Ecological Toxicity Testing: Scale, Complexity, and RelevanceEcological Toxicity Testing provides a critical comparison of toxicity tests at different levels of biological organization from cells to landscapes. While ecological toxicity tests can be designed at any of the many levels of complexity and on spatial scales ranging from square millimeters to square kilometers, the uses to which this information can be put often differs with scale. In the past decade, tests at all levels have been refined and subjected to critical evaluations of their predictive accuracy. This text/reference includes evaluations of toxicity test systems at various scales and complexities by expert practitioners. It also offers broader analyses of the effects of scale on endpoint selection, test design and analyses, and chemical sensitivity. |
Contents
The Genesis of Ecotoxicology | 1 |
Endpoints of Interest at Different Levels | 35 |
Role and Significance of Scale to Ecotoxicology | 49 |
Design and Analysis of Multispecies Experiments | 73 |
Development and Current Use of Single Species | 97 |
Are Single Species Toxicity Test Results Valid | 105 |
Naturally Derived Microbial Communities | 123 |
Common terms and phrases
ambient toxicity analysis ANOVA approach aquatic communities Aquatic Toxicology artificial streams AS-M assessment endpoints Atrazine benthic Cairns CETTP Chem chemical chronic community structure concentrations developed dispersal dose dynamics Ecological Risk Assessment ecologists ecosystem ecotoxicology effluent effluent toxicity Elkhorn Creek Environ environmental toxicology estimate Evaluation example experimental experiments exposure factors Fahrig fathead minnow field fish Freshwater functional habitat impacts laboratory landscape lentic ecosystems macroinvertebrate macroinvertebrate communities measured mesocosm methods microbial communities microcosm and mesocosm multispecies tests Multispecies Toxicity Testing natural systems nutrient organisms parameters patches Periphyton pesticides physical models phytoplankton Plankton population predict protozoans regulatory response sampling scale Science sediment sensitive significant simulation single species tests single species toxicity spatial species toxicity tests statistical stream microcosms taxa taxonomic richness test endpoints test results test systems tion toxic events toxicity tests Toxicol U.S. Environmental Protection U.S. EPA validation variability variance water column zooplankton µg/L
Popular passages
Page 190 - Gower. 1986. The acute toxicity of cadmium to different larval stages of Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) and its ecological significance for pollution regulation. Oecologia 70:362-366.