image in marble arose almost to life under the immortal hand of Michael Angelo Buonoroti, who honoured his memory with this precious mark of his esteem. It is still to be seen in the Campidoglio, and though placed in the midst of a confiderable number of fine Grecian heads, is not at all eclipsed by their beauty. The other names we meet with in this publication are less illustrious; fome of them are scarcely worth mentioning: we do not except those of pope Gregory XIV. and of cardinal Sfondrati, his nephew.

ART. ΧΧΙ.

Miscellaneen, &c. - Miscellanies, of which the greatest Part have never been yet published. Collected by Mr. STROBEL. First Collection. 8vo. Nuremberg. 1779.

THE collection of small fugitive pieces, whose inconfiderable bulk generally configns them to an undeserved oblivion, may often be of eminent service to the cause of literature. The work here announced, which consists of such treatises, literary anecdotes, letters, and biographical compofitions as may tend to throw light upon ecclesiastical, philosophical, or literary hiftory, particularly that of the fixteenth century, is undoubtedly of this kind, and deserves to be encouraged. Among the pieces contained in this first volume, several are curious, such as Five Letters of Luther, An Apology for the Works of Melantthon, Singular Anecdotes relative to the turbulent Kaufman of Brunfwick, and a Treatise, containing the Names of the most ancient Printers. This last piece may be of signal use to those who collect, with avidity, rare books and old impressions, as the equivocal marks of antiquity, that often deceive the unwary collector, are here examined, and unmasked, with great fagacity.

ART. ΧΧΙΙ.

Histoire & Memoires de la Societé, &c. -The History and Memoirs of the Society established at Amsterdam, for the Recovery of drowned Perfons. Tom. II. Part 3. 1778.

W

E formerly noticed in a pretty full and particular manner the origin, and have since repeatedly, though briefly, announced the progress, of this benevolent and patriotic society; the establishment of which has been followed by the institution of many others in various parts of Europe. At present, we should content ourselves with barely announcing the continuance of its success, here displayed in fixty-eight new cafes, did we not think it proper to extract from the present publication some interesting particulars that occur in it, and which merit the attention of our Readers.

The

The first of these observations is contained in the extract of a

letter sent to the society by M. P. Winkelhaak, a furgeon at Alkmaar; in which he relates some experiments made to ascertain the cause that produces death in animals that are drowning; and describes an instrument contrived for the purpose of recovering drowned persons, founded on the principles deduced from these experiments. The trials were made in the course of three lectures given upon this fubject, by Dr. C. Hoefman, lecturer in anatomy and furgery at Alkmaar, and at which Mr. Winkelhaak was present.

• We saw clearly,' says Mr. W. ' that the lungs of the animals that had been drowned in coloured water, were filled and tinged with the coloured fluid. Hence it follows, that the only and proximate cause of the death of drowned persons arises from the total obstruction of respiration, produced by the water that enters into their lungs.'

On this occafion, not one of the animals subjected to these experiments was restored to life; though bleeding was employed, particularly in the jugular veins, as well as frictions, smoke clysters, blowing air into the lungs, and even bronchotamy. -'Having,' fays Mr. W. frequently interrogated Dr. Hoefman on this fubject, he answered, that the good or bad fuccess in these cases depended solely on the circumstances attending a man's falling into the water; that he believed a recovery was more likely to be effected, when his lungs happened to be filled with air at the instant of the fubmerfion; that the result depended on the greater or lesser quantity of water that had been drawn into the lungs in inspiration; and that it were to be wished that an instrument could be contrived, by means of which all this water might be instantly pumped out, and air immediately introduced in its room.'

Dr. Hoefman afterwards invented, and caused to be constructed, an instrument to answer these purposes. It is represented as a kind of syphon, which is to be introduced through an opening made into the windpipe, so far as to reach to the part where it divides into two branches. A copper syringe is adapted to it, through which the water is to be drawn from the lungs of the patient; and air is afterwards forced into them by means of a small pair of bellows fixed to the apparatus..

M. Hoefman,' says Mr. W. ' made a trial of this instrument in our presence. He kept an animal under water till bubbles of air rose from his fauces; and then opening the windpipe, he introduced into it the syphon, to which the syringe was adapted, and pumped out a confiderable quantity of water, forcing in air, in the room of it, by means of the bellows. The animal was then exposed to the sun's rays, which were very powerful. Two hours afterwards some signs of life appeared:

4

ama feit on

B

one of

gnomy for noved. Omgeets was card that their Lays were were caurent ramifications. On the ocean Dr. Avared that the failure of the infirsthat was je het a is extremity not reaching, or coming into come water.

• Although our expectations, tays Mr. Wave not been answered, I have requested leave of the Doctor to worm you of thete triais. I do this, partly to show you that we feloudy coneur with you in profecuting the objects of your citation; and swarty on tomes that these trials may lead the way to something

2

me pirmais to our 47th Volume, 1772, page 521, we give us await of an apparatus constructed by M. de la Chahe owes de name of a faphandre; by means of Pot vous seron, ignorant of the art of swimof the deepest rivers; the water me in an erect position in the water, ftomach. Mr. Van Engelen, terdam fociety, having read with ew hed by the inventor, in which * decided, was convinced of its א חימש שיש לcommends the use of this apset, or other inventions of the שית אח של f preventing accidents, but A staring the extraction of drowned bodies. stand may be contained in a - one that weficis and even boats should so that incres and villages, a fuffiWe shoutre if the most convenient places. mats, and various particulars his publication, the, inftitutions formed in Engם הזמןΣ, this number

1

INDEX

To the REMARKABLE PASSAGES in this

Volume.

N. B. To find any particular Book, or Pamphlet, fee the
Table of Contents, prefixed to the Volume.

the opening was then closed; and the animal soon put himself
in motion, though slowly. I cannot express the joy we felt on
this occafion.'

On the next day, however, we are told that the Doctor re-
peated the experiment on five other animals; but that none of
them recovered. On opening their chests, it was found that
their lungs were filled with water, even in their minutest rami-
fications. On this occafion, Dr. Hoefman was convinced that
the failure of the instrument was to be ascribed to its extremity
not reaching, or coming into contact with, the water.

Although our expectations,' says Mr. W. have not been
answered, I have requested leave of the Doctor to inform you of
these trials. I do this, partly to shew you that we zealoufly con-
eur with you in profecuting the objects of your inftitution; and
partly in hopes that these trials may lead the way to something
more perfect.'

In the Appendix to our 47th Volume, 1772, page 521, we
gave an account of an apparatus constructed by M. de la Cha-
pelle, to which he gives the name of a faphandre; by means of
which the most timorous person, ignorant of the art of swim-
ming, may keep himself in an erect position in the water,
and may, as it were, walk across the deepest rivers; the water
rifing no higher than the pit of his stomach. Mr. Van Engelen,
one of the members of the Amsterdam society, having read with
much pleasure the treatise published by the inventor, in which
this instrument is particularly described, was convinced of its
great fuperiority to the cork jacket, or other inventions of the
fame kind. The society warmly recommends the use of this ap-
paratus, not only for the purpose of preventing accidents, but
likewise that of facilitating the extraction of drowned bodies.
As the instrument costs but little, and may be contained in a
very small box; they propose that vessels and even boats should
be provided with them, and that, in cities and villages, a suffi-
cient number should be deposited in the most convenient places.

We shall only further observe, with respect to this publication,
that befides the relation of cafes, and of various particulars
respecting the proceedings of other institutions formed in Eng-
land, France, Italy, and other parts of Europe, this number
contains three plates, in which the various inftruments or ar-
ticles to be employed in the recovery of drowned perfons, are
accurately delineated.

INDEX