(ib. 2919), was appointed commissioner of sewers for Suffolk in December 1534, and died on 2 March 1535-6 (ib. vii. 596, viii. 75). He was buried in St. Mary's Church, Bury St. Edmunds, under a stone monument, the wooden palisade of the tomb bearing the inscription, 'Such as ye be some time were we, such as we are such shall ye be. Miserere nostri.' Drury married twice. By his first wife, Anne, daughter of Sir William Calthorpe, knight, of Burnham-Thorpe, Norfolk, he had issue (besides daughters) Sir William Drury, who succeeded him at Hawsted, and Sir Robert Drury of Hedgerley, Buckinghamshire, father of Sir William Drury [q. v.], lord president of Munster, and of Sir Dru Drury [q. v.] By his second wife, Anne, relict of Edward, lord Grey, he had no issue. [Cullum's Hawsted, pp. 131, 142, 145; Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. i. 56; Manning's Lives of the Speakers.]

J. M. R.

DRURY, ROBERT (1587-1623), jesuit, born in Middlesex in 1587, was son of William Drury [q. v.], D.C.L., judge of the prerogative court (who was converted to the catholic faith in articulo mortis), and his wife, Mary, daughter of Sir Richard Southwell of Woodrising, Norfolk, a relative of Father Robert Southwell the poet. He was educated in London, and at the age of fourteen was sent to the English College at Douay, where he began his course of humanities, which he completed at St. Omer. On 9 Oct. 1605 he entered the English College, Rome, for his higher course. After receiving minor orders he joined the Society of Jesus in October 1608, and subsequently he repaired to Posna to finish his theology, arriving there 28 Feb. 1611-12. In 1620 he was rector of the college at St. Omer, and afterwards was sent on the mission to his native country, where he became a distinguished preacher. He was professed of the four vows 8 Sept. 1622. Occasionally he went under the names of Bedford and Stanley.

DRURY, ROBERT (1567-1607), catholic divine, born of a gentleman's family in Buckinghamshire in 1567, was educated in the English College of Douay, then temporarily removed to Rheims, where he arrived 1 April 1588. He received the minor orders at Rheims on 18 Aug. 1590, and on the 17th of the following month he, with several other students, was sent to the college lately founded at Valladolid by Philip II of Spain for the education of the English clergy. After being ordained priest there, he was sent in 1593 to He lost his life on Sunday, 5 Nov. (N.S.) England, where he zealously laboured on the 1623, at the Fatal Vespers in Blackfriars. mission, chiefly in London and its vicinity. On the afternoon of that day about three He was one of the appellant priests who op- hundred persons assembled in an upper posed the proceedings of the archpriest Black-room at the French ambassador's residence, well [see BLACKWELL, GEORGE]; and his name occurs among the signatures attached to the appeal of 17 Nov. 1600, dated from the prison at Wisbech (DODD, Church Hist. ii. 259). He was also one of the thirteen secular priests who, in response to the queen's proclamation, subscribed the celebrated protestation of allegiance (31 Jan. 1602-3), which was drawn up by William Bishop [q.v.], afterwards bishop of Chalcedon (BUTLER, Hist. Memoirs of the English Catholics, 3rd edit. ii. 56-65). In 1606 the government of James I imposed upon catholics a new oath, which was to be the test of their civil allegiance. About this time Drury was apprehended, brought to trial, and condemned to death for being a priest and remaining in this realm, contrary to the statute of 27 Eliz. He refused to save his life by taking the new oath, and consequently he was drawn to Tyburn, hanged, and quartered on 26 Feb. 1606-7.

'A true Report of the Arraignment, Tryall, Conviction, and Condemnation of a Popish

Hunsdon House, Blackfriars, for the purpose of participating in a religious service by Drury and William Whittingham, another jesuit. While Drury was preaching the great weight of the crowd in the old room suddenly snapped the main summer-beam of the floor, which instantly crashed in and fell into the room below. The main beams there also snapped and broke through to the ambassador's drawing-room over the gate-house, a distance of twenty-two feet. Part of the floor, being less crowded, stood firm, and the people on it cut a way through a plaster wall into a neighbouring room. The two jesuits were killed on the spot. About ninety-five persons lost their lives, while many others sustained serious injuries. The bigotry of the times led some people to regard this calamity as a judgment on the catholics, so much was God offended with their detestable idolatrie' (LYSONS, Environs, iv. 410). Father John Floyd met the reproach by publishing A Word of Comfort to the English

6

Catholics,' St. Omer, 1623, 4to. A quaint and apparently accurate account of the accident is given in 'The Doleful Even-Song' (1623), written by the Rev. Samuel Clarke, a puritan; and another description will be found in 'The Fatall Vesper' (1623), ascribed to William Crashaw, father of the poet (Cat. of the Huth Library, i. 365).

There is a eulogium of Drury in the preface to a book called 'F. Robert Drury's Reliquary' (1624), containing his prayers and devotions. Stow says that he was reputed by his fellow-churchmen to be a man of great learning, and generally admitted to be of good moral life (Survey of London, ed. 1633, p. 380).

[Cunningham's Handbook for London (1849), i. 94; Dodd's Church Hist. ii. 410; l'iaries of the English College, Douay, pp. 218, 232, 234; Foley's Records, i. 77-97, v. 1007, vi. 235, 247, vii. 211; Fuller's Church Hist. (Brewer), v. 539; Gillow's Bibl. Dict.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. (Bohn), i. 211; More's Hist. Missionis Anglic. Soc. Jesu, p. 451; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. x. 447; Oliver's Jesuit Collections, p. 83; Pennant's Account of London (1793), p. 238; Thornbury's Old and New London, i. 199-204.]

lishmen, continually pursued and harassed, were enticed into surrendering their captive, and having thus parted with their only security were eventually massacred by the natives upon the very border of the friendly territory. Two or three boys were alone spared, of whom Drury was one. He was assigned as a slave to the most barbarous of the nobles of the district, and for some time underwent great hardship, and was in frequent danger of life and limb from his master's brutality. Gradually his condition improved, he obtained a cottage and plot of ground, married a native wife, took part in the civil broils of the inhabitants, and at length found means to escape to a neighbouring chieftain, who protected him. His purpose was to go still further northward to the province which he calls Feraingher (Firenana), beyond the great river Oneghaloye, which he understood to be frequently visited by European ships. He succeeded in escaping, and made his way through a vast uninhabited forest, subsisting on roots and honey and the wild cattle he killed by the way, and crossing the Oneghaloye by help of a float, in great danger from alligators. He found that ships had ceased to visit Feraingher, which was ruined by war, and owed his deliverance to what seemed at first a most untoward event, his capture by the invading and plundering Sakalavas, at this day, next to the Hovas, the leading people in Madagascar. After some cruel disappointments in endeavours to communicate with his countrymen, who occasionally visited the coast, he contrived to convey news of his existence and his condition to his father, who commissioned a ship's captain to ransom him, and he was eventually permitted to depart, after fifteen years' residence on the island.

T. C. DRURY, ROBERT (A. 1729), traveller, born in London 24 July 1687, was the son of a tavern-keeper, 'well known and esteemed for keeping that noted house called "The King's Head," or otherwise distinguished by the name of the "Beef Stake House." 'Notwithstanding all the education my father bestowed on me, I could not be brought to think of any art, science, trade, business, or profession of any kind whatsoever, but going to sea.' His father at last consented to let him undertake an East India voyage, and on 19 Feb. 1701 Drury embarked for Bengal in the Degrave Indiaman. The outward voyage was uneventful, but in setting out on her return the vessel ran aground in the river, and upon getting to sea was found to have sprung a leak, which increased to such an extent that it was necessary to run her ashore off the coast of Androy (called by Drury Anterndroa), the most southern province of Madagascar. The majority of the crew got safe to land, and were at first kindly treated by the native chief, who was highly gratified at the advent of so many white men, whom he expected to be of service to him in his wars. The Englishmen naturally objected, and conceived and executed a plan for seizing the chief's person, and detaining him as a hostage until they should have reached the territory of another Drury's narrative, published in 1729, stands petty prince, who was understood to be friendly in the very first rank of books of travel and to white men. The undertaking, ably con- adventure. He had the good fortune to fall ceived, was miserably carried out; the Eng-in with a most able editor whose identity has

It is painful, though only what might be expected, to learn that Drury returned to Madagascar in the character of a slave trader, buying slaves to sell again in the Virginia plantations. He appears, however, to have made but one voyage. He afterwards became porter at the India House, and is related by Mr. Duncombe to have had a house in or near Lincoln's Inn Fields, and to have diverted visitors by exhibiting the Madagascar method of hurling javelins in the then unenclosed space. The time of his death is unknown. He died after 1729, when his travels were first published, and before 1743, when in a second edition of his book he was stated to be dead.

never transpired, but who has been conjectured to be Defoe. His theological views, however, are unlike Defoe's, and he implies, with whatever truth, that he has been on the coast of Guinea. Whoever he was, he was content merely to abridge Drury's artless story and fit it for general reading. Either he or Drury, or both, possessed an eminent dramatic faculty, and great power of bringing scenes and persons vividly before the eye. Drury's religious controversies with the natives are most humorously recounted, and the characters of the various petty chiefs and their wars are a better illustration of a Homeric state of society than most commentaries on the 'Iliad.' The editor betrays a certain bias in one respect; he is evidently a believer in natural religion, as distinguished from revelation, and he involuntarily represents the people of Madagascar as more pious, moral, and innocent than is quite consistent with fact, superior as they really are to most uncivilised nations. In every other point the truth of Drury's narrative has been entirely 'corroborated, so far as the case admits, by the knowledge since acquired of other parts of the island. The wild and remote district where his lot was cast has hardly been visited since his time, and will be the last portion of Madagascar to be explored.

Later editions of Drury's travels appeared in 1743, 1808, and 1826, the last being vol. v. of the series of autobiographies published by Hunt & Clarke.

[Drury's Madagascar, or Journal during Fifteen Years' Captivity on that Island.] R. G.

tenance the ambitious designs of the Duke of Northumberland in his attempt to alter the succession, and on the death of Edward VI he was one of the first to declare for Queen Mary. His religion, however, and his connection with the Earl of Bedford rendering his presence distasteful to Mary, he prudently retired from court during her reign (Collectanea Topographica, vi. 92; CULLUM, History of Hawsted, p. 133; FULLER, Worthies, Suffolk; COOPER, Athena Cantab.)

The accession of Elizabeth at once restored Drury to public life; and the government of Mary of Lorraine seeming to call for English interference in Scotland, he was despatched to Edinburgh in October 1559 to investigate the state of parties there, and to view the new fortifications of Leith, then said to be rapidly approaching completion. The propriety of sending him on this secret mission was at first doubted by Cecil, owing to the fact that his brother was thought to be an inward man with the emperor's ambassador.' But his conduct speedily removed these suspicions, and confirmed Sir Ralph Sadler's opinion of him as being honest, wise, and secret.' Elizabeth having determined to assist the lords of the congregation, and the siege of Leith having been undertaken, Drury had again the misfortune to fall into the enemy's hands; but beyond a short detention he seems to have suffered no other injury, for on 10 Oct. 1560 he married Margaret, daughter of Thomas, lord Wentworth, and widow of John, last lord Williams of Thame, in the church of St. Alphage, London. His experience, prudence, and perDRURY, SIR WILLIAM (1527-1579), sonal bravery qualifying him for service on marshal of Berwick and lord justice to the the borders, he was, in February 1564, apcouncil in Ireland, third son of Sir Robert pointed to succeed Sir Thomas Dacre as marDrury of Hedgerley, Buckinghamshire, and shal and deputy-governor of Berwick, an his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Edmund Bru- office which he continued to fill until 1576, denell, esq., was born at Hawstead in Suffolk and his letters to Cecil regarding the proon 2 Oct. 1527. Having completed his educa-gress of events in Scotland are among the tion at Gonville Hall, Cambridge, he attached himself as a follower to Lord Russell, afterwards created Earl of Bedford. Accompanying this nobleman into France on the occasion of the joint invasion of that country by Charles V and Henry VIII in 1544, he took an active part in the sieges of Boulogne and Montreuil, but had the mishap to be taken a prisoner during a skirmish in the neighbourhood of Brussels. On being ransomed he served for a short time at sea, becoming an excellent maritimal man.' In 1549 he assisted Lord Russell in suppressing a rebellion that had broken out in Devonshire owing to the reforming and iconoclastic government of the protector Somerset. Though, like his patron, a staunch adherent of the reformed church, he refused to coun

most important state documents relative to this period. In April 1567 he received a challenge from Bothwell for uttering foul reproaches against him, but having expressed his willingness to meet him, the earl's ardour cooled and the meeting never took place. The winter of 1569-70 was an anxious time for the wardens of the marches owing to the rising of the northern earls. But the rebellion having been suppressed, and the Earl of Northumberland carried off a prisoner to Lochleven Castle, Drury and Sir Henry Gates were, in January 1570, commissioned to treat with the regent Murray for his surrender. While passing through the streets of Linlithgow on his way to meet them, Murray met his death at the hand of Bothwelhaugh.