Manual of Geology: Theoretical and Practical, Volume 2C. Griffin, 1885 - Geology |
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Page xiii
... Lias . 373 ( 4. ) In Glamorganshire 369 Foreign correlations 374 Foreign correlation 369 Lias in N. W. Lincolnshire 374 CHAPTER XXXIV . THE MIDDLE LIAS . Distribution 376 Subdivisions and range Development 384 376 Foreign Correlation ...
... Lias . 373 ( 4. ) In Glamorganshire 369 Foreign correlations 374 Foreign correlation 369 Lias in N. W. Lincolnshire 374 CHAPTER XXXIV . THE MIDDLE LIAS . Distribution 376 Subdivisions and range Development 384 376 Foreign Correlation ...
Page xiv
... LIAS . PAGE Foreign paleontological relations 399 Zone of Ammonites ( Lytoceras ) Jurensis • 401 395 · 396 397 • 398 Annulatus Zone of Ammonites ( Harpoceras ) Serpentinus The Jet - rock series Zone of Ammonites ( Harpoceras ) Bifrons ...
... LIAS . PAGE Foreign paleontological relations 399 Zone of Ammonites ( Lytoceras ) Jurensis • 401 395 · 396 397 • 398 Annulatus Zone of Ammonites ( Harpoceras ) Serpentinus The Jet - rock series Zone of Ammonites ( Harpoceras ) Bifrons ...
Page xx
... Lias 46. Triassic Deposits of Germany 47. Summary of Triassic Life . 326 • 329 • 341 " 344 • 345 345-347 48. GENERAL ... Lias Stages in France • 53. The Lias - Three Divisions of the Bucklandi Zone 54. Distribution of the Ammonitidæ ...
... Lias 46. Triassic Deposits of Germany 47. Summary of Triassic Life . 326 • 329 • 341 " 344 • 345 345-347 48. GENERAL ... Lias Stages in France • 53. The Lias - Three Divisions of the Bucklandi Zone 54. Distribution of the Ammonitidæ ...
Page xxi
... Lias , Fauna of , in Five Localities . 57. Fauna of the Margaritatus and Spinatus Zones 58. Distribution of the Ammonitida through the Zones of the Middle Lias . 59. Ibid through the Upper Lias 60. Cleeve Hill , Structure of . 61 ...
... Lias , Fauna of , in Five Localities . 57. Fauna of the Margaritatus and Spinatus Zones 58. Distribution of the Ammonitida through the Zones of the Middle Lias . 59. Ibid through the Upper Lias 60. Cleeve Hill , Structure of . 61 ...
Page xxiii
... LIAS XVIII . FOSSILS OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE LIAS XIX . FOSSILS OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE LIAS XX . LOWER JURASSIC FOSSILS XXI . LOWER JURASSIC FOSSILS XXII . MIDDLE JURASSIC FOSSILS 392 408 416 470 368 376 PLATE XXIII . UPPER JURASSIC ...
... LIAS XVIII . FOSSILS OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE LIAS XIX . FOSSILS OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE LIAS XX . LOWER JURASSIC FOSSILS XXI . LOWER JURASSIC FOSSILS XXII . MIDDLE JURASSIC FOSSILS 392 408 416 470 368 376 PLATE XXIII . UPPER JURASSIC ...
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Common terms and phrases
Actinozoa Agnostus Ammonites Annelida Archæan Arenig Asaphus Bala beds Brachiopoda Britain calcareous Calymene Cambrian Caradoc Carboniferous limestone Cephalopoda characteristic coal coal-field coal-measures conglomerates Conocoryphe contain Crustacea David's deposits Devonian division Echinodermata fauna feet thick Ffestiniog formation forms fossils Gasteropoda genera genus Geol geological Graptolites grey grits Harlech Hill Homfrayi Hydrozoa Ireland Jurassic known Laurentian Lingula Lingulella Lingulella Davisii Llandeilo Llandovery Llandovery rocks Longmynd Lower Cambrian Lower Lingula flags Lower Llandovery Lower Silurian Lower Tremadoc marine marls Menevian Middle Devonian Middle Lias Murchisoni North Devon North Wales Ogygia Old Red Sandstone Olenus Oolite Orthis Orthoceras palæontological Palæozoic Paradoxides Pelecypoda Permian Phacops Pteropoda Ramsey Island represented Rhynchonella schists Scotland Sedgwick shales Shropshire Silurian Skiddaw slates South Wales species occur species pass Spirifera Stiperstones strata stratigraphical Tremadoc Trilobita Trinucleus unconformity Upper Lingula flags Upper Llandovery Upper Ludlow Upper Silurian Upper Tremadoc Wenlock Woolhope yielded Yorkshire Zone
Popular passages
Page 679 - ... which, if we multiply this depth by the length and breadth of the cavern, will be found to exceed 5000 cubic feet. The whole of this mass has been again and again dug over in search of teeth and bones, which it still contains abundantly, though in broken fragments. The state of these is very different from that of the bones we find in any of the other caverns, being of a black, or, more properly speaking, dark umber colour throughout, and many of them readily crumbling under the finger into a...
Page viii - Numerous TABLES of ORGANIC REMAINS have been prepared and brought down to 1884, embracing the accumulated wealth of the labours of past and present investigators during the last thirty years. Eleven of these Tables contain every known British genus, zoologically or systematically placed, with the number of species in each, showing their broad distribution through time. The remaining 105 Tables are devoted to the analysis, relation, historical value, and distribution of specific life through each...
Page 679 - It is literally true that in this single cavern (the size and proportions of which are nearly equal to those of the interior of a large church) there are hundreds of cart-loads of black animal dust entirely covering the whole floor, to a depth which must average at least six feet, and which, if we multiply this depth by the length and breadth of the cavern, will be found to exceed 5000 cubic feet.
Page 679 - ... in broken fragments. The state of these is very different from that of the bones we find in any of the other caverns, being of a black, or more properly speaking, dark umber colour throughout, and many of them readily crumbling under the finger into a soft dark powder, resembling mummy powder, and being of the same nature with the black earth in which they are embedded. The quantity of animal matter accumulated on this floor...
Page 276 - ... circulars, to which the replies appear to have been exceedingly disproportionate, although the viva voce evidence which they obtained was sufficient. In brief, their conclusions are as follows : — The workable depth of coal mines depends upon human endurance of high temperatures and the possibility of reducing the temperature of the air in contact with heated strata. The mechanical difficulties connected with increased depth, and the cost of steam power for hoisting the deeper coal, do not...
Page 679 - ... were finally dispossessed of their hold by an irruption of water which let fall the muddy sediment now enveloping the bones. The ordinary action of water passing through the calcareous rock then covered the whole with stalagmite, and closed up the bones from the destructive agency of moisture and air. This accounts for the conservation of their gelatine. Few conclusions of this precise nature appear better supported by the facts of the case, and when we reflect on the remarkable analogy in almost...
Page 267 - In some instances a single seam of coal in these strata is sixty feet thick ; and near the middle of the valley, between the Sharp and Broad mountains no less than 65 seams have been counted. The bituminous coal-field, embracing the western part of Pennsylvania, and a part of Ohio, extends over an area of twenty-four thousand square miles ; the largest accumulation of carbonaceous matter probably in the world.
Page 240 - Caermarthen, and part of Brecon, is from 18 to 20 miles ; it becomes much narrower in Pembrokeshire, being there only from 3 to 5 miles. This area extends from Pontypool on the east to St. Bride's Bay on the west, and forms a vast basin of limestone in which all the strata of coal and ironstone are deposited. The...
Page 26 - Hunt, animal life may have afforded part of the carbonaceous material, and, perhaps, as large a part as vegetable life. The presence of graphite in large deposits occurring both in beds and veins in the Laurentian rocks, clearly determines that its origin and deposition were contemporaneous with the mass or containing rock ; the graphite, again, is associated with calcite, quartz, and orthoclase.
Page 267 - ... 65 seams have been counted. The bituminous coal-field, embracing the western part of Pennsylvania, and a part of Ohio, extends over an area of twenty-four thousand square miles ; the largest accumulation of carbonaceous matter probably in the world. In fact, the bituminous coal measures can perhaps be traced almost continuously from Pennsylvania to the Mississippi, and even into Missouri, two hundred miles west of that river. Indeed, coal exists on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains ; and...