Plantagenet's New Albion, in the Loganian Library, is a rare work, and contains the earliest facts concerning New Jersey and Pennsylvania. London, 1648.

The Plain Dealer; or, Remarks on Quaker politics. Philadelphia, 1764. An Address to the inhabitants of Pennsylvania, in answer to Plain Dealer.

An Inquiry into the nature and necessity of a paper currency. 1729. Remedies proposed for restoring the sunk credit of Pennsylvania.

1721.

Smith and Gibbon's Remonstrance, showing the distress of the frontier inhabitants. Philadelphia, 1764.

Beatty's Journal of a two month's tour, with a view of promoting religion among the frontier inhabitants of Pennsylvania. London, 1768. 8vo. An Account of the first settlement of Virginia, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, by the English. London, 1735.

A Council held at Philadelphia, August, 1744, with the Delawares. The History of the Bucaniers of America. Dublin, 1741. 5th Edition. An Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of Pennsylvania from its origin. London, 1759. 8vo.

The British Empire in America, and state of the Colonies from 1710 to 1741. London, 1741. 8vo.

Nova Sucio seu Pennsylvaniæ in America, descriptio Stockholmiæ, 1702. 4to. (in the Swedish language.)

Histoire der Buccaniers of Vry-buyters van America, met figuuren. T' Amsterdam, 1700. 4to.

Votes and Proceedings of the House of Representatives of the Province of Pennsylvania, from October 4th, 1682, to September 26th, 1776. 18 vols. folio.

A two year's Journal in New York and part of its territories in America. London, 1701. 12mo.

Douglass' Summary, historical and political, of the first planting, progressive improvements of the British settlement in North America. Boston, 1749, and London, 1760.

Johnson's General History of the Pirates, from their rise and settlement in Providence to the present time, by Charles Johnson. 4th Edit. London, 1726.

Sir William Keith's (Governor of Pennsylvania,) history of the British plantations in America, with a Chronological account of the most remarkable things which happened to the first adventurers. Part I. containing the history of Virginia, &c. London, 1738. 8vo.

The Library of the American Philosophical Society, at Philadelphia, contains the following books, to wit:

Several books, by various writers, respecting the massacre of Indians at Lancaster. 1763.

MS.-Narrative, by John Watson, of the Indian Walk, being a purchase of land made of the Indians in Pennsylvania. 1756.

MSS.-Copies of Records concerning the early settlements on the Delaware river.-1st. English Records from 1614 to 1682.-2d. Dutch

Records, from 1630 to 1656,-extracted from the archives of the State of Pennsylvania, by Redmond Conyngham, Esqr.

MS. copies of Swedish Records, concerning the colony of New Sweden, (now Pennsylvania and Delaware,) obtained from the archives of the Swedish government at Stockholm, by Jonathan Russell, Esqr. (Swedish and French.)

MS.-The original cash book of William Penn, containing the entries of his expenses from 1699 to 1703,-kept by James Logan.

MS. The original rough Minutes of the Executive Council of Pennsylvania, from 1700 to 1716, from the papers of James Logan.

Extracts from the original Minutes of the Executive Council of Pennsylvania, from 1748 to 1758,-extracted by Thomas Sargent, Esqr. Secretary of State.

A brief History of the charitable scheme for instructing poor Germans in Pennsylvania, printed by B. Franklin, 1755.

Several pamphlets of 1764, of Philadelphia, of controversy-for and against the Quakers, whose ascendancy in the Assembly was disliked by

some.

The conduct of the Paxton men impartially represented. 1764.

Besides the foregoing, there are several works, giving historical and descriptive accounts of America, or of particular provinces, from their settlement.--Several written by Europeans in the 17th and 18th centuries.

In the Cambridge Library, Massachusetts, there is a German pamphlet, 12mo. of 44 pages, printed at Memmingen, by Andrew Seyler, 1792; the title of which is "A Geographical, Statistical description of the Province of Pennsylvania, by Fr. Daniel Pastorius, in an extract, (“Im Auszug") with notes." It contains several facts from 1683 to 1699, with an account of the Indians, &c. that would much illustrate our early history. Pastorius was a sensible man, and a scholar, who lived during the above time in Germantown, as chief Magistrate there.、

The New York Historical Society has reprinted some of Holme's "New Swedeland," from the Stockholm edition.

Graydon's Memoirs of a life of 60 years in Pennsylvania,-Ed. 1811. -is a book to be particularly recommended to the perusal of Philadelphians. It contains much of the local and domestic history of the town at and after the period of the Revolution, and affords a pleasing proof of good humour and good feelings of an aged gentleman, in the review of the incidents of his early life. The present generation know scarcely any thing of the past transactions which his book presents with the charm of good reading.

IT should be grateful to a contemplative and feeling mind, especially to a descendant of the pilgrim settlers of Philadelphia, to revive in the imagination such picturesque and scenic pictures, as may give to the mind's eye the striking incidents of that eventful period.

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We need not resort to fiction to adorn our moral or to point our tale;" for, facts, scattered throughout the following pages, will amply sustain the primal scene herein attempted.

We are to transport the fancy back to the original scite of Coaquanock,—so called from its border line, along the margin of the river bank, of lofty spruce-pines, rivalling in majesty the adjacent common wood-land foliage of oaks and underbrush ;-thus giving to the place a peculiarity and rarity, even in the eyes of the untutored savage, which lovers of the marvellous might now regard as something propitious.* There we must see the busy landing of families from the anchored barks, and witness their chastened joy at once more feeling their conscious tread on terra firma,— then a gravelly strand basing the front of the precipitous river banks. There their pious minds felt solemn emotions of gratitude and praise to Him, beneath whose eye their voyage had spedtheir hearts tendered, they knelt, and praised, and prayed! f

The beholder might then innocently smile to see the unskilled efforts of men, women and children, scrambling up the acclivity to attain the level of the elevated platform. The river banks then, like the woody banks at "the Bake-house" now,-near Poquesink creek

66.

-all shagg'd with wood, Where twisted roots, in many a fold,

Through moss, disputed room for hold."

The Indians called it Quequenaku; which means, the "grove of tall pines." This, for sake of euphony, we have contracted into Coaquanock. Such pines among other foresttrees is an admitted rarity. The Astrological signs of Philadelphia, by Taylor, will be given in another place. He says:

"A city, built with such propitious rays,

Will stand to see old walls and happy days."

+ The wife of the Governor, Thomas Lloyd, as soon as she landed, knelt down, and earnestly prayed the blessings of heaven on the future colony.

Such impediments overcome, they gathered beneath the dark ever-greens; there they meet the welcome salutations of the red natives, both in mutual wonder stand, and ruminate, and gaze.— Then the exploring eye, ranging on objects all around, beholds behind them interminable woods and hanging grape vines, &c. -"a boundless contiguity of shade,”—and below them, on the limpid stream, their own ships amid the paddling canoes of the Indians. All has the air of novelty and surprise. Their spirits feel many stirring emotions:-joy for safe arrival.-a lively sense of inhaling a new and genial air, so necessary after the restrictions and sickness of sea life;—even a momentary sadness might agitate the bosom from the sense that they were devoid of all the wonted accommodations and comforts of former home and civilization; but the prevalent sense of escape from "woful Europe," was an antidote, always at hand, to repress any murmurings.

Sustained by a predetermined courage to subdue all difficulties, and animated by future hopes of domestic comforts and of social prosperity and happiness, all join in a ready resolution to give mutual aid to every enterprise for individual or general benefit. Huts and caves are promptly resolved on as of paramount consideration. To this object, trees and underwood must be levelled. At the moment of such a beginning, we can readily imagine that some pious leader, like christian David at the first settlement of his christian community, strikes his axe into the first tree, exclaiming, "Here hath the sparrow found an house and the swallow a nest for himself, even thine altars, O Lord God of Hosts!" Here in the "sweet quiet," freed from the hurries and perplexities of woful Europe," as feelingly expressed by the founder, they could not but consider themselves escaped from persecution,-no longer like there fathers,

Preliminaries thus settled, the men and boys choose out their several grounds for their temporary hut or cabin, called a cave. While some dig into the earth about three feet near the verge of the river bank, others apply the axe to clear away the underwood or to fall trees, whose limbs and foliage may supply sides and roofs to their humble dwellings. In other cases, some dug sods, and of them formed the sides of their huts. To these, chimnies of grass and kneaded clay were set up,--and lo! their rude house was finished! Meanwhile, the women, equally busy in their sphere, had lighted their fire on the bare earth, and having "their kettle slung between two poles upon a stick transverse," thus prepared the meal of homely and frugal fare for the repast of the diligent builders. With good cheer and kindly feelings, all partake of the sylvan feast. Thus refreshed, they speedily bear off their unshel

tered furniture and goods to their several cabins, and feel themselves housed and settled for a season,

"Where homes of humble form and structure rude
Raise sweet society in solitude !"*

In due time, the mind, devoted to better accommodation, seeks for its permanent settlement. Then the busy, bustling era begins! First, the surveyor, with much labour, by falling of trees and drawing off brush-wood, forms a way through which to draw his "lengthening chain," whereby the city plot is made. Lots are

then to be covered with houses; and much of their material is to be found on the spot. Soon therefore the echoing woods resound with the labouring axe and the crash of falling trees. The wondering population of the forest are amazed at this first break of their long-long silence,-and starting here and flying there,beasts and birds,-excellent for diet and a luxury to Europeans living under the prohibition of "game laws,"--are shot down at frequent occasions,--even while the main design was to clear away the deep embarrassments of the soil. Even the reptiles, deadly and venomous, here first felt the assault of the primeval curse,and the serpent's head is crushed!" But although the astonished tenants of the forest thus feel and fear the busy stir of man throughout the day, and find in him an enemy before unknown, we may suppose they were not immediately to be driven from their favourite haunts, but long and frequent would they linger round their wonted securities in the darkness and silence of night. It was therefore no strange thing with the primitive population to hear occasionally at safe distances,--"the fox's bark, or wolf's lugubrious howl."

When buildings had thus been generally started, and the "clearings" and the "burnings" of the "brushwood" and " undergrowth," had began to mark, in rude lines, the originals of the present paved and stately streets, we may well imagine the cheerful greetings which passed among the settlers as they met, or surveyed each others progress. Often they must have reciprocally lent each other aid in "raisings" and other heavy operations requiring many hands. How busy then the brick makers, --what perpetual burnings of their smoking kilns,--what frequent arrivals and departures of small craft from the Jersies, previously settled,-of boards and slabs from their saw-mills, ere the Pennsylvania mills began.

We know there were many inequalities in the surface of the city plot then which we do not perceive now. Some hills were to

Some of those huts were so well constructed as to last for several years afterwards, not only serving the wants of succeeding emigrants, but in several cases, used by some of base sort, in aftertime, as homes good enough for low minds.

+ Pastorius' MS. in my possession, expressly says, he was often lost in the woods and brush in going from his cave, to Bom's house, south-east corner of Chesnut and Third streets, where he procured his bread.