Hence the amount of heat liberated per degree rise in temperature from a surface, every portion of which is revolving at 3000 ft. per min. is 0.02978 watts per sq. inch, and at 2000 "

66

"0.02668 "6

66

From this we see that under the most favorable conditions, the amount of heat liberated from a drum armature of a bipolar machine is 0.03 watts per sq. inch per degree rise in temperature. The increase at 3000 ft., due to the above correction, is about 3.5 per cent.

It was our intention to find if possible the effect of the air space between the armature surface and the pole faces but the great amount of time necessary for the determination prevented us from attempting it. The air space in the apparatus used was slightly more than of an inch. But it is probable that with an increased air space the effect of the field in preventing the radiation of heat would be less marked.

To sum up the results obtained we would state:

First-That an increase in the temperature of the armature causes an increased radiation of heat per degree rise in temperature, but that the rate of increase diminishes as the temperature increases, and that an increase in the amount of heat generated in an armature, increases the temperature of the armature, but less than proportionately.

Secondly-That the effect of the field is to prevent the radia tion of heat. As the amount of the armature covered by the field is increased, the amount of heat radiated per degree rise in temperature becomes less. If not true for all speeds it is for the higher speeds at least. And it has been found to be true in every case where the rise in temperature was less than 50° C.

Thirdly That, as the peripheral velocity is increased, the amount of heat liberated per degree rise in temperature is increased, but the rate of increase becomes less as we increase the peripheral velocity The effect of speed is very marked and the above law was found to hold in every case.

Fourthly-That the highest radiation that can be obtained from a drum armature of the ordinary construction ('and of the size used) is about 0.03 watts per sq. in. per degree rise in temperature, when that rise in temperature is not over 100°

centigrade.

1. It is probable that in larger machines the amount of heat liberated would be greater in almost every case, than the figures obtained. The reason for this supposition is that each sq. in. of surface of the armature of a larger dynamo presents very much more than one sq. in. of radiating surface. This is due to the fact that the conductors are larger. Besides presenting a larger radiating surface the interstices between the wires cause greater convection currents, and thus give an additional means of escape for the heat generated.

BUSINESS PROCEEDINGS.

THE PRESIDENT:-The final report of the tellers, I believe, is now ready.

MR. T. C. MARTIN:-Mr. President and Fellow Members: The statistical return appended to our report gives the following results. I might say that we have the results inclusive of every vote counted, but I do not think it will be necessary to go into details, as some fifty or sixty members have been voted for and the votes run down in several cases as low as one vote, and I think it would be more amusing to read that in print than to have me read it.

Mr. Martin then read the following report:

TELLERS' REPORT.

Of the ballots received there were counted.

Rejected

Unidentified.

Duplicates, including one change without stating what he
wanted...

427

24

14

I

466

22222

I

I

25

3

15

F. B. Herzog.

3

The irregularities observed were simply innumerable, but every allowance was made where the voter had given any kind of intelligible indication as to what he wanted.

A few of the more striking irregularities deserve note as a guidance to needed reforms in the present system, which has undergone its first trial triumphantly in calling out so large a vote out of a membership of 673. Several ballots indicate their preference by stars, without cancelling the names not wished for, on the straight ticket. The stars were counted.

One voter transferred the whole straight ballot in writing to another sheet of paper, and enclosed both in the envelope

Many ballots had only one name left under each office, the idea being evidently that only one nominee could be chosen.

Per contra, one member voted 10 times for 3 managers; and another member voted for 6 vice-presidents and 10 managers.

In several cases the same nominee was voted for as vice-president and president, or vice-president and manager. In these cases the votes were counted for the higher office.

It certainly deserves notice that 13 members, among whom were found professors in colleges, voted twice; and that in one instance the two opposing ballots were enclosed in the one envelope. It will have been noted that these ballots were all of necessity rejected.

The tellers are glad that there were only two ballots in the field. The work would otherwise have involved much greater delay under the new system. They would recommend that the Election Rules be so revised as to limit the range of choice in the first nominations to the Council, so that mere complimentary votes by the opportunity now given of selection from so miscellaneous a list, may be avoided.

The tellers would add that the figures in the returns are fortunately so wide apart as to be unaffected by any of the decisions which they ventured to make.

New York City May 17th, 1893.

T. C. MARTIN,
G. A. HAMILTON,
Tellers.

On motion of Mr. Hammer the report of the tellers was accepted and the tellers were discharged with thanks.

MR. MARTIN:-Before we leave this matter I would like to offer a resolution that a committee be appointed on the revision of the rules applying to elections. Dr. Herzog informed me of his willingness to serve again in carrying out certain modifications of the present rule which I think will be necessary, although I think the rule has in general worked well.

THE PRESIDENT:-The Chairman would think it the part of wisdom to appoint the old Committee. Will the INSTITUTE take that question up?

THE SECRETARY-I do not venture to speak for Mr. Upton, as he has been quite ill for the last ten days, but it appears to me there would be no question about his willingness to serve when he can be communicated with, and I think it would be entirely competent, if he should not be able to serve, that some person be substituted in his place. The Committee will have several

months to work on the matter.

THE PRESIDENT:-What is your motion, Mr. Martin?

MR. MARTIN: That a Committee be appointed on the revision of the rule pertaining to elections.

THE PRESIDENT:Unless the INSTITUTE wish otherwise the chair will reappoint the old Committee. The old Committee is reappointed.

MR. T. C. MARTIN reported the following resolution :

RESOLVED. That the sincere thanks of the officers and members of the AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS are hereby tendered to Mrs. Charles A. Seeley, of Mount Vernon, N. Y.. for her kind remembrance of the organization, in the presentation to the society of an early dynamo electric machine as completed by her husband in the year 1867.

Signed, T. COMMERFORD MARTIN, Chairman.

A. E. KENNELLY,
E. T. BIRDSALL,
Committee.

THE SECRETARY: -I move that the report be accepted with thanks, and the Committee discharged.

THE PRESDENT:--If there is no objection it is so ordered.

Mr. Hammer has asked the chair for two or three minutes to make an announcement.

MR. HAMMER:--As representing the Committee of Ways and Means in charge of matters pertaining to the World's Fair and the INSTITUTE'S official headquarters there, I wish to make a brief announcement. The Committee has already secured the assurance of our worthy President, of Prof. Thomson, Mr. Edison, Mr. Edward Weston, Mr. Tesla, Prof. Dolbear, Prof. Gray, Mr. Berliner and others, of their co-operation; and we expect to receive from these gentlemen, and have received from some of them already, interesting exhibits of a scientific and historical character. The Committee has also communicated with Prof. Ferraris with the object of securing the set of apparatus with which he demonstrated his discovery of the rotary field by alternating currents of different phase. My object in speaking of this at present is, to assure the INSTITUTE that the Committee is taking active measures to have the headquarters made as interesting as possible, and also to secure from any of the gentlemen who are present at this our Annual Meeting any objects of great scientific and historical interest which can be placed on exhibition.

THE PRESIDENT:-We have now reached the final subject that is to be discussed in this room preparatory to adjournment to Columbia College. It is the discussion of the provisional programme of the World's Electrical Congress prepared by the INSTITUTE'S Committee.