bottom of the ship till it returns into the hold, with a common stop-cock to draw off the water. The grand improvement in this, is the making the element in which the vessel floats the condenser of the altered liquid, which runs off at the rate of about a quart a minute, perfectly fit for drinking, for washing, and for every other purpose for which fresh water is employed. We tasted it both before and after undergoing the process, and we used soap in washing our hands with it; and we can truly declare that, in the first instance, it was sweet and palatable, and in the second, soft and pleasing. The patentee, however, proceeds to filter it through charcoal, in order to restore the carbon which is lost in the distilling; and you have the pure and sparkling element, equal in every respect to spring water. We have thus minutely stated what we saw and tasted; and we do so with very great satisfaction, since it is hardly possible to imagine any economic discovery of such vast importance to the navy and to the nation. All the watering of ships rendered unnecessary, and the ocean itself converted into one abundant and everlasting fountain of supply, forms, indeed, an epoch in the history of navigation. We need hear no more of the sufferings of brave and hardy sailors, from the want of this essential article of human subsistence. The room required in merchantmen for the stowage of water for the voyage, may now be filled with goods of any kind. fine, it would be difficult to overrate the value of this admirable invention, which, there can be no doubt, will be speedily and universally adopted, and will, we also trust, amply reward the inventor of a benefit to his country and fellow-creatures, the worth of which can hardly be excelled in the annals of useful humanity. The sea-water around a ship is incessantly converted into excellent fresh water fit for every purpose; and the ocean itself is made the chief agent in this metamorphosis. It is a great and wonderful achievement. In Small high-pressure steam-engines are now made, which stand upon three feet square, consuming about one cwt. of coal a day, and will hoist with sufficient rapidity twenty-five cwt. to any height. They are sufficiently portable to be moved about in small carts, and by means of a horse, with a rope and pulley working through a snatch-block, perform the work cheaper than the old system of manual labour. Navigation. Mr. John Willis is stated, in the "Wexford Independent," to have invented a new set of sails, which, by impelling paddles mechanically, in the manner of steam, ensures the rapid navigation of a vessel with every wind that blows. The sails are four in number, of gigot shape, and revolving over the centre of the vessel. The same improvement is applicable to windmills on land. NEW PATENTS. To John Twisden, of Halberton, near Tiverton, in the county of Devon, commander in the Royal Navy, for his invention of improvements applicable to inland navigation. To William Hale, of Colchester, in the county of Essex, civil engineer, for his invention of certain improvements in or on windmills, which improvements are applicable to other purposes. To William Coles, of Charing Cross, in the county of Middlesex, Esq., for his invention of a certain specific or remedy for the cure, alleviation, or prevention of rheumatic, gouty, or other affections arising from colds or other causes. To Pierre Barthelemy Gunibert Debac, of Acre-lane, Brixton, in the county of Surrey, professor of languages and mathematics, for his invention of an improved machine for weighing with the means of keeping a register of the operations of the enrolment. To John Chanter, of Stamford-street, Blackfriars, in the county of Surrey, gentleman, and William Witty, of Basford Cottage, near Newcastle, in the county of Stafford, engineer, for their invention of an improved method or improved methods of abstracting heat from steam, and other vapours and fluids applicable to stills, breweries, and other useful purposes. To Edmund Youldon, of Exmouth, schoolmaster, for his invention of improvements in preventing or curing what are termed smoky chimneys. To Thomas John Hamilton, Earl of Orkney, and John Easter, engineer, both of Taplow, in the county of Bucks, for their invention of certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for propelling vessels on water. To Lemuel Wellman Wright, of Sloaneterrace, in the parish of St. Luke, Chelsea, in the county of Middlesex, engineer, for his invention of certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for refrigerating fluids. To Thomas Gaunt, of Bridport-place, Hoxton, in the county of Middlesex, gentleman, an improvement in for his invention of earthenware pans and basins of water closets, and certain other earthenware vessels to which such improvements are applicable. To Andrew Hall, of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, manufacturer, and John Slark, the younger, of Chortten-upon-Medlock, in the said county, putter out, for the inven- To James Ward, of Stratford-upon-Avon, in the county of Warwick, watch-maker, for his invention of improvements in apparatus for ventilating buildings and other places. To Charles Arter, of Havant, in the county of Southampton, plumber and glazier, for his invention of certain improvements on cocks or taps for drawing off liquids. To James Pedder, of New Radford, 'in the county of Nottingham, machinist, for his invention of certain improvements applicable to certain machinery for making bobbin-net lace, for the purpose of making ornamented bobbin-net lace by the application to such machinery of any or all of the said improve ments. BANKRUPTS, FROM AUGUST 26, TO SEPTEMBER 19, 1834, INCLUSIVE. Aug. 26.-S. GREW, Birmingham, brushmaker. W. SOULSBY, Newcastle-uponG. HAYWOOD, Birmingham, Tyne, tailor. J. ALLPORT, Birmingham, wine-merchant. W. BRINDLEY, Fleetprovision dealer. green, Alstonefield, Staffordshire, cheese factor. T. SMITH, Stockton-upon-Tees, Durbam, hatter. W. E. Aug. 29.-J. L. KENSINGTON, Mincing-lane, W. MASON, Margaret-street, merchant. Cavendish-square, axletree-maker. POWELL and J. POWELL, Oxford-street, linenP. ARCHER and G. ARCHER, BOdrapers. W. MITCHELL, tolph-lane, merchants. H. WALLINGAbingdon, Berkshire, grocer. TON, Stockport, Chesire, builder. Aintree, Lancashire, innkeeper. Birmingham, brush-maker. Rotherham, Yorkshire, upholsterer. MON, Sheffield, painter. eleston, Lancashire, flour-dealer. CROFT and J. TILSTON, Liverpool, timbermerchants. J. BURLEY, R. J. TANT. SARTAIN, W. WAT E. LAW, Lower Thames-street, salt-merchant. LEY, Strand, bookseller. Sept. 12.-J. NICHOLLS, Wells. Somersetshire, apothecary. C. WALKER, TitchborneF. C. WESTstreet, Golden-square, saddler. J. BACH, W. MATSON, E. P. POWELL, Liverpool, wine-merchant. J. W. BELL, S. WINTERBOTTOM, Southampton, tailor. Ferndee, Saddleworth, Yorkshire, clothier. W. HOPKINS, Frome Selwood, Somersetshire, miller. T. BARRETT, Stamford, Lincolnshire, grocer. B.TUM- Sept. 2.-P. ISAACS, Union-street, BishopsR. K. VORLEY and J. gate-street, furrier. WATLING, Bread-street-hill, drysalters. Sept. 5.-F. BONAFFE, St. Michael's-alley, Cornhill, merchant. Sept. 16.-F. SKINNER, Darlington-place, Northumberland, linen-draper. T. SHA needle-street, City, stock-broker. DRAKE, jun., Hope-wharf, Commercial-road, W. O. ATTREE, Newbury, coal-merchant. C. INGRAM, Salisbury, Berkshire, draper. G. BENSON, Liverpool, tailor. currier. WALKER, Gospel Oak, near Wolverhampton, iron-master. tray-maker. S. Sept. 19.-J. CHANDLER and S. KING, St. Paul's Church-yard, drapers. C. TREVOR, Liverpool, innkeeper. T.WHEATER, Fearns, Lancashire, iron-founder. cester, skin-merchant, mason. C. WINN, Birmingham, blank Sept. 9.-H. W. RICH, Joiners'-hall-build. ings, City, wine-merchant. Milton-terrace, Southwark Bridge-road, baker. W. BALL, WorM. JACOBS, Exeter, draper. H. HARVEY, Stockport, stone- Gloucestershire, draper. R. GOLDSTONE, COMMERCIAL AND MONEY-MARKET REPORT. THE general aspect of trade has undergone little change in the course of the past month; the woollen manufactories continue to maintain a wholesome state of activity, and a fair demand is kept up for silk and cotton goods; in this iron age, when steam and gas, conducted through iron channels, are the grand facilitators and illuminators of the intercourse of the most distant provinces, the iron trade, by a strange anomaly, is in a more depressed state than any other great source of national wealth and extensive demand for labour. With respect to foreign trade, it may be sufficient to observe that the vast area of the London Docks contains, at this time, a larger tonnage of shipping than has been collected within the gates of that establishment for many years past, and that when the free-traders from Canton, whose advent is daily expected, shall have come in, the warehouses of the London and of the St. Catharine Docks will be filled to overflowing. In the Colonial Market, there has been of late considerable demand both for Sugar and Coffee at advanced quotations; the principal cause assigned for this is the apprehension that the negroes, finding themselves emancipated from the control of arbitrary punishment on the part of their masters, will with difficulty be brought to a sense of the expediency and necessity of recurring to habits of industry, and of the intimate bond which exists between their own interest [and that of the proprietors, to whom their modified services are now secured for a limited period. It is to be stated with regret, that the last advices from the island of Trinidad afford but too strong grounds for these apprehensions, reciting as they do acts of insubordination on the part of the slaves as a body, which, though not proceeding to actual violence and outrage, have gone to the extent of a positive and persevering refusal to work. Hitherto, they have been met with firmness, tempered by moderation; what their future conduct may be, and what the influence of their example on other colonies, is a problem, the solution of which is awaited with much anxiety. In the recent sales of British Plantation sugar, Barbadoes, good middling to fine white grocery, has brought 57s. 6d. to 61s. 6d.; Demerara, brown, 52s. to 52s. 6d. ; St. Kitt's, brown, 50s. to 53s.; Antigua, good grocery, 59s. The average price, a week before the conclusion of the month, was 17. 98. 51d. per cwt.; at the corresponding date of last year it was 17. 16s. 24d.; the stock in hand was 52,877 hhds. and trs. ; twelve months ago it was 49,963. In Mauritius Sugars there has been little doing of late; the stock is low and prices well maintained; middling yellow brings 54s., and low yellow 52s.. In East India and in Foreign Sugars, transactions are checked by the smallness of the supplies, and the consequent high prices required by holders. The Refined Market presents a more animated appearance, as well for home consumption as for exportation, and fine crushed sells at 32s. Some extensive public sales of British Plantation Coffee have recently taken place, and have given a shock to the advanced rate of quotations; still, holders manifest no anxiety to sell, and look forward with confidence to a return of high prices. The terms on which sales have lately been effected, are, for Jamaica, ordinary, 60s. to 65s.; good ordinary, 71s. to 74s.; fine ordinary, 84s. to 858.; fine fine ordinary, 88s. to 89s.; middling, 90s. to 100s.; good middling, 110s. to 112s. East India and Foreign Coffee are held with a firmness corresponding with that which characterizes the market for Transatlantic Colonial produce. British Plantation Cocoa has lately advanced from 3s. to 5s. per cwt.; Grenada and Trinidad bringing, for ordinary grey 46s., good red 49s. to 50s. 6d. In Foreign, little doing and prices stationary. Spirits are steady; the im porters of Rum are tenacious for full prices. Jamaica, 30 per cent. over proof, has brought 3s. to 3s. 2d.; Leeward islands, 2 per cent. over, 2s. 1d. per gallon. Tea still maintains the higher quotations of last sale, notwithstanding the daily expected arrival of several cargoes under the new system of trade. In Indigo, the transactions are very limited, but prices are firm; the accounts from Calcutta speak favourably of the prospects of the coming crop. In Cotton, Silk and Wool, there is nothing to call for particular observation. The supplies of Wheat at Mark-lane have lately been very extensive; good qualities, however, continue to command full prices, but inferior descriptions have declined a little. Barley and Malt are somewhat depressed; good old Oats are in demand. With the exception of some parts of Hampshire, the Wheat harvest is generally well spoken of; Barley not quite so good, and Beans and Peas decidedly a short crop. Contrary to all the indications of the early part of the summer, Hops will yield a more abundant product than that of last year; the Duty has advanced to 170,000l., having at one time been laid at less than half that sum. The English Funds have presented an unsually steady appearance during the past month; the extreme variations in Consols having scarcely exceeded per cent. ; some fluctuation has occurred in Exchequer Bills with the ebb and flow of the demand for money, the lowest price having been 31s. premium, and the highest 46s. Since the close of last month, Bank Stock has advanced 3 per cent., and India Stock full 6 per of Foreign Stock so completely engross attention, that others are in a great degree neglected. The closing prices on the 25th are subjoined : BRITISH FUNDS. Bank Stock, 222 3-Three per Cent. Consols, 90-Ditto for Account, 90 -New Three and a Half per Cents., 989-India Stock, 262 3 - Ditto Bonds, 16 18-Exchequer Bills, 43s. 4-4s FOREIGN FUNDS. Belgian, 99 100-Brazilian, 78Chilian, 32 3 Colombian, 31 24Danish, 756-Dutch, Two and a Half per Cent., 51-Ditto Five per Cent., 993 100-Mexican, 411 3-Peruvian, 26 7-Portuguese Regency, 81 -Russian, 104-Spanish, 1821, 541-Ditto of 1823, 51 2. MONTHLY DIGEST. GREAT BRITAIN. THE new Poor Law Bill is of so extraordinary a character, and likely to be so generally canvassed in all its details, now that its merits are to depend upon the test of experience, we introduce here an abstract of it. NEW POOR LAW BILL. General Regulations.-His Majesty, by warrant under the royal sign manual, appoints three fit persons to be commissioners to carry this Act into execution.-The said commissioners shall be styled "The Poor Law Commissioners for England and Wales;" who may sit as a board, with power to summon and examine witnesses, and call for production of papers, on oath, or to substitute a declaration for an oath, but not to inquire into any title. They are to have a common seal, and their rules, &c., purporting to be sealed with such seal, to be received as evidence.-Commissioners are to record their proceedings, and to make a general report to the Secretary of State yearly, and to report proceedings to the Secretary of State, when required.-Power to appoint nine assistant-commissioners, and to remove the same. But not more than nine to be appointed without consent of the Treasury.-Commissioners not to sit in Parliament.-Commissioners to appoint secretary, assistant-secretary or secretaries, clerks, or other officers.--The appointment of Commissioners, &c., is limited to five years.-Commissioners and assistant-commissioners to take oath.-Notification of the appointment of commissioners is to be sent to the clerks of the peace and published.-Commissioners may delegate powers to assistantcommissioners, and revoke them.-Assistant-commissioners may summon persons and examine them on oath, or a declaration may be substituted for an oath.-Persons giving false evidence guilty of perjury, and refusing to attend, &c., guilty of misdemeanour.-Reasonable expenses of witnesses to be paid out of the parish fund for whom they appear, unless they come from ten miles distant, then to be paid by the public.-The entire administration of relief to the poor is in future to be under control of the commissioners, who are to make rules and regulations for the management of the poor, the accounts, and administration of the laws for their relief.— General rules to be submitted to the Secretary of State forty days before coming into operation. If disallowed by the King in Council during the forty days, not to come into operation.-The commissioners' general rules are to be laid before Parliament.-The rules and orders of commissioners to be sent to the officers of every parish before they shall come into operation, who are to provide copies on request, at 3d. every 72 words, under 107. penalty.--No inmate of a workhouse is to be obliged to attend any religious service contrary to his religious principles, or have his children educated contrary to his wish.-Dissenting Ministers are to have the right of attending any workhouse, when they are requested by any inmate.-The orders or regulations of assistant-commissioners are to be approved and sealed by Commissioners.-The powers of 22 Geo. III. c. 83, 59 Geo. III. c. 12, and of all other Acts relating to workhouses, and to borrowing money, are to be exercised under the control of the commissioners, and to be subject to their orders. And the commissioners are to be entitled to attend local boards and vestry, but not to vote.-No additions or alterations are to be made to poor-house rules, without the consent of the commissioners. Erection of Workhouses.-Commissioners are empowered to order workhouses to be built, hired, altered, or enlarged, with consent of the majority of the parishioners, out of the rates.-Sums to be raised for purposes of building workhouses are to be charged on poor-rates; but not to exceed one year's average amount of poor-rates, and shall be repaid in ten equal yearly portions. The commissioners may order workhouses to be altered or enlarged without consent, but the sums to be raised for such purposes are not to exceed one-tenth of one year's rates, or 501. Unions. Any parishes may be united by the commissioners, for the relief of the poor, with a common poor-house; but each parish is to be chargeable for the costs of its own poor.-Justices may order out-door relief to aged and infirm persons in unions wholly unable to work, providing the facts of want and infirmity are known to such justices.-When a union of parishes shall be proposed, the commissioners are to inquire into the expense of poor belonging to each parish for three years preceding, and each parish shall pay to the joint fund in future, in the proportion which it has already stood with relation to the other parishes.-There is a like provision as to unions already effected under local acts.-Parliamentary returns are to be evidence of the actual expense of poor to each parish, unless proved to be incorrect. There is a repeal of 22 Geo. III. c. 83, s. 5, and 56, and Geo. III. c. 129, part of s. 1, restraining parishes from contributing to a workhouse at a greater distance than ten miles; and of 22 Geo. III. c. 83, s. 29, limiting the class of persons to be sent to workhouses.--Commissioners may, with consent of two-thirds of the union guardians, dissolve, add to, or take from any union; and thereupon make such rules as may be adapted to its altered state. But the rights and interests of each parish shall be ascertained and secured.-United parishes may, with the consent of all their guardians and the commissioners, be one parish for purposes of settlement amongst themselves.-The parishes in union may, with the consent of all their guardians and the commissioners, have a joint rate.Guardians are to ascertain and assess the value of property, subject to |