Managerial Issues in Productivity AnalysisAli Dogramaci, Nabil R. Adam A. Dogramaci and N.R. Adam Productivity of a firm is influenced both by economic forces which act at the macro level and impose themselves on the individual firm as well as internal factors that result from decisions and processes which take place within the boundaries of the firm. Efforts towards increasing the produc tivity level of firms need to be based on a sound understanding of how the above processes take place. Our objective in this volume is to present some of the recent research work in this field. The volume consists of three parts. In part I, two macro issues are addressed (taxation and inflation) and their relation to produc tivity is analyzed. The second part of the volume focuses on methods for productivity analysis within the firm. Finally, the third part of the book deals with two additional productivity analysis techniques and their applications to public utilities. The objective of the volume is not to present a unified point of view, but rather to cover a sample of different methodologies and perspectives through original, scholarly papers. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Part One | 3 |
Corporate Tax Policy and Economic Growth An Analysis 1981 and 1982 Tax Acts | 5 |
22 The Estimation of Effective Tax Rates | 8 |
19521980 | 17 |
24 The Tax acts of 1981 and 1982 | 22 |
25 User Costs and the Demand for Capital | 25 |
Notes | 30 |
66 Improving Managerial Evaluations of CAM Proposals | 141 |
67 Some Problems of Implementation | 149 |
68 Conclusions | 158 |
Notes | 159 |
References | 160 |
Productivity Analysis Using Subjective Output Measures A Perceptual Mapping Approach for Knowledge Work Organizations | 161 |
72 Present Approaches for Measuring Knowledge Work Effectiveness | 163 |
73 An Integrated Approach to Measuring Effectiveness in Knowledge Work Organizations | 165 |
References | 33 |
Appendix to Chapter 2 | 37 |
Inflation and Productivity Growth | 49 |
32 Measurement Problems | 51 |
33 Real Efficiency Losses | 57 |
34 Energy Price Effects | 61 |
35 Conclusions | 63 |
Notes | 64 |
References | 65 |
Appendix 1 to Chapter 3 | 69 |
Appendix 2 to Chapter 3 | 73 |
Part Two | 79 |
NIPA A Model for Net Income and Productivity Analysis | 81 |
42 The Model | 84 |
43 The Data | 92 |
44 The Results | 96 |
45 Uses of NIPA | 104 |
Notes | 107 |
References | 108 |
Productivity Measures Descriptive Averages Versus Analytical Needs | 109 |
52 On the Vulnerability of Aggregate Measures of Productivity | 110 |
53 On the Vulnerability of Analyses and Interpretations of IndustryLevel Changes in Productivity | 114 |
54 Elements of a More Effective Approach to the Diagnosis and Improvement of Productivity Performance | 119 |
55 Some Concluding Observations | 128 |
Notes | 130 |
Analyzing the Effects of ComputedAided Manufacturing Systems on Productivity and Competitiveness | 133 |
62 Study Objectives | 134 |
63 Some Common Elements in Evaluations of Major Equipment Acquisitions | 135 |
64 On the Distinctive Capabilities of ComputerAided Manufacturing | 136 |
65 Improving Managements Approach to Exploring CAM Potentials | 138 |
74 Conclusions | 178 |
Notes | 179 |
References | 181 |
Part Three | 183 |
Measuring Efficiency in Production With an Application to Electric Utilities | 185 |
82 The Production Technology | 186 |
83 Measures of Technical Efficiency | 189 |
84 Calculating the Efficiency Measures | 197 |
85 An Application to Electric Utilities | 200 |
86 Summary and Conclusions | 204 |
Notes | 212 |
References | 213 |
Alternatives for ProductivityBased Pricing in Public Utility RegulationThe Case of Telecommunications | 215 |
A Behavioral Model | 217 |
93 Costs Rates and Productivity | 218 |
94 A Comprehensive Interim ProductivityBased Rate Adjustment Clause | 221 |
95 Productivity Incentives | 223 |
96 Builtin Cost Efficiency Incentives | 224 |
97 Builtin Rate of Return Incentives | 225 |
98 Pricing Efficiency | 226 |
99 Uncertainties and Efficiency in Planning and Control | 227 |
910 Key Issues in Choosing Productivity and Cost Standards | 228 |
Historical Perspective and Current Practice | 232 |
912 Simulation Results | 236 |
913 Concluding Remarks | 238 |
Notes | 239 |
| 242 | |
| 244 | |
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Common terms and phrases
adjustment clause after-tax rate aggregate applications assets average Bela Gold CAM systems CIPRAC clustering components congestion corporate tax Corporate Tax Rates cost of capital deflator developed economic depreciation Effective Corporate Tax effective tax rates efficiency measures Employees equation equipment ERTA estimates evaluations Färe Figure Fixed Investment Hulten improvements incentives income absorbing factors increase industry innovations input prices Jorgenson labor productivity linear programs managerial marginal effective tax measure of technical net income NIPA Nonresidential operations organizational effectiveness overall percent perceptual maps period plant potentials price changes price level Productivity Analysis productivity growth productivity performance profit programs proposals rate adjustment rate of inflation rate of return real output reduced regulated firm regulatory relationship relative prices requirements returns to scale revenue scale inefficiency sector standard structures Table tax depreciation technical efficiency TEFRA total factor productivity trend unit costs user cost utilization variables weights