are confined to the elm (Ulmus campestris), the mid-bark of which it perforates in a circular direction, in some instances completing the circumference of the tree and depositing eggs during its progress. The larvæ which are produced from these eggs perforate the bark at right angles with the perforation of the mother insect, both upwards and downwards. The female is generally found dead at the end of the circular labyrinth: a tree, when once infected, never fails to fall a victim in the course of a few years to this little destroyer, however large and flourishing.

Notoxus Monoceros is a local British insect, and appears to haunt the sea coast, and the banks of the larger rivers in dry sandy situations; with us on the banks of the Trent, in one spot, it is found in great abundance, at the roots of the tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), and the silver-weed (Potentilla anserina.) It is also very fond of dead muscles that are half dried by the sun. Mr. Marsham has given its habitat on syngenesious flowers, but I have never observed it to take wing.

Of the twenty-five species of Papiliones enumerated in the list of this month, eight only are known to inhabit this county; of which the Polyommatus Alexis, and the Pontia Brassica, Napi, and Cardamines, are common, and the Meletaa Euphrosyne, the Polyommatus Alsus, and the

Pamphila Sylvanus are less frequent: the Papilio Machaon has been taken once at Newark on Trent, and at Welbeck.

Cossus ligniperda, or Goat-moth. A moth of large size and considerable beauty, not uncommon towards the end of this and the beginning of the next month; the larvæ live in the solid wood of the oak, the ash, and the willow, but more particularly the last, which they perforate in various directions. They are very destructive, as may easily be imagined from their duration and size, the length of the full-grown larvæ being four inches, and their period of existence in that state three years. They remain in the state of pupa or chrysalis about three weeks

LAYS OF THE SEASONS.

BY MARY HOWITT.

II.

SUMMER.

'Tis summer-joyous summer time !
In noisy towns no more abide;
The earth is full of radiant things,
Of gleaming flowers and glancing wings
Beauty and joy on every side.

'Tis morn ;-the glorious sun is up,
The dome-like heaven is bright and blue ;
The lark, yet higher and higher ascending,
Pours out his song that knows no ending;
The unfolding flowers are brimmed with dew.