know how he wrote from the French camp, which he had formed, to thofe merchants who had advanced the fums neceffary for the campaign: I have received your money, and I hope that I have employed it to your fatisfaction." Pitt may fay the very fame thing, The war on the continent cofts England fix millions fterling per annum; an immenfe fum! But it colls France full as much; with this difference, that her trade being cut off, he has not wherewithal to fupply fo great an expence; and has been obliged to take all her plate to the mint: on the other hand, it does not fall fo heavy on England, on account of the new fources of riches which flow in upon her from the fresh channels of trade, which her victories are continually opening to her.

Pitt ketches all the outlines of the different operations, though he does not perhaps finish the picture. He chufes however perfons whom he knows to be equal to the task. He gives fcope to the abiHities of an Anfon, a Hawke, a Bofcawen, a Saunders, a Granby, a Wolf, a Murray, and an Amherit; and does not fuffer them to remain inactive or unemployed. It is to him that England is indebted for that fine illumination which was exhibited last year in a certain house in London, in which every quarter of the globe had its particular window decorated with an infcription: the taking of Goree and Senegal for Africa; that of Surat for Afia; the victories at Miqden, Cadiz, and Quiberon, for Europe; the conquest of Cape Bre

ton,

ton, of Quebec, &c. &c. &c. for America; an illumination that the Romans never could have made, for want of a window.'

With regard to the tranflator, we are forry to remark, that, he appears not to be in all refpects fufficiently qualified for his tafk. He abounds in foreign idioms; his language is unequal, and displays not that eafy propriety which is peculiarly suited to familiar epifties. He is fometimes coarfe where he should have been delicate; and for the polite and courtly vivacity of his author, he not unfrequently fubftitutes that inferior train which characterizes the wit of ordinary men.

ART. V. Thoughts on Folygamy, fuggefted by the Dictates of Scripture, Nature, Keafon and Common-fenfe; with a Defcription of Marriage and its Obligations; a Contemplation of our national System of Laws relative thereto; and particularly an Examination of 25 Geo. II. ch. 33. commonly called the Marriage A&t, including Remarks on Thelyphthora and its Scheme; with fome Hints for the Prevention of Proflitution. By James Cookfon, Clerk, A. B. of Queen's College, Oxford, Rector of Colemere and Prior'sDeane, Hants. 8vo. 6s. Boards. Cadell. 1782.

HE pompous manner in which this performance was announced, by repeated advertisements in the public prints, gave us fome fufpicion of quackery. Had we been weak enough to have paid any credit to fuch oftentatious profeffions, we should have fuppofed that Mr. Cookfon had prepared the only infalliblenoftrum that was capable of expelling the poifon, or counteracting the malignant tendency of Thelyphthora. If we are to believe the advertiser, all former preparations were either deficient in quantity, or defective in quality; and, for any thing that others have done, either by way of a cure or a prefervative, the infection of this corrupt book might ftill be caught, and the peft of its principles rage without controul !-We faid, we fufpected quackery. And, lo! it was-even as we fufpected! This infallible doctor hath done little more than work up an old medicine in a new form. All the ingredients that were good for any thing were filched from the prefcriptions of others. The relt reminds us of Lord Rochester's turning mountebank, and vending faw-duft for powders !

Quantum eft in rebus inane.

We smiled for fome time at the prefumption of this adventurer. But at laft our ridicule was in fome measure repreffed by our refentment: for when prefumption rifes into effrontery, it ceases to divert: and when it proceeds to injuftice, it calls for

correction.

We had laboured fome of our articles on Thelyphthora with more than common diligence; and our labours were amply recompenfed by the reception they met with from the Public.

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The

The particular countenance they had the honour of receiving from names of the highest authority in the republic of letters, encouraged us to purfue the argument with reiterated exertion on the ground of the primitive Fathers, when Mr. Madan's third volume appeared;-a work in which malice was leagued with ignorance, to infult their memory, and to mifreprefent their principles. We read the Fathers of the two firft centuries with a critical eye to the leading doctrines of Thelyphthora; felected the moft material paffages that occurred; compared them with Mr. Madan's affertions; and left our appeal with the Public. To this no reply hath been made, nor even attempted. And though Mr. Madan's reading as a fcholar, and his integrity as a man,. were interested in the difpute, yet in his late attempts to vindicate himself from one or two misconstructions with which he was charged in the Monthly Review, he is totally filent on this head; nor doth he even put in a fingle jeft to turn off the accufation with a laugh, or one poor quibble to parry the argument by evafion.

We wrote for the Public; and any author was welcome to our remarks. We were pleased to see them adopted, as it was a-token of their being approved: but we were more pleased to fee them enlarged on and improved, as the intereft of truth is of more confequence than the credit of a Review. When acknowledgments were not made to us, we did not complain; and when they were made, we did not boast of them.

The prefent performance hath, however, roufed our fenfe of ill-treatment. Its plagiarifm is too palpable for impofition, and too unjuit for excufe. It is not that he hath borrowed general arguments, but even the particular proofs. It is not that he hath borrowed arguments and proofs alone; but even particular inftances of illuftration, particular allufions, and particular forms of expreffion too. In a word, the WHOLE of this Writer's remarks on the third volume of Thelyphthora is borrowed, without acknowledgment, from the first Article of our Journal for September 1781. He hath fcarcely altered the language; he hath not omitted a fentiment, or quotation, of the least conféquence to the argument; and the only addition that he hath made, confifts of a quotation from Beveridge's Codex Canonum, &c. founded on too fufpicious authority to be admitted as evidence, and for that reafon omitted by us in our appeal to the Apoftolical Fathers.

So ferious a charge as this calls for the cleareft proof; and if any perfons will give themfelves the trouble to compare this Writer's fecond chapter [p. 147-200.] with the Article in the Review, they will fee an inftance of plagiarifm which perhaps they may think had furpafled mere human furance.

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As a fpecimen for those who may not have leifure or inclination to make this comparifon, we shall take the trouble of tranferibing a few paffages indifcriminately (for it matters not where we turn in this chapter) from the beginning, the middle, and the end; and oppofite to them, we will place the correfponding paffages in the Review,

COOKSON.

It was justly obferved by a great philofopher," When reafon is against a man, a man will be a gainst reafon." This obfervation is on no occafion more strikingly applicable than to Mr. Madan's contempt of the primitive fathers. .... The author's hatred of thofe primitive faints is not to be wondered at. Their united voice against Thelyphthora has provoked his refentment; and as he cannot find one friend among them, he furiously attacks them all. Indeed the cafe was critical: the only alternative left was to difcredit them, or give up the caufe of Thelyphthora. Who then will be furprised at the part he hath taken!... In the courfe of things it might be expected, that he would attempt to invalidate a teftimony that was conclufive a. gainst him; but even if he could difcard it, he would not have advanced one step in proof of his fyftem while he admits the au. thority and genuineness of the books of the New Testament. . . He begins with the first cen

REVIEW.

It was an obfervation of the celebrated philofopher of Malmfbury, that, "When reafon is against a man, a man will be against reafon."... We may carry this obfervation ftill farther, and apply it with great juftice to Mr. Madan's contempt and hatred of the primitive Fathers. Their united oppofition to the cause of of Thelyphthora hath provoked oppofition on his part: and as he could not find one of them in the clafs of Polygamits he boldly rushes forward to take the field against all. . . .

-His only alternative is their total overthrow, or the ruin of Thelyphthora. The cafe was critical and preffing: and who will wonder at the choice he made! [Rev. 169.] ... Though if their authority were discarded, he would not be advanced one ftep in the proof of his fyftem, as long as he admits the authority of the New Teftament.

He begins with the first century, and purfues his enquiry through the fucceffions of Fathers, Councils, Synods, Popes, and the

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and purfues his enquiry down to the Reformation, the object of which is to prove the Fathers + vouchers for celibacy, and confequently to invalidate their teftimony relative to every kind of marriage; and that as they were oppofers of a man's having even one wife, they must, à fortiori, being celibacy, became of confeoppofers

Hobbes.

rabble of the Schoolmen' (as he calls them) down to the æra of the Reformation... The principal defign of the prefent volume is to prove that the Fathers, by favour

quence

By making the vouchers for celibacy, invalidate their teftimony with respect to marriage of every kind. Vid. Rev. p. 163 ad finem.

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