his horse and carriage, and more expeditiously completing the new surface, it was not possible to provide a closely fitted road, which should have its interstices filled up by the chip and grit from the stones themselves, and which was an essential desideratum according to the Macadam theory. His principle was that no water should enter the surface of the road or penetrate beneath the crust. To keep water out of the road was one of the most essential points, if it was to be efficient. He strongly condemned any insertion of loose material into the interstices of the metal, or allowing water to enter between the stones of the crust. These maxims of Macadam came to be disregarded when steam rolling was introduced. When rolling was to be done in one operation, a device had to be resorted to, that the spaces between the stones might be closed by added packing, and this has been done by making what can only be described as a soup of dirt and water and pouring it upon the stones and brushing and rolling this liquid mud into the crust of the road. The road thus when opened for use is crusted with a coating of stones, the only binding of which is water thickened with dirt, or perhaps dirt diluted with water is the proper description. The result is that it can never be a good road in wet weather, and can never be a good road in dry weather. As long as it is in a slightly damp state, and not subjected to severe wet weather or longcontinued drought, it may be a fairly good road. In wet weather water can get in where it has come out, reproducing the mud soup, and the traffic squeezes it up and out of the road. In dry weather, the binding being reduced in bulk and loosened by the evaporation of the moisture which gave the inserted dirt some cohesion, the stones move and are picked out of the surface, and so holes are left for the water to lodge in the dirt below when again rain begins to fall. What would Macadam say, if he could visit the scene of his scientific labours, to hear the phrase "water binding" used to describe the means employed for consolidating the crust. To call a water-formed road a macadamised road is a contradiction in terms. His emphatic declaration was: "Every road is to be made of broken stones, without mixture of earth, clay, chalk, or any other matter that will imbibe water." But further, the road roller has not in another aspect proved to be an unmixed blessing. For it is not uncommon to see that its use has developed another evil. The heavy road roller coming on to a layer of stones, surrounded with liquid and therefore non-resisting mud, and pressing down the stones by its weight, necessarily must move the water and the dirt in suspension, otherwise the stones would not go close together. The liquid is therefore squeezed out of the way, and as the great width of the roller prevents its escape sideways, except at the edges, it must go forwards, and (water being practically incompressible) forces the water and the dirt and the stones in front upwards, forming a ridge in front. The roller advances, and when it cannot force the ridge farther forward, it then mounts it and descends in front, and so da capo, with the consequence that the road becomes a series of ridges and furrows, and when drying up resembles a mackerel's side, a series of dark-toned wet hollows and light-toned dry mounds. No worse state of matters for the traveller and his vehicle, or for durability of the road surface, can be conceived. THE FUTURE. What is the road of the future to be? It is a question which all who are associated with the management of roads have come to see calls imperatively for an answer. The problem is to find the best mode by which a road can be constructed, which will not have its surface broken by traffic, and will make transit easier both for passengers and goods, and shall neither form puddle holes nor exude mud to clog the vehicles and to form thick dust when the weather is dry; in short, that there shall be no loose material from the road, except the small quantity caused by surface wear, which it is found is but trifling when a sound crust has been rolled in. That such a road can be laid anyone may see by paying a visit to the Thames Embankment, the traffic on which was small formerly, the road being shunned as one of the worst in the country, but which is now used by an enormous number of vehicles, often as many as 1600 in an hour. It will be seen there that water on the surface dries off very quickly, there being no mass of mud to hold it, and that in the driest weather there is practically no dust. No watering is done during the day, the surface receiving one washing during the night, because of the horse traffic. But there is no need for the use of water carts by day. Even during the long drought of 1911 there was no watering, yet there was no appreciable dust. The necessity for the development of road improvement as a matter of national concern is now recognised, and this has led to the establishment of the Road Board, as a Government department, to the charge of which the money raised by taxation of motor vehicles and motor fuel is handed over to be administered in aid of road improvement. The Board encourages road improvement by giving grants in aid to those road authorities who undertake works of improvement in their districts. The Board has also been conducting, and will continue to conduct through their engineer and technical advisers, experiments, both in the laboratory and on the road itself. I shall conclude by directing your attention to some of the results of recent experiments, by which I think you will see that it has been possible for the Board with the aid of its staff, and the experience of numerous surveyors who have been experimenting for many years, to obtain valuable and practical information, as regards the choice of material, its manipulation, its proportions, and the mode of laying it, which may ensure that good roads can be made. roads which will keep their surface sound for twice as long as the water-bound macadam road, and will not become uneven and break into holes, which was the fate of all the roads of the past. The question: "What shall be the weight-bearing crust?" is one of vast importance, and this is engaging the attention of the advisers to the Road Board. I do not intend to dogmatise on the subject, but only to show you what steps of progress are being made, what has already been consummated in the production of roads which are to the old water-bound macadam what the genuine macadam was to the old track of foot-deep mud and bulky stones. One thing is now universally recognised, that the road of the future shall be a truly bound road, in which, whatever kind of stone is used-a matter into which there is not time to enter that stone shall be held together by some pitchy or bituminous material, so that it shall be indeed a crust and not something which has no real cohesion, and into which Macadam's enemy, the water, can make its way whenever water falls. That this result has been attained in a practical way is manifest from the pieces of road crust cut out after they have been under traffic for long periods. Roads formed as regards the crust in this way are now common. Many can be seen in Kent and other counties near London, and stretches are being laid throughout the kingdom. Great success was attained by many surveyors, and notably at an early date by Mr. Hooley, of Nottingham, in putting together road crusts with the aid of tarry components substituted for mud binding. I have probably said enough to show that a good road, which shall keep smooth, be impervious to water, and not tend to disintegrate, is now an accomplished fact, and I only need to add that the cost, taken over a series of years, will not be more indeed there is good ground to believe it will be less-than that of a road as it has been constructed in the past. One question remains-will it not be well to endeavour to provide an elastic skin or carpet to lie between the vehicle and the bearing crust? The laboratory experiments made seem to indicate that this will be accomplished. Research has been made with pitch and with bitumen, and the conclusion has been reached that pitch will not give satisfactory results, but bitumen will do so. A stick of pitchy material has very little resiliency when subjected to strain. A bitumen stick of the same size is capable of being twisted without fracture, and when freed slowly resumes its shape. It is expected that with such material laid on the top of the main road crust and integrated with it a valuable road protection will be supplied, so that the road crust will be practically permanent, the upper protecting sheet being remade up and relaid required. as For the carpet or topping, the case is somewhat different from the crust. Here strength is not of so much importance as the elastic and silencing qualities, and the freedom from liability to produce any dust in summer or mud in winter. Another requirement which is very difficult to meet in this transition age is that of giving a surface good for motor and mechanical transport, and which will not be slippery, and will afford good foothold for horses. The carpet must be a compromise; it must not be as hard as motorists would wish for, but just so hard that it will wear a little and yet be cheap and easy to maintain. UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL Science announces that the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has received from a donor whose name for the present is anonymous a gift of 500,000l. for the erection of the buildings on its new site. SINCE our last issue, Lord Haldane, chairman of the Royal Commission on University Education in London, has received a promise of 50,000l. towards the purchase of the site on the Duke of Bedford's estate north of the British Museum for London University. This brings the total amount subscribed for a new site and Senate house for the University to 355,000l. THE new buildings of the Spinning Section of the Textile Department of the University of Leeds will be opened by the Master of the Clothworkers' Company on Friday, April 26. The ceremony, at which the chancellor of the University (the Duke of Devonshire) will be present, will take place in the hall of the University. The Clothworkers' Company, whose liberality has made the new extension possible, will be represented by the Master (Mr. F. G. Fitch), the Warden (Mr. G. H. Nussey), Mr. A. W. Snow, Sir Owen Roberts, Sir Swire Smith, Mr. William Latham, K.C., and the Right Hon. G. W. Balfour. A PRIZE fellowship of 120l. was offered by the Federation of University Women in December last, open to women who have been engaged during a number of years in research, the results of which have been published. Thirteen applications were received, investigations in zoology, geology, physiology, botany, physics, history, Oriental religions, English literature, French literature, and philosophy being submitted. The fellowship has been awarded to Miss C. E. Spurgeon, docteur de l'Université de Paris, lecturer in English literature at Bedford College, London. Miss Spurgeon's published work deals chiefly with mysticism in poetry and with Chaucer criticism. THE annual report on the work and progress of University College, London, has just been issued. The total number of students during the session 1910-11 was 1600; of this number there were in the faculty of science 197 undergraduate and non-matriculated students, and 90 postgraduate and research students. The report contains a résumé of the chief activities of the year, together with appendices showing the list of original papers and other publications recording the results of investigations carried on in the college. There is also a summary of the important developments of the year. Among these, the two most noteworthy are to be found in the progress made in the scheme for new chemical laboratories, due especially to the gift by Sir Ralph C. Forster of 30,000l. towards the buildings, and in the anonymous benefaction of 30,000l. primarily for the building of the new School of Architecture. The report shows that a sum of about 10,000l. is still required to complete the new chemical laboratories. IN an address at Boston on March 6, Dr. R. C. Maclaurin, president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said nearly everyone recognises today the power and might of science, and nearly everyone pays it at least the homage of the lips. He reviewed some of the controversies that marked the foundation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was attacked only a half-century ago on the ground that science is antagonistic to humanity. The idea was that science was unsuited to be an instrument of education because it dealt with nature rather than with men. This limited idea can find little favour to-day, when science is seen to be human to the core. Even when it deals with nature it deals with man's views of nature; but, apart from this, half a century of its sway has displayed to the world something of the immensity of its power to make for human betterment. Science in the service of man," continued Dr. Maclaurin, "is indeed the watchword of modern progress, and men and women who could serve their fellows in the future will find themselves handicapped unless they have learned to serve with the method and in the spirit of science." THE recently published report of the Board of Education for the year 1910-11 (Cd. 6116) gives much useful information concerning the number of efficient secondary schools in England and of pupils in them. The total number of schools regarded as eligible for grant during 1910-11 was 862, as compared with 841 during 1909–10. In these schools there were, on January 31, 1911, 79,506 boys and 66,378 girls, as compared with 76,699 boys and 64,450 girls in 1910. There were 96 other schools recognised by the Board as efficient during 1910-11, though they were not on the grant list. In these schools on the date given above there were 9946 boys and 7666 girls. So far as the number of pupils in public elementary schools is concerned, the report shows that in 1910-11 the number under five continued to fall, as in previous years, and, in addition, during this year there was a decrease of 8118 in the number of pupils over twelve; the number between five and twelve rose by 32,169, and the net decrease of pupils of all ages was 7482. During 1910-11 the average number on the registers decreased by 0.11 per cent., the average attendance increased by o-09 per cent., and the percentage of regularity rose to 89.15. SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. Royal Society, March 28.-Sir Archibald Geikie, K.C.B., president, in the chair.-Dr. G. J. Burch: A confusion test for colour blindness. A sheet of perforated zinc is fixed in the focal plane of a convex lens of about eight diopters, through which the observer looks. On a card six in. or so farther off is painted a design in confusion colours, e.g. red and blue letters on a dark-green ground. The red-blind can distinguish the blue letters but not the red, though these are far more conspicuous to the normal. The letters being out of focus, brush marks are invisible, and new designs can be easily drawn. Other colours are: Geranium red with French grey; emerald green with yellow ochre; lilac with blue-this last being a test also for the green-blind.-Clifford Dobell : The systematic position of the Spirochæts. The paper is a brief summary of certain results obtained from a detailed study of the morphology of a large number of Spirochats and related organisms. It is maintained that the Spirochats cannot be regarded as Protozoa, but that they must be classified among the Schizophyta, and that in the latter group they must be placed among the Bacteria and not among the Cyanophyceæ.-E. C. Snow: The influence of selection and assortative mating on the ancestral and fraternal correlations of a Mendelian population. Using the simple hypothesis of Mendel, the author investigates by analytical methods the numerical effect on the ancestral and fraternal correlations of dealing with samples (a) which are not true random samples of the general population and which mate with no sexual selection; (b) which are perfectly random samples of the general population but mate with certain intensity of assortative mating; (c) which are selected samples showing assortative mating. So far as numerical results are concerned, the investigation supports the view that the Mendelian hypothesis can be employed to give confirmation to results which have at first sight appeared paradoxical (e.g. the closeness of the resemblance between first cousins) and to give a rough indication of the probable results in cases for which actual statistical data are inadequate (e.g. the inquiry into the effects on the offspring of inbreeding of various degrees).—T. Lewis and M. D. D. Gilder: The human electrocardiogram; a preliminary investigation of young male adults, to form a basis of pathological study.-C. Revis: The production of variation in the physiological activity of Bacillus coli by the use of malachite-green. Bacillus coli can be trained to grow in nutrient broth containing malachite-green. gradually increasing the percentage of the malachitegreen the organisms will develop readily in presence of o 10 per cent. In most cases the organism at the same time undergoes a profound change in its physiological activity towards sugars and polyhydric alcohols, acid only being produced in certain of these, from which the organism originally produced both acid and gas, the power of gas formation being permanently lost. In one instance this change in physiological activity was accompanied by equally profound morphological and cultural changes, the resultant organism being quite different from that from which it had been produced. The change brought about by mala By chite-green indicates a connection between the typhoid and coli groups and the possibility of development of organisms of the one into those of the other.-Muriel Robertson: Notes on some flagellate infections found in certain Hemiptera in Uganda.-Muriel Robertson : Notes on certain aspects of the development of T. gambiense in Glossina palpalis.-Dr. H. L. Duke: Antelopes and their relation to trypanosomiasis.F. P. Knowlton and Prof. E. H. Starling: The nature of pancreatic diabetes (preliminary communication). Zoological Society, March 19.-Dr. S. F. Harmer, F.R.S., vice-president, in the chair.-E. W. Shann: Observations on some Alcyonaria from Singapore, with a brief discussion on the classification of the family Nephthyidæ. All the specimens had been obtained in shallow water, from low water-mark to a depth of about 10 fathoms, and of the eleven species dealt with in this paper, representing six different families, four were described as new.-Sir George H. Kenrick A list of moths of the family Pyralidæ collected by Felix B. Pratt and Charles B. Pratt in Dutch New Guinea in 1909-10, with descriptions of new species. T H. Withers: Some early fossil cirripedes of the genus Scalpellum. Attention was directed to the form of the carina of the geologically older species of Scalpellum, and it was shown that the earliest forms known resembled more closely the carina of Pollicipes, from which Scalpellum is considered to be derived. Royal Meteorological Society, March 20.-Dr. H. N. Dickson, president, in the chair.-Prof. Otto Pettersson: The connection between hydrographical and meteorological phenomena. Experiments carried on during the last four years at Bornoe, in Sweden. have shown that the inflow of the undercurrent from the North Sea into the Kattegat-which brings the herring shoals in winter to the Swedish coast-is oscillatory, the boundary surface of the deep water rising and sinking from 50 to 80 ft. about twice a month. The phenomenon is governed by the moon's declination and proximity to the earth. From astronomical data, Prof. Pettersson concludes that the influence both of the sun and of the moon upon the waters of the ocean in winter about the time of the solstice must have been greater 600 to 700 years ago than at the present time. This must have caused a more intense circulation, of which we have conclusive evidence in the fact that the migrations of the herring -which now only reach as far as to the Kattegat-in those centuries extended into the Baltic. The hypothesis first proposed by A. W. Ljungman in 1870 that the periodicity of the great secular herring fishery of Bohusland should agree with that of the sunspots is by no means incompatible with the pheno mena here described, since the fourteenth century is noted in Chinese annals as an epoch of maximum solar activity, and since the sun-spot frequency curve of Wolfer can be reconstructed by harmonic analysis. using the moon's apsides and nodal period as the basis of the analysis. Royal Microscopical Society, March 20.- -Mr. E. Heron. Allen, vice-president, in the chair.-C. F. Rousselet: Four Rotifera from the Devil's Lake, a large brackishwater lake in North Dakota. The point of interest was that all four species lived in brackish water only. One, Pedalion fennicum, was first found in Finland: another was a new species, Brachionus spatiosus; the third, Brachionus satanicus, Rousselet, known only from this locality, and the fourth was Asplanchna silvestrii, Daday, 9, showing dimorphism in the female.-F. Enock: Fairy flies and their hosts. MANCHESTER. Literary and Philosophical Society, March 19.-Prof. F. E. Weiss, president, in the chair.-Prof. S. J. Hickson: Note on a specimen of a recent coral, Endopachys grayi, from the Persian Gulf. Three out of the four known specimens of this species were until quite recently in the possession of the Manchester Museum, but one has, however, been presented to the British Museum of Natural History. One specimen was reported as having been found in the China Sea. -C. E. Stromeyer: Note upon the surface ridges and hollows of tramway and railway lines.-R. F. Gwyther: The complete formal solution of the equations of stress in cartesian, and in cylindrical and spherical coordinates. The paper dealt with the stresses in materials, independently of any assumption as to their nature, and so applicable to all structural materials, such as iron, steel, and concrete, as well as to stresses of earth on retaining walls, and perhaps of grain in grain tins or bunkers. Most theoretical applications have been made to substances assumed to obey Hooke's law connecting stress and strain, and also applied to substances which are certainly not of that character. The method can be applied to the subject of geophysics.-Dr. H. G. A. Hickling Variation of Planorbis multiformis. The shell exhibited every gradation from a perfectly flat type to one with a high spire. The mean type is represented by a large number of specimens, while the extreme types are scarce. The curve representing the various types is a simple variation curve, thus proving that all the forms belong to a single species. Great variation occurs in other characters of the shells, and these variations appear to be independent of one another. : EDINBURGH. a a Royal Society, March 4.-Prof. T. Hudson Beare, vice-president, in the chair.-Dr. J. W. Evans: The geometry of twin crystals. The paper contained a somewhat novel way of considering the mathematical relationships in twin crystals.-E. M. Wedderburn : Temperature observations in Loch Earn, with a further contribution to the hydrodynamical theory of temperature oscillations in lakes. With the help of some two dozen students of science in Edinburgh and Dundee, Mr. Wedderburn made careful study of the simultaneous temperature variations at number of selected stations along Loch Earn during August of last year. The oscillations of the temperature seiche could be clearly traced. At certain stations measurements of current were also made. A modified theory gave a formula for the period of the seiche which agreed within 5 per cent. of the observed period. James Russell: Transverse induction changes in demagnetised and partially demagnetised iron in relation to the molecular theory of magnetism. Iron tubes were magnetised spirally by applied longitudinal and circular magnetic fields, and these were reduced by diminishing alternations until the tube was left in an apparently neutral condition. The æolotropy left in the material was proved by the transverse induction change produced by application of a given field. These transverse changes were compared with what was deduced from a special theory of molecular magnetism. The comparison was satisfactory. March 18. Dr. James Burgess, C.I.E., vice-president, in the chair.-Dr. W. T. Gordon: Rhetinangium Arberi, a new type of fossil stem from Pettycur. This new genus and species is important on account of its relationship to other forms. It resembles Heterangium in many points, but is most closely allied to Kidston's new genus, Stenomyclon. The new form seems to be a phyllogenetic link between the lower Pteridosperms as represented by Heter angium and the higher members of that group.-Dr. John Aitken: The sun as a fog-producer. It was noticed some years ago that at Falkirk fogs frequently began to form just at sunrise. Observations during the last four winters showed that when the wind was light and came from an impure direction (that is, from densely inhabited areas), and was damp, but not necessarily saturated, a fog invariably formed if the sun shone, but did not form if there was no sunshine; also that when the wind came from a pure direction, the sun had no fog-producing effect. Experiments were then made on vessels filled with various products of coal combustion, and the conclusion was come to that the fogs were caused by the action of the sun on the products of the sulphur in the coal, and also to the sunshine forming hydrogen peroxide in the air. In this way particles are formed which can condense vapour in unsaturated air. Radio-activity and the electric discharge had a similar action. : PARIS. The Academy of Sciences, March 25.-M. F. Guyon in the chair.-Maurice Hamy and M. Millochau: The new star in the constellation of the Twins (see p. 121).— H. Poincaré: The diffraction of the Hertzian waves. Remarks on a dissertation by M. March, in which conclusions are drawn which are in contradiction to those previously published by M. Poincaré. It is shown that this difference is due to an error in the method employed in the approximation of an integral. -A. Lacroix: The deposits of corundum in Madagascar. These deposits result from the metamorphism of aluminous sediments under the influence of granite; their practical utilisation is doubtful owing to the discontinuous nature of the deposits.-W. Kilian and Ch. Jacob: The tectonic of the mountains situated between Mt. Blanc and the small St. Bernard.-M. Metchnikoff was elected a Foreign Associate in the place of the late Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker.-Fr. Iniguez: The new star, Nova Geminorum. Observations made at the Observatory of Madrid. spectrum showed two superimposed spectra, one with bright lines of hydrogen, the other an absorption spectrum rich in lines in the neighbourhood of Hy.-Ch. Platrier Contribution to a theorem on the integral equations of Fredholm of the third species.-Rodolphe Soreau The graphical resolution of the trinomial equation with any exponents.-A. Leduc The specific heats of vapours in the immediate neighbourhood of saturation. The theoretical investigation given is applied to the case of water.-Louis Dunoyer: New observations on the fluorescence of sodium vapour. Details are given of the special precautions taken to ensure the purity of the sodium employed. The fluorescence obtained was yellow, and examined spectroscopically was found to show only the D line. A. Cotton and H. Mouton: Magnetic double refraction and chemical constitution. Ed. Chauvenet: The hydrates of zirconyl chloride. Thermochemical data for the hydrates of zirconyl chloride.-M. DublancqLaborde The existence of metamorphosed limestone blocks in the older tufa of Mount Pelée.-Pierre Lesage: The limits of germination of seeds submitted to the action of various solutions.-J. E. Abelous and E. Bardier: The mechanism of anaphylaxis.-Ch. Gravier: Some parasitic Crustacea arising from the second French Antarctic expedition. Mieczyslaw Oxner Experiments on memory and its nature in a marine fish, Serranus scriba. The proof has been obtained that this fish can clearly associate the sensation of feeding with the red colour of a cylinder in which the food was placed.-O. Duboscq and Ch. Lebailly: Spirella canis, a new genera and new species, a spirillum from the stomach of the dog.Gabriel Bertrand, M. and Mme. Rosenblatt: Increase in the activity of the sucrase of Aspergillus in presence of various acids.-Pierre Gérard: The amount of potassium and sodium in the different organs of the dog. 66 CALCUTTA. Asiatic Society of Bengal, March 6.-G. R. Kaye: Mediæval references to "Indian mathematics." This paper gives numerous references to so-called "Indian mathematics," &c., by Western mediæval authorsArabic and European. Mahommed Vin Musa, Avicenna, Masudi, Omar-al-Khayyam," Leonardo Finbonacci, John of Holywood, Jordanus Saxo, Maximus Planudes, and many others have often been quoted as expositors of Hindu mathematics, and many of them actually themselves designate their arithmetic and the arithmetical notation they use as "Indian." But the "Indian" arithmetic they exhibit has practically nothing in common with the Hindu mathematical works of Aryabhati, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara, &c., and the "Indian" symbols they show are all of Arabic forms. We have, then, to choose between the exotic and the indigenous or orthodox Hindu exposition. The present author prefers to accept the Hindu works as really representative, and rejects the Western evidence where it does not agree with the Hindu evidence.W. Kirkpatrick: Primitive exogamy and the caste system. The Sirki Wálás, or the reed-mat folk, "he that lives under a mat," are an aggregate of tribes of a Gipsy character distributed over the United Provinces. There are numerous branches of this nomadic race. The fact that none of these branches intermarry only points to their being endogamous sections of one original family. Each endogamous section is subdivided up into exogamous septs of occupational, ethnic, eponymous, and totemic origin. All these casteless people are gradually coming under the influence of the caste system. Caste in India, in whatever direction its evolution, is dominated by the Jus Connubii. The constant creation of separate connubial groups in modern Hinduism has its origin in the instinct which taught man to seek his bride from another camp, which goes back to marriage by capture, which is exogamy in its most primitive form. The Kingdom of Man. By Sir E. Ray Lankester. New edition. Pp. x+114. (London: Watts and Co.) 6d. A Geological Excursion Handbook for the Bristol District. By Prof. S. H. Reynolds. Pp. 224. (Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, Ltd.) 3s. 6d. net. Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. By O. Meissner. Pp. iv+64. (Leipzig and Berlin: B. G. Teubner.) The Science of Hygiene. By W. C. C. Pakes. New edition, revised by Dr. A. T. Nankivell. Pp. xi+ 164. (London: Methuen and Co., Ltd.) 5s. net. Elements of Hydrostatics. By G. W. Parker. viii+150. (London: Longmans and Co.) 25. Der Mythus von der Sintflut. By Ġ. Ger Pp. v+124. (Bonn: A. Marcus and E. We 3 marks. Junior Heat. By Dr. J. Satterly. Pp. viii+ (London: W. B. Clive.) 25. On the Physiology of the Semicircular Canals their Relation to Sea-sickness. By Dr. J. By Pp. ix+569. (New York: J. T. Dougherty; Lond H. K. Lewis.) 12s. 6d. net. Einführung in die höhere Mathematik Studierende und zum Selbststudium. By Prof. von Mangoldt. Zweiter Band. Pp. xi+ 566. (L zig: S. Hirzel). 14.40 marks. Red Water.-John E. Mackenzie; T. M. Finlay 113 April Meteor-showers.-John R. Henry Man of Neanderthal Type in the Cambridge Fens. (Illustrated.) By Prof. T. McKenny Hughes, F.R. S. The International Radium Standard. Notes . . . 113 114 115 116 Our Astronomical Column : The Spectrum and Orbit of 8 Scorpii. Observations of Nova Geminorum No. 2 The Flying Reptiles of the Chalk Period. (Illustrated.) By A. S. W.. 121 121 121 122 123 The Institution of Naval Architects. 124 The International Smoke Abatement Exhibition. By J. B. C. . . 125 |