Æt. 44.

HENRY LAWRENCE AND COLIN MACKENZIE.

167

stained war. God in mercy grant that in these regions, so repeatedly drenched with human blood, men may soon learn to beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears into pruning-hooks;' and thus cultivate the arts of peace, and make progress in the lessons and practice of heavenly piety!

"Many of our friends in these quarters have been very anxious that we should extend a branch of our mission to Lahore. And, if we did so, I doubt not that very considerable local support would be obtained. But it appears that the missionaries of the American Presbyterian Church, who have for years occupied many important stations in Northern India, had long contemplated the establishment of a mission at Lahore. For the promotion of this object two of their number reached this place some time ago; and already have some practical steps been taken in connection with their long-projected design. Such being the fact, let us rejoice that brethren, like-minded with ourselves not only in articles of faith but of discipline and government, have so seasonably and so vigorously entered on a field so vast and so promising. With thirty-five millions of unconverted heathen in the single province of Bengal, we can have little real temptation to rush into regions so remote, and so much less densely peopled. But let us, if possible, speedily spread out from our various centres until we pervade the whole land."

There was another famous man in Lahore, then a young Scottish captain who had done such deeds in Afghanistan that Lord Dalhousie was consulting him about the new frontier finally fixed at Peshawur, and was sending him to be Brigadier in the Nizam's country. Colin Mackenzie had raised the 4th Sikhs, and he was then bidding his sepoy children farewell. He and Duff were brother Highlanders, were brethren in Christ.

In her vivid journal Mrs. Colin Mackenzie has described the farewell parade, how Dr. Duff followed the gallant but sorely affected commandant, as he passed along every rank of the men drawn up in open column of companies, and witnessed a devotion on both sides such as has given India to Great Britain, and given it for Christ. Then to holy communion in the American chapel, just before he took boat down the Sutlej and Indus, clothed in the large "postheen or sheepskin presented to him by General Mackenzie.

Dr. Duff was amazed at the progress made, even at that early time, in the pacification and civilization of the Punjab, which forms the triumph of Dalhousie* and John and Henry Lawrence. In a letter full of detail

*The fact that the Marquis of Dalhousie's Diary and papers are shut up from publication till 1910, adds interest to this specimen of his letters to the officers who served him: "(Private), GOVERNMENT HOUSE, 13th Sept., 1852. MY DEAR MACKENZIE,-I have to thank you for two letters, one enclosing a memo. regarding Sir W. Macnaghten, the other on the Contingent. I am sorry you should have had any doubt regarding the propriety of addressing me on that subject. I have been long painfully conscious of the difficulties with which you have had to contend in common with the whole body. The peculiarity of our position at the Court of the Nizam, and the existence of this war, have lately combined to retard a remedy, but I hope to apply it before long. This expression of mine will, I am confident, not pass beyond yourself. As for taking the country, I fervently hope it will not be taken in my time, at least. It does not depend on me, as you seem to assume. Treaties can't be torn up like old newspapers, you know. The testimony to your wife's work must be doubly gratifying to you from its obvious impartiality, since Lord Ashley does not seem even to have known that it was her work. I hope she is better. Your Singhs are behaving beautifully-coming down wading rivers up to their necks, and carrying plump Captain Bean in his palkee through on their heads besides, all readiness and good humour-and I hear with 100 supernumeraries. They shall certainly go to the front. Yours always sincerely, DALHOUSIE."

"P.S.-I have omitted the acknowledgment of your handsome offer to serve with the corps brigaded. The arrangement you supposed has not been made however, and the 4th form part of an ordinary Brigade. D."

Æt. 44.

THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE PUNJAB.

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and description, written for the instruction of his younger son, he remarks that he now felt no hesitation in sailing down the Indus in a country boat, alone and unarmed-" save by prayer"-where, a short time before, lawless robber tribes infested the banks and life was in peril. When at the point nearest to Mooltan, yet sixty-two miles from the famous fort, he was hailed at noon by the driver of a riding camel, sent by friends to enable him to visit the city. In twelve hours he reached them, but at what a sacrifice those know best who have ridden a camel even for one. As he returned across country by Bhawulpore, he would have been gladdened could he have foreseen that one of his own converts would be appointed Director of Public Instruction in that long misgoverned Muhammadan principality, on the succession of a minor. Schools and railways, missionaries and British officers, civil and military, have since done for the Punjab and Sindh, more than any other province, under imperial Rome or Christian England has ever witnessed in the same brief period. And yet only a beginning has been made.

It was thus that the Bengal met the Bombay missionary, Dr. Wilson* having come as far as Sehwan on the first missionary tour through Sindh.

"INDUS RIVER, February 4th, 1850.

"Need I say with what intense feeling of delight we hailed each other, face to face, on the banks of that celebrated stream, and in a spot so isolated and remote from the realms of modern civilization-a spot never before trodden by the feet of two heralds of the Cross, but conspicuously displaying, among the edifices that

The Life of John Wilson, D.D., F.R.S. (Murray), page 248,

second edition.

crown the rocky heights of Sehwan, the symbols of the Crescent; and as visibly exhibiting, in the scattered ruins and desolation all around, the impress of rapacious and shortsighted tyranny? Joyous was our meeting, and sweet and refreshing has been our intercourse since. How have our souls been led to praise and magnify the name of our God, for His marvellous and ineffable mercies! It is now ten years since we last parted in the neighbourhood of Bombay; and what centuries of events have been crowded into these ten years-alike in Europe and Asia, alike in Church and in State! And nowhere, assuredly, have the external changes been greater than in the regions which we are now traversing. A few minutes ago we passed Meanee, a name which instantly recalled the strange series of events that terminated in the final overthrow of the Mussulman dynasties of Sindh, and added this once flourishing, but now greatly desolated realm to the vast Indian dominion of a Christian state. What a revolution already, with reference to the social and political relations of the people, and security of person and property! Lawless violence and anarchy, abusive rudeness and barbarism, have already been exchanged for peacefulness and established order, outward civility and respect."

At Bombay Dr. Duff roused the native city by an address on the necessity of the Christian element in education, even when conducted by the Government, which produced a long newspaper war but with the best results. The end of April is the time when there is a rush of home-going Anglo-Indians eager to escape the worst of the hot season. Dr. Duff could secure only "a den in the second lower deck," and had a fall on board. But the end of May saw him once more in Edinburgh, eager to begin his new crusade.

CHAPTER XX.

1850-1853.

DR. DUFF ORGANIZING AGAIN.

Foreign Mission Finance.-Retrenchment or Advance ?-"Living Machinery."-Dr. Duff tells how he prepared his Speeches.General Assembly of 1850.-His Five Orations.-His Appeal for Men for India.-Rajahgopal.-Mr. Justice Hawkins.-Three and a Half Years of Organizing Toil.-His Success.-The Education Question in India.-With Dr. M'Neile.-Sermon to Twenty Thousand Welsh.-The Poor Helping him.-Tender Reminiscences.— Spiritual Breathings.-Great Meetings.-Highland Emigrants from Skye.-Suffering and Triumphing.-Stranraer and the New Hebrides Mission.-Loudoun and the Marchioness of Hastings.Persecuted by Self-seekers.-New Missionaries.-Summons to the Young Men of London.

DR. DUFF found that he had returned to Scotland not a day too soon. There was urgently wanted for the Foreign Missions of the Free Church a financier in the best sense, one who could create a revenue self-sustaining and self-developing, as well as control expenditure so as to make it produce the best possible results. The financial management of religious and philanthropic organizations has been too often marked by the ignorance of mere enthusiasm on the one side, or the selfishness of dead corporations on the other. The men who have made the missionary enterprise of the Englishspeaking races one of the most remarkable features of the century's progress since the French Revolution, have not always allowed economic law to guide them in their pursuit of that which is the loftiest of all ideals just because the Spirit of Christ has made it the surest