The Cambridge Natural History, Volume 7Sidney Frederic Harmer, Sir Arthur Everett Shipley |
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Common terms and phrases
absent adult air-bladder alimentary canal Amphioxus anal fins artery Ascidians atrial Balanoglossus basis cranii body bones bony branchial arches branchial sac branchiostegal rays cartilage caudal fin cavity cells Chondrostei clefts coasts coelom coracoid cranial Craniates Crossopterygii dermal developed Dipnoi dorsal and anal dorsal fin duct ectoderm efferent eggs Elasmobranchs elongate embryo endostyle Eocene epipleurals external Fishes genera genus gill-clefts gills gland haemal hyoidean intestine Journ larva lateral Lepidosteus lobes longitudinal maxillaries median mouth muscles Neoceratodus nerve neural notochord oesophagus olfactory operculum organ pair parapophyses parietal Parker pectoral fins pelvic fins pharynx plates portion Post-temporal posterior praecaudal praemaxillaries present primitive Protopterus protractile pseudobranchiae pterygials radialia ribs scales scapula Shark side skull soft rays species spines spinous stomach structure Sub-Order surface tail teeth Teleostomi Teleosts Trans transverse processes upper usually valve vein ventral fins vertebrae vessels wall Zool
Popular passages
Page 262 - Its natural habitat is the bowel, and it has been demonstrated to be present along the whole length of the alimentary canal from the mouth to the anus.
Page 725 - ... the caudal fin acts as a rudder, save when it is needed for unusually rapid swimming, when it is used as in other fishes; the chief function of the broad pectorals seems to be that of forming a current of water through the gills, thus aiding respiration, which would otherwise be difficult on account of the narrowness and inflexibility o(
Page 530 - There is absolutely no reason for regarding Cephalaspis as allied to Pteraspis beyond that the two genera occur in the same rocks, and still less for concluding that either has any connection with Pterichthys.
Page 655 - ... sessile, inserted on the centra behind the transverse processes; anal spines 3; species silvery in color, the dorsal deeply notched, with 10 spines; vertebra:; 10 + le>=2f
Page 508 - ... swallows sand for the sake of the included nutrient particles. Apparently the airbladder is a functional lung at all times, acting in conjunction with the gills. At irregular intervals the fish rises to the surface and protrudes its snout in order to empty its lung and take in fresh air. While doing so the animal makes a peculiar grunting noise, 'spouting...
Page 619 - If these Amblyopses be not alarmed, they come to the surface to feed, and swim in full sight like white aquatic ghosts. They are then easily taken by the hand or net, if perfect silence is preserved, for they are unconscious of the presence of an enemy except through the medium of hearing. This sense is, however, evidently very acute, for at any noise they turn suddenly downward and hide beneath stones, etc., on the bottom.
Page 95 - It was four feet in length, and ten inches in diameter. When a Pyrosoma is stimulated by having its surface touched, the phosphorescent light breaks out at first at the spot stimulated, and then spreads over the surface of the colony as the stimulus is transmitted to the surrounding animals. I wrote my name with my finger on the surface of the giant Pyrosoma, as it lay on deck in a tub at night, and my name came out in a few seconds in letters of fire.
Page 482 - haunts the deeper holes and depressions of the muddy bed of the Nile, although it is not essentially a bottom-liver or mud-fish. It is most active at night when in search of food, and then it may readily be taken by trawl-lines. The lobate pectoral fins are used for progression, but their primary function is to act as balancers, and they exhibit the characteristic trembling movements so often seen in the balancing fins of teleosts. Polypterus does not readily live out of water, rarely longer than...