of the victims, were greatly astonished that a commander of so much experience should have put any trust in the Punic promises of a Moor. They did not venture to break the news to the emperor, knowing how keenly he would feel the reverse suffered by his son in the land of his own glory and misfortune.' He therefore went to the grave unconscious of the calamity which had befallen Spain. No visible change had taken place in his condition; but he was able to hear the codicil of his will read, and to sign and seal it.

Charles had made his will on the sixth of June, 1554, at Bruxelles. The codicil, from its great length, its minuteness, and the frequent recurrence of provisions to be observed in case he died before he should see his son, there being now no hope of such a meeting, appears to have been prepared some time before. But as it was read to him ere his trembling hand affixed the last stamp of his authority, it remains as a proof that one of his latest acts was to charge Philip, by his love and allegiance, and by his hope of salvation, to take care that the heretics were repressed and chastised with all publicity and rigour, as their faults deserved, without respect of persons, and without regard to any plea in their favour.' The rest of the The rest of the paper is filled with directions for his interment, and with a list of legacies to forty-eight servants, and many thoughtful arrangements for the comfort of those who had followed him from Flanders. Although willing to send all his protestant subjects to martyrdom, he watched with fatherly kindness over the fortunes of grooms and scullions. It is said that Fray Juan de Regla proposed that Don John of Austria should be named in the will as next heir to the crown, failing the emperor's grandchildren; but if this incredible advice were given by

1 Chap. iv. p. 91.

the confessor, the dying man had energy enough left to reject it with indignation.'

ness.

September the tenth.-He was somewhat easier, although very weak, and able to take no nourishment, except a few spoonfuls of mutton-broth. He once more. received the eucharist, and confessed with great devoutGarcilasso was admitted to his bedside to take leave, and again was assured of the relief he felt in knowing that the Netherlands were to be governed by queen Mary. Gaztelu wrote that it was his majesty's particular desire that a safe-conduct should be immediately prepared for Dr. Cornelio and ten or twelve persons, who were to go to Flanders, but that it was to be kept secret for the present from the queen, for good and sufficient reasons. Quixada, in his letter to Vazquez, Isaid that it would be well that orders should be sent to him for his guidance, in case it should please God to make the sickness of his majesty mortal.

September the eleventh.-A crisis in the fever had been looked for on this day; and the doctors were of opinion that it was changing into what they called a double tertian. Don Luis de Avila came, and remained at Quacos.

September the twelfth. The patient had passed a better night, and was able to take some food; and hopes of a recovery began to be entertained.

September the thirteenth.-These hopes faded. He was decidedly worse. Nothing would remain on his stomach, and his weakness, and the state of his pulse, greatly alarmed the two physicians. His throat was constantly choked with phlegm, which, being too feeble to expectorate, he endeavoured to remove with his finger.

1 Salazar de Mendoça (Dign. de Castilla, fol. 161) says that Regla used to tell the story himself.

Letters from the regent and the queen of Hungary continued to express their wish to go to Yuste. Quixada, writing in reply, said that his majesty had always, since the beginning of his illness, been averse to this proposal, and that when he himself spoke of it again to-day, the emperor shook his head, as if to say no. Had his majesty been equal to any exertion, he would have also ventured to remind him that he ought formally to thank the queen for consenting to return to Flanders, knowing, as he did, how glad and how grateful he had been on receiving the intelligence. But in truth he was unfit not only to write, but even to dictate a letter, or to attend to any business whatsoever. If the archbishop of Toledo, therefore, was on the road to Yuste, he need not hurry himself. When he arrived, he must lodge either at a Dominican monastery, about a league off, or at Quacos; as no stranger could be put up at Yuste without the express orders of his majesty.

September the fifteenth.-Rhubarb pills had been again administered with good effect, and hope was not yet extinguished. 'But,' adds Quixada, 'you can hardly imagine how weak his majesty is. We all of us do our best to anticipate his wants; and if our blood would do him good, we would give it most joyfully.'

September the sixteenth.-The doctors considered him in a slight degree better. Avila, on the other hand, thought him hanging between life and death. A courier came from Lisbon with letters from the queen of Portugal, and to carry back news of the emperor's health. Catherine was aware of the dangerous state of her brother, and she had given great alms for the benefit of his soul, and had ordered masses to be said for him in every church in the kingdom.

September the seventeenth.-Mathys wrote that the emperor had been seized with ague fits, the cold fits

lasting much longer than the hot; that he vomited frequently and violently, after which his majesty lies unable to speak or move, and does not even ask for water to wash his mouth.' Gaztelu informed the secretary of state that he was no better; and that certain moneys had arrived from Seville. Quixada wrote not only to Vazquez, but to the regent and to the king. In each of the letters he said that the doctors now entertained little hope, and that the emperor's state was truly deplorable. To the king he gave a brief sketch of the codicil which had been added to the will. 'The emperor,' he wrote, 'having once expressed a desire to be buried here, and that the empress should be brought from Granada to be laid beside him, I ventured to observe that this house was not of sufficient quality to be made the resting-place of such great sovereigns; upon which he said he would leave the matter in the hands of your majesty.' The chamberlain concluded by assuring the king that in the matter he knew of-perhaps alluding to Don John-he would use every precaution in the world until his majesty came to Spain.

September the eighteenth. The emperor, wrote Mathys, touched nothing to-day but a little chicken broth, and some watered wine; the phlegm in his throat was very troublesome. Quixada said that he had not spoken a word for twenty-four hours; and Avila gave it as his opinion that he was certainly worse, whatever the doctors might say.

September the nineteenth.-Mathys announced that the hot and cold fits continued with great violence, and that his pulse was getting feebler and feebler. Dr. Cornelio had been ill and feverish all yesterday, and was no better to-day. At eight in the evening, Quixada wrote that a servant of the archbishop of Toledo was just come to say that the primate might be looked for

immediately; but it was now of no consequence when he arrived, as all hope of the emperor being able to attend to business was past. Called to the sick room, the writer laid his pen down, and resumed it in threequarters of an hour. He wrote thus: The doctors say, the fever rises and his strength sinks. Ever since noon, I have been keeping them from giving him extreme unction. They have been with me again to say it is time, but I have sent them to feel his pulse once more; for I will not allow the thing to be done until the necessity for it is quite plain. Thrice have they thus tried to bury him, as it were, and it goes to my very soul to see it.' The course of the pen was once more checked. 'I had written thus far, when the doctors came, and urged me to make haste. have therefore given his majesty extreme unction. seemed to me premature, but I yielded to the opinion of those who ought to know best. You will understand how I, who have served him thirty-seven years, feel at seeing him thus going. May God take him to heaven! But I say again that, to my thinking, the end will not be to-night. God be with him, and with us all! The ceremony is just now over, nine at night, Monday, September the nineteenth.'

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It

There were two forms of administering this crowning rite, a longer form for churchmen and a briefer one for the laity. At the request of the prior, the emperor was asked, by Quixada, which of the two he preferred, and he chose to be treated in the ecclesiastical fashion. This involved the reading of the seven penitential psalms, a litany, and several passages of scripture; through all of which the emperor made the proper responses in an audible voice. After the service was over, he appeared rather revived than exhausted by it.

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