of Parikud's residence. This practice of worshipping a substitute is widespread in Orissa. Thus the god Jagannath of Puri is represented by the minor god Madan Mohan on the occasion of the Chandan Jatra which is performed in the Narendra tamk; and in Bhubaneshvar the principal god, Lingaraj, whose image is a phallic symbol, which is not capable of being moved, is represented by Chandra Sekhar on the occasion of the Asokāstami festival. People wishing for a boon, such as the birth of a son or recovery from disease, make votive offerings of sheep, goats and fowls. These animals are not sacrificed, but are marooned on the island. As the herbage dries up during the hot weather and the water in the lake at that season is undrinkable, the fate of these unfortunate animals can be better imagined than described. This inhuman practice has recently come to notice, and in consultation with the Raja of Parikud and the Mahants and Pandits of Puri, it has been arranged to remove the animals at frequent intervals to the main land and let them loose there after affixing to them some distinguishing mark to indicate the fact of their dedication. VI.-A Seal of King Bhaskaravarman of Pragjyotisa found at Nalanda. By R. D. Banerji, M.Α. In the Annual Report for the Archæological Survey, Eastern Circle, Mr. K. N. Dikshit, M.A., Officiating Superintendent of that Circle, describes some of the most important finds discovered by Dr. D. B. Spooner at Nalanda. Dr. Spooner has brought to light seals of three different dynasties : (1) The Vais Dynasty of Thanesar. (2) The Maukhari Dynasty of the Middle Country. (1) An unknown dynasty of kings. It would not have been necessary for me to write this short note if Mr. Dikshit had succeeded in identifying the seal of the third dynasty of kings mentioned above. The seal described by Mr. Dikshit on page 45 of the Annual Report is undoubtedly the most important of the civic seals discovered by Dr. Spooner at Nalanda. This seal is one of Bhāskaravarman, king of Pragjyotișa who was a contemporary and ally of Harsavarddhana. Before the discovery of the Nidhanpur grant of Bhāskaravarman, this prince was known to us from the meagre account by Bana in the Harşacarita and the mention of the prince in Hiuen Tsiang's Itinerary. Dr. Spooner's Nalanda find is the second record of Bhāskaravarman and of the dynasty of Pusyavarman that has come to light as yet. In his description of this seal Mr. Dikshit states "Another fragmentary seal introduces us to a hitherto unknown genealogy, with names ending in varman". Further on he states "the names Nārāyanavarman, Chandramukhvarman, Supratisthitavarman and Pushkasavarman, as also Yajñavatī and Nayanaśobhā are not known so far to belong to any North Indian dynasty of the late Gupta period". If Mr. Dikshit had looked into the Epigraphia Indica, I am sure he would have been able to correct bis readings and to identify the royal personages mentioned in this record. On page 69 of the twelfth volume of the Epigraphia Indica, Professor Padmanātha Bhattacharya has given a complete genealogy of the dynasty of Pusyavarman from the founder to Bhāskaravarman. A reference to this would have shown that the dynasty is not a new one and the names Nārāyanavarman, Candramukhavarman, Yajñavati, Nayanaśobhā and Supratisthitavarman are not altogether unknown. With the aid of the Nidhanpur grant I am able to restore the inscriptions on the Nalanda seal to some extent : 1. [Ganapati varma Śr[i] Yajñavatyā [m] Śrī [Mahendravarmā. 2. [Sri-Suvra]tāyām Sri-Nārāyanavarmā. [ Śrī Devavatyām Śrī-Mahābhūtavarma ]. 3. [Sri-Vijñāna] vatyām Sri Candramukhavarma Sri Bho [gavatyām]. 4. [Śrī-Sthitava]rmā tena Sri-Nayanaśobhāyām Susthitavarma ]. 5. [ Sri-Śyāmādevyām ] Sri-Supratisthita. 6. [Varma Sri-Bhā ]şkara-varmeti. [Sii Mr. Dikshit is certainly wrong in reading Sri-Ko instead of Sri-Bho in 1.3 and in restoring Puskara instead of Bhāskara in 1. 6. I am not sure of his reading lakshmyām in 1. 5 but as I have not scen the original I cannot offer any suggestion. It ought to be Sri-Śyāmādevyām according to the Nidhanpur grant. The name of the mother of Suthitavarmman is Nayanadevi according to the Nidhanpur grant but according to the Nalanda seal it is Nayanasobha. We have a similar abbreviation of a proper name in early Gupta genealogies. The name of the queen of Candragupta II and the mother of Kumarāgupta I is Dhruvadevī in inscriptions but her full name was Dhruvasvāminī as found by Bloch in one of his Basarh Seals.1 Annual Report of the Archæological Survey of India, 1903-4 (p. 107, pl. XL.). In conclusion I venture to suggest that it would be highly convenient for Indian Epigraphists and students if important records like this are reproduced in the Annual Reports in which they are described. VII.-Ferry Tolls in an Orissan Copperplate. A copper-plate measuring 101" x 8" and provided with a ring by means of which it could be suspended was recently found at Manikpatna in the Puri District. It contains in Oriya the under-mentioned table of rates, but there is nothing to show the date when it was prepared. As the rates would be high even now, it probably refers to some old ferry across the Chilka Lake. This plate has been presented to the Patna Museum by Rai Bahadur Sakhi Chand, Superintendent of Police. TABLE OF RATES. For each elephant with load For each camel with the rider If camel wades through water, the ricer and others For each palanquin with eight bearers, one bahungi man and If the horse wades through water, (and) rider uses the boat If the elephant wades through water, its attendants using |