NOTE.-April, 1835.-As the reader may wish to know the present political state of Chile, the editor subjoins the following extract from the last letter which he has received from that country, and dated Santiago, 22d September, 1834:-"I am happy to say that the country still enjoys perfect quiet. Liberal ideas, and the freedom of the press, are daily becoming more unknown. The power of the priesthood is every where unchecked; but you know too well the value of tranquillity to us foreigners in these countries to suppose that we repine."

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Amongst the guests was a Chileno who had been in the United States as chargé d'affaires. Speaking of our country, and those things which struck him as curious, he told the gentlemen that our 'prisons are secure without military guards, and that he had seen no soldiers in the country except the volunteer corps on holidays :' contrasted with the countries of South America, where even the municipal police consists of soldiers, this circumstance is striking. This gentleman remarked farther, that 'previous to the revolution of 1829, Chile had advanced in slow sure steps; but since that period society had split into political parties, and the social intercourse created and cherished by the Sociedad Filarmonica had almost ceased.'

"The Philharmonic Society was instituted in 1827, for improving and fostering the native taste for music, and creating a more generally social intercourse."-Three Years in the Pacific, 1831-1834, by an Officer in the United States' Navy."

From the same author we learn that, in the Chilian constitution of May 1833, it is decreed that the religion of the republic is "the Roman Catholic Apostolic. The nation protects it by all the means that conform to the spirit of the Evangelist, and will not permit the exercise of any other."

MAJOR-GENERAL TUPPER.

THIS officer, the third son of Daniel Tupper, Esq., by his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of E. Dobree, Esq., of Beauregard, was born in Guernsey, 25th September, 1727, and was brother of E. Tupper,* jurat, grandfather of the subjects of the two preceding memoirs. He obtained his commission by purchase in General Churchill's regiment of marines, that corps being then somewhat differently constituted to what it is now; and it also then appears to have been a more favorite service, although none has ever been more distinguished, as in the annual army list for 1777 we find the only six majors to be

John Tupper..... Mar.30, 1771 | William Souter... July 27, 1775 Hon. Frs. Napier.. July 21, 1771 | Hon. J. Maitland.. Oct. 1, 1775 John Hughes..... Apr. 12, 1773 | Alexander Trotter. Nov. 15, 1775

Major Tupper was employed in North America at the commencement of the revolutionary war, and he succeeded to the command of the marines, of whom there were two battalions at Bunker's Hill, in 1775, after the fall of the gallant Major Pitcairn, when he was honorably mentioned in the general orders of the day. A bullet grazed his right cheek, and drew blood. In this sanguinary attack the marines behaved with their usual gallantry, and it was they who, after the regiments of the line had been twice repulsed by a most murderous fire, carried the provincial defences by storm. Cooper, the American novelist, in his

* See page 48.

"Lionel Lincoln," thus describes a scene in the battle: :

"Push on with the -th!" cried the veteran major of marines —“push on, or the 18th will get the honor of the day!" "We cannot," murmured the soldiers of the

fire is too heavy!"

-th;

66 their

“Then break, and let the marines pass through you.' The feeble battalion melted away, and the warriors of the deep, trained to conflicts of hand to hand, sprang forward, with a shout, in their places. The Americans, exhausted of their ammunition, now sunk sullenly back, a few hurling stones at their foes, in desperate indignation. The cannon of the British had been brought to enfilade the short breast-work, which was no longer tenable; and as the columns approached closer to the low rampart, it became a mutual protection to the adverse parties.

"Hurrah! for the Royal Irish!" again shouted M'Fuse, rushing up the trifling ascent, which was but of little more than his own height.

Hurrah!" repeated Pitcairn, waving his sword on another angle of the work—" the day's our own!"

One more sheet of flame issued out of the bosom of the work, and all those brave men, who had emulated the examples of their officers, were swept away, as if a whirlwind passed along. The grenadier gave his war-cry once more, and pitched headlong among his enemies; while Pitcairn fell back into the arms of his own child. The cry of "Forward, 47th!" rang through the ranks, and in their turn this veteran battalion mounted the ramparts. In the shallow ditch Lionel passed the expiring marine, aud caught the dying and despairing look from his eye, and in another instant he found himself in the presence of his foes. As company followed company into the defenceless redoubt, the Americans sullenly retired by its rear, keeping the bayonets of the soldiers at bay, with clubbed muskets and sinewy arms. When the whole issued upon the open ground, the husbandmen received a close and fatal fire from the battalions, which were now gathering around them on three sides. A scene of wild and savage confusion succeeded to the order of the fight, and many fatal blows were given and taken, the mélée rendering the use of fire-arms nearly impossible for several minutes.

*This circumstance, as, indeed, most of the others, is believed to be accurately true.

Major Tupper was promoted about two years after, and on the 16th May, 1781, obtained the rank of colonel. In the life and correspondence of Lord Rodney we find two letters in the second volume, of which the following are extracts:

SIR GEORGE RODNEY to PHILIP STEPHENS, Esq., Secretary of the Admiralty.

Arrogant, Cawsand Bay, 30th Dec. 1781.

On considering the great number of marines belonging to the fleet their Lordships have put under my command, and that the very important service on which I am ordered may render it necessary for his Majesty's service to land bodies of them to attack the public enemy, and co-operate with his Majesty's land forces, I must beg leave to suggest to their lordships the utility of field-officers to command the different bodies of marines that it may be necessary to land in the different operations in which I may be employed.

Experience has taught me that captains of marines are not proper officers to command large detachments of troops, and that discipline is not so well maintained as when field-officers of rank command them. I therefore hope their lordships will take the matter into consideration, and that I shall have the pleasure of seeing marine field-officers arrive in the West Indies in the squadron which their lordships have appointed to follow me.

I will venture to affirm that it will be attended with great consequences to his Majesty's service, and may prevent much confusion, whenever it may be necessary to employ the marines on shore.

EARL OF SANDWICH to SIR GEORGE RODNEY.

January 2d, 1782.

Though I hope this letter will not find you still at Plymouth, I cannot avoid letting it take its chance, in order to tell you that I entirely approve of your idea of having some field-officers of marines. We shall therefore give immediate orders, that three field-officers of that corps do either go with you, or come out in the next ships that are ordered to join you.

Colonel Tupper was in consequence selected to command the marines in the fleet, consisting of nearly forty sail of the line, ten or twelve frigates, and seve