image in marble arofe almost to life under the immortal hand of Michael Angelo Buonoroti, who honoured his memory with this precious mark of his esteem. It is ftill to be seen in the Campidoglio, and though placed in the midst of a confiderable number of fine Grecian heads, is not at all eclipsed by their beauty. The other names we meet with in this publication are lefs illuftrious; fome of them are fcarcely worth mentioning: we do not except those of pope Gregory XIV. and of cardinal Sfondrati, his nephew.

AR T. XXI.

Mifcellaneen, &c.-Mifcellanies, of which the greatest Part have never been yet published. Collected by Mr. STROBEL. Firft Collection. 8vo. Nuremberg. 1779.

THE collection of small fugitive pieces, whose inconfiderable bulk generally configns them to an undeserved oblivion, may often be of eminent service to the cause of literature. The work here announced, which confifts of fuch treatifes, literary anecdotes, letters, and biographical compofitions as may tend to throw light upon ecclefiaftical, philofophical, or literary hiftory, particularly that of the fixteenth century, is undoubtedly of this kind, and deserves to be encouraged. Among the pieces contained in this first volume, feveral are curious, fuch as Five Letters of Luther,-An Apology for the Works of Melanthon,—Singular Anecdotes relative to the turbulent Kaufman of Brunswick, and a Treatife, containing the Names of the most ancient Printers. This laft piece may be of fignal use to those who collect, with avidity, rare books and old impreffions, as the equivocal marks of antiquity, that often deceive the unwary collector, are here examined, and unmasked, with great fagacity.

Hiftoire & Memoires de la Societé, &c.-The Hiftory and Memoirs of the Society established at Amsterdam, for the Recovery of drowned Perfons. Tom. II. Part 3. 1778.

WE

E formerly noticed in a pretty full and particular manner the origin, and have fince repeatedly, though briefly, announced the progrefs, of this benevolent and patriotic fociety; the establishment of which has been followed by the inftitution of many others in various parts of Europe. At prefent, we should content ourselves with barely announcing the continuance of its fuccefs, here difplayed in fixty-eight new cafes, did we not think it proper to extract from the prefent publication fome interefting particulars that occur in it, and which merit the attention of our Readers.

The

1

1

The firft of these obfervations is contained in the extract of a letter fent to the fociety by M. P. Winkelhaak, a surgeon at Alkmaar; in which he relates fome experiments made to ascertain the cause that produces death in animals that are drowning; and describes an inftrument contrived for the purpofe of recovering drowned perfons, founded on the principles deduced from these experiments. The trials were made in the courfe of three lectures given upon this fubject, by Dr. C. Hoefman, lecturer in anatomy and furgery at Alkmaar, and at which Mr. Winkelhaak was prefent.

We faw clearly,' fays Mr. W. that the lungs of the animals that had been drowned in coloured water, were filled and tinged with the coloured fluid. Hence it follows, that the only and proximate caufe of the death of drowned perfons arises from the total obftruction of refpiration, produced by the water that enters into their lungs.'

6

On this occafion, not one of the animals fubjected to these experiments was reftored to life; though bleeding was employed, particularly in the jugular veins, as well as frictions, smoke clyfters, blowing air into the lungs, and even bronchotamy. Having,' fays Mr. W. frequently interrogated Dr. Hoefman on this fubject, he answered, that the good or bad fuccefs in these cafes depended folely on the circumstances attending a man's falling into the water; that he believed a recovery was more likely to be effected, when his lungs happened to be filled with air at the inftant of the submerfion; that the refult depended on the greater or leffer quantity of water that had been drawn into the lungs in infpiration; and that it were to be wifhed that an inftrument could be contrived, by means of which all this water might be inftantly pumped out, and air immediately introduced in its room.'

Dr. Hoefman afterwards invented, and caufed to be conftructed, an inftrument to answer thefe purposes. It is represented as a kind of fyphon, which is to be introduced through an opening made into the windpipe, so far as to reach to the part where it divides into two branches. A copper fyringe is adapted to it, through which the water is to be drawn from the lungs of the patient; and air is afterwards forced into them by means of a small pair of bellows fixed to the apparatus..

M. Hoefman,' fays Mr. W. made a trial of this inftrument in our prefence. He kept an animal under water till bubbles of air rose from his fauces; and then opening the windpipe, he introduced into it the fyphon, to which the fyringe was adapted, and pumped out a confiderable quantity of water, forcing in air, in the room of it, by means of the bellows. The animal was then exposed to the fun's rays, which were very powerful. Two hours afterwards fome figns of life appeared:

and that

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their leys were fed as #do, ma i der Lautet raniheations. On the occain, Dr. the man want the failure of the infromcat was my le cas extremity not rack in, or coming into Gent, the water.

• Although our expectations," fays Mr. Wave not been antivered, I have requested leave of the Doctor or To Of thete trials. I do this, partly to fhew you that we felloudy coneur with you in profecuting the objects of your incution; and mutta on stones that thefe trials may lead the way to icmething

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Ale to our 47th Volume, 1772, page 521, we sobat or an apparatus conftructed by M. de la Chase pyes de name of a faphandre; by means of se mat tavours on, ignorant of the art of swim** in an erect pofition in the water, sta que crois the deepest rivers; the water Sve of his ftomach. Mr. Van Engelen,

N

dam fociety, having read with rear end bea by the inventor, in which Kuten jete de fer.ded, was convinced of its

te per delet, or other inventions of the weten warn 'a rocamends the use of this aptë në nenevë dë preventing accidents, but ne dating the extraction of drowned bodies. big work, and may be contained in a werent that mefiels and even boats should The that is cites and villages, a suffiNeko, bending in the maft convenient places. wier repect to this publication, the andritunars formed in Engvarious particulars tres at Zarm, this rumber

ane

anas intruments or ar

wned prions, are

・・

INDEX

To the REMARKABLE PASSAGES in this

Volume.

N. B. To find any particular Book, or Pamphlet, fee the
Table of Contents, prefixed to the Volume,

the opening was then clofed; and the animal foon put himself
in motion, though flowly. I cannot exprefs the joy we felt on
this occafion.'

On the next day, however, we are told that the Doctor re-
peated the experiment on five other animals; but that none of
them recovered. On opening their chefts, it was found that
their lungs were filled with water, even in their minutest rami-
fications. On this occafion, Dr. Hoefman was convinced that
the failure of the inftrument was to be ascribed to its extremity
not reaching, or coming into contact with, the water.

Although our expectations,' fays Mr. W. have not been
anfwered, I have requested leave of the Doctor to inform you of
thefe trials. I do this, partly to fhew you that we zealously con-
cur with you in profecuting the objects of your inftitution; and
partly in hopes that these trials may lead the way to fomething
more perfect.'

In the Appendix to our 47th Volume, 1772, page 521, we
gave an account of an apparatus conftructed by M. de la Cha-
pelle, to which he gives the name of a faphandre; by means of
which the moft timorous perfon, ignorant of the art of fwim-
ming, may keep himself in an erect pofition in the water,
and may, as it were, walk across the deepeft rivers; the water
rifing no higher than the pit of his ftomach. Mr. Van Engelen,
one of the members of the Amfterdam fociety, having read with
much pleasure the treatife published by the inventor, in which
this inftrument is particularly defcribed, was convinced of its
great fuperiority to the cork jacket, or other inventions of the
fame kind. The fociety warmly recommends the use of this ap-
paratus, not only for the purpofe of preventing accidents, but
likewife that of facilitating the extraction of drowned bodies.
As the inftrument cofts but little, and may be contained in a
very small box; they propofe that veffels and even boats fhould
be provided with them, and that, in cities and villages, a fuffi-
cient number fhould be depofited in the moft convenient places.

We fhall only further obferve, with refpect to this publication,
that befides the relation of cafes, and of various particulars
refpecting the proceedings of other inftitutions formed in Eng-
land, France, Italy, and other parts of Europe, this number
contains three plates, in which the various inftruments or ar-
ticles to be employed in the recovery of drowned persons, are
accurately delineated.