Off. Papers, 1770-2, p. 638). Draper became a major-general in 1772. In 1774 Horace Walpole speaks of him as the probable second in command of the reinforcements going to America, and as writing plans of pacification in the newspapers (Letters, vi. 135, 155). Before and after his second marriage Draper resided at Manilla Hall, Clifton Downs, now the convent of La Mère de Dieu, where he erected a cenotaph to the thirty officers and one thousand men of the old 79th who fell in the East Indies in 1758-65. He became a lieutenant-general in 1777. In 1778 he lost his second wife, who left one child, a daughter born in 1773, who survived her parents, and on 17 March 1790 married John Gore. She died a widow at Hot Wells on 26 July 1793 (Gent. Mag. lx. (i.) 273, lxiii. | (ii.) 674). Draper should lead to further consequences, In 1779 Draper was appointed lieutenantgovernor of Minorca, under Lieutenant-general Hon. James Murray, at a salary of 7301. a year and allowances. He served through the famous defence of Fort St. Philip against a combined force of French and Spaniards from August 1781 until February 1782, when want and the ravages of the scurvy compelled the plucky little garrison to accept honourable terms (BEATSON, v. 618-22, vi. note; also Ann. Reg. 1782, app. 241). There appears to have been no cordiality between Draper and Murray, and shortly before the end of the siege Draper was suspended by [The best biographical notices of Draper are Murray. After their return home Draper in Georgian Era, vol. ii.; Gent. Mag. lvii. (i.) preferred twenty-nine charges of misconduct 91; and the notes to Letters of Junius, ed. by of the most miscellaneous character against Wade, in Bohn's Standard Library, but all conthe governor, who was tried by a general tain inaccuracies, especially in the military decourt-martial, presided over by Sir George tails. Among the authorities consulted in the Howard, K.B., which sat at the Horse Guards above memoir in addition to those cited are in November-December 1782 and January Corry's Hist. of Bristol, ii. (natives) 292 (1818, 1783. The court honourably acquitted Mur- 4to); Eton Registrum Regale; Cantabrigienses ray of all charges save two-some arbitrary Graduati, vol. i.; War Office Records; Army interference with auction dues in the island, Lists; Hamilton's Hist. Gren. Guards (1872, and the issue of an order on 15 Oct. 1781 8ro); Orme's Hist. of Mil. Trans. in Indoostan (London, 1763); Beatson's Nav. and Mil. Metending to discredit and dishonour the lieu-moirs (1793, 8vo); Walpole's Letters, ed. Poter tenant-governor-for the which he was sentenced to be reprimanded.' The king approved the finding and sentence, but in recognition of Murray's past services dispensed with any reprimand other than that conveyed by the finding. The king also expressed much concern that an officer of Sir Wm. Draper's rank and distinguished character should have allowed his judgment to be so perverted by any sense of personal grievance as to view the general conduct of his superior officer in an unfavourable light, and in consequence to exhibit charges against him which the court after diligent investigation have considered to be frivolous and ill-founded.' Lest some intemperate expressions let fall by Cunningham, vols. ii. iii. iv. vi. viii.; Calendars DRAXE, THOMAS (d. 1618), divine, was born at Stoneleigh, near Coventry, Warwickshire, his father being a younger brother of a worshipfull family, which for many years had lived at Wood-hall in Yorkshire' (FULLER, Worthies, ed. 1662, 'Warwickshire,' p. 125). His name does not occur in the pedigree given by Hunter (South Yorkshire, ii. 108), nor in that by Glover (Yorkshire, Visitation of,1584 of 1585, ed. Foster, p. 342). He received his education at Christ's College, Cambridge, as a member of which he afterwards proceeded B.D. In 1601 he was presented to the vicarage Dovercourt-cum-Harwich, Essex (framed succession list of vicars in Harwich Church), but, disliking the east coast, he left a curate in charge, and lived variously at Coventry and at Colwich in Staffordshire (Prefaces to Works). A few years before his death he returned to Harwich, where,' says Fuller, who gives the wrong year of his death, the change of the Aire was conceived to hasten his great change' (Worthies, loc. cit.) He was buried at Harwich on 29 Jan. 1618 (parish register). A pious man and an excellent preacher,' Draxe was author of: 1. 'The Churches Securitie; together with the Antidote or Preservative of ever waking Faith . . . Hereunto is annexed a. . . Treatise of the Generall Signes of the Last Judgement,' 4to, London, 1608. 2. The Worldes Resurrection, or the general calling of the Jewes. A familiar Commentary upon the eleventh Chapter of Saint Paul to the Romaines,' 4to, London, 1608 (with new title-page, 4to, London, 1609). 3. The SickeMan's Catechisme; or Path-way to Felicitie, collected and contrived into questions and answers, out of the best Divines of our time. Whereunto is annexed two prayers,' 16mo (London), 1609. 4. 'Calliepeia; or a rich Store-house of Proper, Choice and Elegant Latine Words and Phrases, collected for the most part out of all Tullies works,' 8vo, London, 1612 (the second impression, enlarged, 8vo, London, 1613; another edition, 8vo, London, 1643). 5. Novi Coli et nova Terra, seu Concio vere Theologica, . . . in qua creaturarum vanitas et misera servitus, earundem restitutio, . . . et . . . corporis humani resurrectio, in eadem substantia describuntur et demonstrantur,' 8vo, Oppenheim, 1614. 6. Bibliotheca scholastica instructissima. Or, Treasurie of Ancient Adagies and Sententious Proverbes, selected out of the English, Greeke, Latine, French, Italian, and Spanish,' 8vo, London, 1633, a posthumous publication, the preface of which is dated from Harwich, Julii 30, 1615' (another edition, 8vo, London, 1654). Fuller ... also states that Draxe 'translated all the works of Master Perkins (his countryman and collegiat) into Latine, which were printed at Geneva,' 2 vols. fol., 1611-18. [Authorities as above; Fuller's Hist. of Univ. of Cambridge (Nichols), p. 137; Newcourt's Repertorium, ii. 220; Brit. Mus. Cat.] G. G. DRAYCOT, ANTHONY (d. 1571), divine, belonged to an old family of that name and place in Staffordshire. Ile was principal of White Hall (afterwards included in Jesus College), Oxford, and of Pirye Hall adjoining. On 23 June 1522 he was admitted bachelor of canon law, taking his doctor's degree on 21 July following (Reg. of Univ. of Oxford, Oxf. Hist. Soc., i. 72). He held the family rectory of Draycot. On 11 Dec. 1527 he was instituted to the vicarage of Hitchin, Hertfordshire (CLUTTERBUCK, Hertfordshire, iii. 36), which he exchanged on 5 March 1531 for the rectory of Cottingham, Northamptonshire (BRIDGES, Northamptonshire, ii. 299). He became prebendary of Bedford Major in the church of Lincoln, 11 Feb. 1538-9 (LE NEVE, Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 107), was archdeacon of Stow, 15 Jan. 1542-3 (ib. ii. 80), and archdeacon of Huntingdon, 27 July 1543 (ib. ii. 52), both in the same church of Lincoln. On 2 Dec. 1547 he was appointed by convocation head of a committee to draw up a form of a statute for paying tithes in cities (STRYPE, Memorials of Cranmer, 8vo ed., i. 221). He was chancellor for a time to Longland, bishop of Lincoln, and to Baine, bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, in which oflices he acted with the greatest cruelty against the protestants (FoXE, Acts and Monuments, ed. Townsend, v. 453, vii. 400-1, viii. 247–50, 255, 630, 638, 745, 764). In 1553 he was one of the committee for the restitution of Bishop Bonner (STRYPE, Memorials, 8vo ed., vol. iii. pt. i. p. 36). On 8 Sept. 1556 he was admitted prebendary of Longdon in the church of Lichfield (LE NEVE, Fasti, ed. Hardy, i. 614). At Elizabeth's accession he refused to take the oath of supremacy, and was accordingly stripped of all his preferments, except the rectory of Draycot, which he contrived to keep. In 1500 he was a prisoner in the Fleet (Cal. State Papers, Dom. Addenda 1547-65, p. 524). From An Ancient Editor's Notebook,' printed in Morris's Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers' (3rd series, p. 35), where, however, there is some confusion of dates, we learn that Dr. Draycott, long prisoner, at length getting a little liberty, went to Draycot, and there died,' 20 Jan. 1570-1 (monumental inscription preserved in DODD, Church Hist., 1737, i. 516). [Erdeswicke's Survey of Staffordshire (Harwood), p. 252; Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), i. 59, 61, 106; Gillow's English Catholics, ii. 105; General Index to Strype's Works (8vo), i. 239; Lansd. MS. 980, f. 282.] G. G. DRAYTON, MICHAEL (1563–1031), poet, was born at Hartshill, near Atherstone, Warwickshire, in 1563. He states in his epistle to Henry Reynolds that he had been a page, and it is not improbable that he was attached to the household of Sir Henry Goodere of Powlesworth; for in a dedicatory address prefixed to one of his 'Heroical Epistles' (Mary, the French queen, to Charles Brandon) he acknowledges that he was indebted to Sir Henry Goodere for the most part' of his education. Aubrey says that he was the son of a butcher; but Aubrey also describes Shakespeare's father as a butcher. We have it on Drayton's own authority (The Owle,' 1604) that he was 'nobly bred' and "well ally'd.' There is no evidence to show whether he was a member of either university. His earliest work, 'The Harmonie of the Church,' a metrical rendering of portions of the scriptures, was published in 1591. Prefixed is a dedicatory epistle, dated from London, 10 Feb. 1590-1, 'To the godly and vertuous Lady, the Lady Jane Deuoreux of Merivale,' in which he speaks of the 'bountiful hospitality' that he had received from his patroness. This book, which had been entered in the 'Stationers' Register,' 1 Feb. 1590-1, under the title of 'The Triumphes of the Churche,' for some unknown reason gave offence and was condemned to be destroyed; but Archbishop Whitgift ordered that forty copies should be preserved at Lambeth Palace. Only one copy, belonging to the British Museum, is now known to exist. 'A Heavenly Harmonie of Spirituall Songs and Holy Hymnes,' 1610 (unique), is the suppressed book with a different title-page. In 1593 appeared 'Idea. The Shepheards Garland. Fashioned in nine Eglogs. Rowlands Sacrifice to the Nine Muses.' These eclogues, which were written on the model of the Shepherd's Calendar,' afterwards underwent considerable revision. There was room for improvement, the diction being frequently harsh and the versification inharmonious, though much of the lyrical part is excellent. In the fourth eclogue there is introduced an elegy, which was afterwards completely rewritten, on Sir Philip Sidney; and it is probably to this elegy (not, as some critics have supposed, to a lost poem) that Nathaniel ?] Baxter?], in speaking of Sidney's death, makes reference in ‘Ourania,' 1606 : O noble Drayton! well didst thou rehearse catory epistle comes a sonnet to Lady Anne Harington, wife of Sir John Harington. There is also an address to the reader, in which Drayton states that Matilda' had been 'kept from printing' because the stationer meant to join them together in one little volume.' The statement is curious, for the 1594 edition of 'Matilda' is dedicated to Lucy, daughter of Sir John Harington, afterwards Countess of Bedford, and must have been published with Drayton's knowledge. A poem in rhymed heroics on the subject of Endymion and Phoebe,' n.d., 4to, entered in the 'Stationers' Register' 12 April 1594, was doubtless published in that year. Lodge quotes from it in 'A Fig for Momus,' 1595. There are some interesting allusions to Spenser, Daniel, and Lodge. It was not reprinted, but portions were incorporated in 'The Man in the Moone,' and the dedicatory sonnet to the Countess of Bedford was included in the 1605 collection of Drayton's poems. Before leaving Warwickshire Drayton paid his addresses to a lady who was a native of Coventry and who lived near the river Anker. In her honour he published, in 1594, a series of fifty-one sonnets under the title of 'Ideas Mirrovr: Amours in Quatorzains,' 4to. Drayton attached no great value to the collection, fortwenty-two of the sonnets printed in 'Ideas Mirrovr' were never reprinted. The lady (celebrated under the name ' Idea') to whom the sonnets were addressed did not become the poet's wife, but he continued for many years to sing her praises with exemplary constancy. In the 1605 collection of his poems he has a 'Hymn to his Lady's Birth-place,' which is written in a strain of effusive gallantry. The magnificent sonnet, 'Since there's no help, come let us kiss and part,' first appeared in the 1619 folio. An epistle, 'Of his Lady's not coming to town,' first published in the 1627 collection, shows that his devotion, after thirty years' service, was unchanged. All his biographers agree that he lived and died a bachelor; but it is to be noticed that Edmond Gayton (not a very sure guide), in 'Festivous Notes on Don Quixote,' 1654, p. 150, states that he was married. The first poem planned on a large scale is 'Mortimeriados,' published in 1596, and republished with many alterations in 1603, under the title of 'The Barrons Wars.' To the revised edition Drayton prefixed an address to the reader, in which he states that, as at first the dignity of the thing was the motive of the dooing, so the cause of this my second greater labour was the insufficient handling of the first.' Originally the poem had been written in seven-line stanzas, but in the second edition the 'ottava rima' was substituted, of all other the most complete and best proportioned.' Drayton was constantly engaged in revising his works, and 'The Barons' Wars' saw many changes before it reached its final shape. Mortimeriados' was dedicated, in nine seven-line stanzas, to the Countess of Bedford; but when, in 1603, Drayton reissued the poem, he withdrew the dedication and cancelled various references to his patroness. In the eighth eclogue of 'Poemes Lyrick and Pastorall, 'n.d.(1605?), he inveighs against a certain Selena, who had temporarily befriended 'faithfull Rowland,' but had afterwards transferred her patronage to 'deceitfull Cerberon.' Rowland is the pastoral name which Drayton had adopted for himself; Cerberon's personality is matter for conjecture; but it is more than probable that Selene was intended for the Countess of Bedford. The invective was cancelled in later editions. with Wilson, Hathway, and Munday; and in January 1599-1600 he was engaged with the same authors on 'Owen Tudor. There was a Second Part of Sir John Oldcastle;' but it is not clear whether it was written by the four playwrights or whether Drayton was solely responsible. The First Part of the true and honorable History of the Life of Sir John Oldcastle' was published in 1600 in a corrupt form. Some copies fraudulently bear Shakespeare's name on the title-page. In May 1602 Drayton wrote, with Dekker, Webster, Middleton, and Munday, a play which Henslowe calls 'too harpes' (Two Harpies'). The anonymous 'Merry Divel of Edmonton,' 1608, has been attributed to Drayton on the authority of Coxeter, but no evidence has been adduced in support of Drayton's claim. There is a tradition that Drayton was employed by Queen Elizabeth on a diplomatic 'England's Heroicall Epistles,' 1597, his mission in Scotland. In an obscure passage next work of importance, is the most read- of the satirical poem 'The Owle,' 1604, he able of Drayton's longer works. The book states that he went in search of preferment was modelled on Ovid's 'Heroides,' and Dray-unto the happie North,' and 'there arryv'd, ton has shown himself to be no unworthy disgrace was all my gayne.' On the accespupil of the skilful Roman artist. A second sion of James he published 'To the majestie edition appeared in 1598; a third, with the of King James. A gratulatorie Poem,' 1603, addition of the sonnets, in 1599; a fourth in 4to, and in the following year gave a further 1602, again with the sonnets; and a fifth, proof of his loyalty in 'A Pæan Triumphall: with 'The Barons' Wars,' in 1603. Historical composed for the societie of the Goldsmiths notes are appended to each epistle; and to of London congratulating his Highnes Mageach pair of epistles (with a few exceptions) nificent Entring the Citie,' 1604. But his Drayton prefixed a dedication to some dis- hopes of gaining advancement from James tinguished patron. In the dedication to the were rudely disappointed; his compliments Earl of Bedford he mentions the obligations met with indifference and contempt. Many under which he stood to the family of the years afterwards (1627) in an epistle to his Haringtons, and states that he had been com- friend George Sandys he refers to the illmended to the patronage of Sir John Haring- treatment that he had experienced. Chettle, ton's daughter, Lucy, countess of Bedford, in England's Mourning Garment,'n.d. (1603), by 'that learned and accomplished gentle hints that he had been too hasty in paying man Sir Henry Goodere (not long since de- his addresses to the new sovereign: ceased), whose I was whilst hee was, whose Think 'twas a fault to have thy Verses seene patience pleased to beare with the imperfec- Praising the King ere they had mournd the Queen. tions of my heedles and unstayed youth.' From Henslowe's 'Diary' it appears that In 1604 appeared 'The Owle,' an allegorical Drayton was writing for the stage between poem, in imitation of Spenser's 'Mother Hub1597 and 1602. He wrote few plays single- bard's Tale,' on the neglect shown to learnhanded, but worked with Henry Chettle ing. If Drayton had not expressly stated [q. v.], Thomas Dekker [q. v.], and others. In that it was written earlier than the 'GratuDecember 1597 he was engaged with Munday on a lost play called 'Mother Redcap.' On 20 Jan. 1598-9 he received three pounds in earneste of his playe called Wm. Longberd' (Diary, ed. Collier, p. 142), and on the following day he acknowledged the receipt of 'forty shillinges of Mr. Phillip Hinslowe, in part of vil, for the playe of Willm. Longsword' (ib. p. 95). Probably both entries refer to the same lost play. In 1599 he wrote the 'First Part of Sir John Oldcastle,' latorie Poem,' it would be reasonable to assume that it was inspired by indignation at the treatment that he had received from the king. 'The Owle' was dedicated to the young Sir Walter Aston [q. v.], to whom he also dedicated the 1603 edition of 'The Barrons Wars' and 'Moyses in a Map of his Miracles,' 1604. From a passage in the last-named poem it has been hastily inferred that Drayton had witnessed at Dover the destruction of the Spanish armada At his investiture as knight subject made it impossible for the poem to be free from monotony. The Poly-Olbion' is a truly great work, stored with learning of wide variety, and abounding in passages of rare beauty. It was the labour of many years, for so early as 1598 Francis Meres reported that Michael Drayton is now in penning in English verse a poem called "Pola-olbion." Prince Henry, to whom it was dedicated, held Drayton in esteem; for it appears from Sir David Murray's account of the privy purse expenses of the prince that Drayton was an annuitant to the expense of 10l. a year. In 1619 Drayton collected into a small folio all the poems (with the exception of the 'Poly-Olbion') that he wished to preserve, and added some new lyrics. The collection consists of seven parts, each with a distinct title-page dated 1619, but the pagination is continuous. In some copies the general title The of the Bath in 1603 Sir Walter Aston made Drayton one of his esquires (DOUGLAS, Peerage, ed. Wood, i. 127), a title which Drayton afterwards used somewhat ostentatiously, In 'Poems by Michaell Draiton Esquire,' 1605, the word Esquire' is made to occupy a line by itself. About 1605 appeared the undated Poemes Lyrick and Pastorall: Odes, Eglogs, the Man in the Moone,' 8vo, with a dedication to Sir Walter Aston. The volume contains some of Drayton's choicest work. Here first appeared the famous Ballad of Agincourt,' which is unquestionably the most spirited of English martial lyrics; the fine ode 'To the Virginian Voyage,' the charming canzonet To his coy Love,' the address 'To Cupid,' and other delightful poems. Two of the odes ('Sing we the Rose' and the address to John Savage) were never reprinted; the rest of the volume, after revision, was included in the 1619 folio. The col-page is undated; in others it bears date 1620. lection of 'Poems,' 1605, 8vo, with commendatory verses by Thomas Greene, Sir John Beaumont, Sir William Alexander, &c., embraces The Barons' Wars,' 'England's Heroical Epistles,' 'Idea,' and the Legends.' Other editions appeared in 1608, n. d., 1610, and 1613. The edition of 1610 has at the end an additional leaf containing a commendatory sonnet by Selden. In 1607 Drayton published another of his legends, 'The Legend of Great Cromwell,' which was republished with alterations in 1609, and was included in the 1610 Mirour for Magistrates.' The first eighteen songs of Drayton's longest and most famous poem, ' Poly-Olbion, or a Chorographicall Description of all the Tracts, Rivers, Mountaines, Forests, and other Parts ... of Great Britaine,' fol., appeared in 1613, with an engraved as well as a printed titlepage, a portrait by Hole of Prince Henry, to whom the work was dedicated, and eighteen maps. To each song are appended copious annotations, full of antiquarian learning, by John Selden. A second part, containing songs xix-xxx, was written later, and the complete poem (with commendatory verses before the second part by William Browne, George Wither, and John Reynolds) was published in 1622. Selden's annotations are confined to the first part. It is not surprising that Drayton experienced some difficulty in finding a publisher for so voluminous a work. In a letter to William Drummond of Hawthornden, dated 14 April 1619, he writes: 'I thank you, my dear, sweet Drummond, for your good opinion of "Poly-olbion." I have done twelve books more;... but it lieth by me, for the booksellers and I are in terms. They are a company of base knaves, whom I - both scorn and kick at.' The nature of the At the back of the general title-page is a portrait of Drayton, engraved by Hole, and round the portrait is inscribed 'Effigies Michaelis Drayton, Armigeri, Poetæ Clariss. Ætat. suæ L. A Chr. C15. DC. XIII.' A fresh volume of miscellaneous poems, 'The Battaile of Agincourt,' &c., appeared in 1627, sm. fol. Here was published for the first time the dainty and inimitable fairy poem, 'Nimphidia.' Shepheards Sirena' and 'The Quest of Cynthia' are agreeably written, though the latter poem is far too long. 'The Battaile of Agincourt' (not to be confused with 'The Ballad of Agincourt') and 'The Miseries of Queen Margarite' contain some spirited passages, but tax the reader's patience severely. Among the 'elegies' is the interesting 'Epistle to Henry Reynolds,' in which Drayton delivers his views on the merits of various contemporary English poets. It may be doubted whether Drayton had any great liking for the drama; his praise of Shakespeare is tame in comparison with his enthusiasm for Spenser. One epistle is addressed to William Browne of Tavistock, and another to George Sandys, the translator of Ovid's Metamorphoses; 'both are written in a tone of sadness. An Elegie vpon the death of the Lady Penelope Clifton' and Vpon the three Sonnes of the Lord Sheffield, drowned in Humber' had previously appeared in Henry Fitzgeoffrey's Certayn Elegies,' 1617. At the beginning of the volume are commendatory verses by I. Vaughan, John Reynolds, and the fine 'Vision of Ben Jonson on the Muses of his friend, M. Drayton,' which opens with the question whether he was a friend to Drayton. When he visited William Drummond of Hawthornden in 1619, Jonson stated that 'Drayton feared him; and he [Jonson] esteemed not of him [Drayton],' |