§ 5. THE MODERN DECLENSION. Genitive Singular, en or n. Nominative Plural, en or u. The vowel of the stem is never modified. To this declension belong A. All Masculine Nouns ending in e, representing persons B. The following Masculine Nouns. These originally ended in an unaccented e, but have lost it in modern times: Nom. Singular. der Advocat', lawyer, der Antagonist, antagonist, der Astronom', astronomer, der Barbar, barbarian, der Elephant', elephant, der Geograph', geographer, der Graf, count, Nom. Plural. die Advoca ́ten. die Ahnen. die Elephan ́ten. die Geogra ́phen. die Grafen. Nom. Singular. der Husar, hussar, der Idiot', idiot, Nom. Plural. die Husa'ren. der Jesuit', Jesuit, der Klient', client, der Komet', comet, der Leu, lion, der Monarch, monarch, der Mensch, man, der Mohr, moor, der Methodist, methodist, der Narr, fool, der Ochs, ox, der Patient', patient, der Patriarch, patriarch, . der Philosoph, philosopher, der Planet', planet,. der Poet, poet, der Prälat', prelate, der Prinz, prince, der Protestant', protestant, der Quadrant, quadrant, der Soldat', soldier, der Spaß, sparrow, der Student', student, der Tyrann', tyrant, der Un'terthan, subject, der Vor'fahr, ancestor, die Idio ́ten. die Jesui'ten. die Katholi ́ken. die Klien ́ten. die Kome'ten. die Leuen. die Monarchen. die Menschen. die Mohren. die Methodi'sten. die Narren. die Ochsen. die Patienten. die Patriarchen. die Philosophen. die Plane'ten. die Poe'ten. die Prälaten. die Prinzen. die Protestan ́ten. die Quadran ́ten. die Solda'ten. die Spaßen. die Studen ́ten. die Tartaʼren. die Theolo ́gen. die Un'garn. die Unterthanen. die Vorfahren. C. Almost all Feminine Nouns of more than one syllable. (For exceptions see § 1, D and F, and § 2, A.) (See § 15 of the Grammar.) D. Those Feminine Monosyllabic Nouns which are not originally monosyllabic (see § 1, C), but which formerly have had two syllables ending with an unaccented e. The following are the principal ones: (All these nouns are declined like die Art.) E. The two nouns der Bauer, the peasant, and der Baier, the Bavarian. ADDITIONAL REMARKS ON THE DECLENSION OF NOUNS. § 6. Compound Nouns form their declension according to the last component: der Hausvater, pl. die Hausv ä ter; from das Haus and der Vater. (See the note to § 10 of the Grammar.) § 7. The Vocative is always like the Nominative. § 8. Nouns with a double vowel drop one of the vowels in the Plural when they receive the modification; as der Saal, the saloon, pl. die Säle. § 9. Mann, man, is in the plural Männer, men, but when it is compounded with other nouns, and is used in an indefinite way, it takes Leute, people, for its plural; as der Edelmann, nobleman, pl. die Edelleute. der Kaufmann, merchant, pl. die Kaufleute. To denote sex, Männer must be used; as der Ehemann, husband, pl. die Ehemänner, married men. § 10. The following nouns have two plural forms, each having a different meaning: § 11. The following nouns are only used in the plural § 12, The following nouns, in the signification attached to them, are not used in the Plural. They are for the most part abstract nouns, and names of plants. die Ankunft, arrival. der Anschein, appearance. das Ansehen, authority. der Argwohn, suspicion. die Asche, ashes. der Beginn, beginning. das Bestreben, endeavour. der Bund, alliance. der Dank, thanks. der Druck, oppression. die Ehre, honour. das Einkommen, revenue. das Elend, misery. der Empfang, receipt. das Entzücken, rapture. das Erbe, inheritance. der Flachs, flax. die Flucht, flight. der Friede, peace. die Furcht, fear. der Gefallen, favour. die Gerste, barley. |