PREFACE. THE text of Livy which is here adopted is a reprint of Madvig's, whose Emendationes Livianæ discuss most of the important variations from the common text. To that work therefore reference is made when Madvig's authority or arguments are mentioned in the notes. In matters of Latinity the commentary of Fabri, as enlarged by Heerwagen, has been found. most useful, especially the illustrations drawn from Latin authors. Weissenborn's notes for German schools are quoted only (as W) when they contain information which is not to be found in earlier commentators. In questions of etymology most stress is laid upon the views of Corssen in his Aussprache, Vocalismus, u. Betonung der Lateinischen Sprache. ! For the subjects treated specially in the Introductions and Appendices the chief authorities are in each case mentioned; others have often been referred to, but it has not been thought desirable to crowd the notes with names. BRAMSHOTT, August, 1878. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION I. The Early History of Carthage and the Antecedents of the Second Punic War INTRODUCTION II. The Authorities for the History of INTRODUCTION III. On the Language and Style of Livy |