ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE USE OF SOME ADVERBS.

Surely you are not going out in all this rain! i. e. I hope you are not going. You really are going out in all this rain.

No, I am assuredly not going out in doubtless understood my meaning. stood my meaning, i. e. probably. understood my meaning, i. e. certainly.

all this rain. You have You have no doubt underYou have undoubtedly not It is surely better to

It is certainly better to He is certainly not handsome.

leave it alone, i. e. is it not better? leave it alone, i. e. it is better.

think so? I do indeed.

You surely do not call him handsome. You do not really Will you strike him again? Indeed I do not indeed expect you to do He is not very tall; indeed, he He is very tall indeed. It cannot

I will. Indeed I will not. this, but I think you should. is not so tall as I am. possibly be mended.

'Peradventure' is used in old English, and is a Latin com

pound

Peradventure it was an oversight.

'Perhaps' is formed from it, with the Latin preposition 'per,' and the English 'hap,' instead of 'adventure'—

Perhaps in this neglected spot is laid some heart.

Haply some hoary-headed swain may say.

Well said! well done!

Well, then, I will tell you.
Things went ill with them.

It fared

ill with the conspirators. Everything went off well. He spoke thus, began thus. It happened thus. Thus fell Julius Caesar. Not thus! (any way but this!)

How!

He knocked

'Likewise' (in the same manner) in old English is joined with a verb; as, 'Ye shall all likewise perish:' but in modern English it connects clauses; as, 'The old people, and likewise the boys and women, were left to guard the city.' How things are changed! How have you managed? have you so soon forgotten all you had learnt? at the door once (number). He used to live there once (time). Once upon a time there was a giant (time). He went at once. Go at once. His authority was little regarded. I scolded him a little. I respected him not a little (for 'not little'). least known of any. He was liked, or at least not disliked. He said nothing; at least I did not hear him. He could scarcely lift the weight. He was scarcely tall enough, hardly quick

enough.

It was

'Together' is used with a verb; 'altogether' with an adjec

tive

They went together.

He was altogether mistaken.

case was altogether hopeless.

The

'Together' strengthens 'with;' as

I will do it together with you.

'He was generally right.' (In old English 'generally' is rather stronger in meaning, and implies ‘as a rule' or 'constantly.')

'Rather' is properly the comparative of 'rathe,' early, quick, and means the first at hand, first chosen. Hence

'Rather,' both in old and modern English, strengthens the meaning-

This is rather to your credit than not. justly found fault with than unjustly praised. was made.

I had rather be

Rather a tumult

In modern English, 'rather' has sometimes a qualifying sense, meaning 'a little '

It is rather cold.

game.

It is rather cooler. We had rather a good

'Upward,' 'downward '

His progress upward.

An incline downward.

These two words are also adjectives

His upward progress. The downward incline. 'Farther' is the adverb from 'far,' and expresses distance—

He went farther on the road.

'Further is the adverb from 'forth,' and expresses continuance

when
where

whither

whence

as

He proceeded further in the matter.

RELATIVE ADVERBS.

whereof
wherein

whereinto

whereon or whereupon

whereat

whereby

whereto

wherewith or wherewithal

wherefore.

It will be dark when I go home. A man dies when his soul leaves the body. When days are dark and friends are few. It is cold where I live. I go whither envy cannot follow,

Not so bad as we

('As' is also a relative

That bourne whence no traveller returns. seem. According as you desire. pronoun (see 'such'), and a conjunction: 'As you must go, make haste.' It is also used for 'while;' as, 'Singing as you go.') The society whereof I am a member will support me. The house wherein I dwelt. The company whereinto he was introduced. A staff whereon to lean. Whereupon I promised immediately. An object whereat to aim. A map whereby you may direct, your course. The land whereto I journeyed. Water wherewith I may quench my thirst.

withal to pay.

Wherefore I was much pleased.

INTERROGATIVE

I have not where

you going? Whence come you?

is this the true reason or not?

Whither are

Whether

How

Why do you say so?

How did it happen?

old are you? Whereof is this table made? Wherein do you trust? Whereinto is it changing? Whereon is this to be placed? Whereat do you aim? Whereby shall I know this? Whereto