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believe that Christ dwells in glory at the right hand of the Father, where he is said to be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; because, whatever injury is done to us, he considers as done to himself, as when he exclaimed from heaven, "Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?' To go into deeper speculations on this subject, I think neither

useful nor safe.......Our Lord did not merely assume the substance of our body and animal life (anima) but became subjeet to all our afflictions, and to the penalty of all our sins, but still in such a manner that every thing in him was upright and perfect; nor was there in him any thing of the flesh, that is, the vicious. principle, warring with the Spirit.”

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE, &c. &c.

GREAT BRITAIN. PREPARING for publication :-The Life of J. Goodwin, by Thomas Jackson;— Considerations on Calvinism and Regeneration, by the Rev. W. B. Knight; Ossian, with original Notes and a Dis.・ sertation, by H. Campbell;-Journal of a Voyage to Greenland, by Capt. Manby; The Travels of Theodore Dacas, by C. Mills;—An Inquiry into the Truth and Use of the lately translated Book of Enoch, by Mr. Overton.

In the press-The works of Arminius, with the Author's Life ;-A System of Analytic Geometry, by the Rev. D. Lardner-Elements of Self-improvement, by the Rev. T. Finch;-A Third Volume of the Remains of H. Kirke White, by Robert Southey;-Oriental Literature, as a sequel to Oriental Customs, by the Rev. S. Burder;—Essays on the Recollections which are to subsist between earthly Friends, re-united in the World to come; and on other Subjects, religious and prophetical; by the Rev. T. Gisborne, A. M.

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bably not in quite this proportion; cach return being more perfect than the for. mer, and therefore augmenting the num ber. Only seven returns were deficient in 1821.

Cambridge.—Doctor Smith's Annual Prizes, to the two best proficients in mathematics and natural philosophy among the Commencing Bachelors of Arts, are adjudged to Mr. H. Holditch, of Caius College, and Mr. M. Peacock, of Bene't College, the first and second wranglers.

M. Dupin, a French writer, gives the following illustration of the labour performed by steam engines in this country. The great pyramid of Egypt required for its erection above 100,000 men for twenty years. The volume of the pyramid is 4,000,000 cubic metres, its weight about 10,400,000 tons. The centre of gravity is elevated 49 metres from the base; and, taking 11 metres as the main depth of the quarries, the total height of elevation is 60 metres, which, multiplied by 10,400,000 tons, gives 624,000,000 tons raised one metre.' The total of the steam-engines in England represents a power of 320,000 horses. These engines therefore in work for 24 hours would raise 862,800,000 tons one metre high, and consequently, 647,100,000 tons in 18 hours, which surpasses the produce of the labour spent in raising the materials of the great pyramid.

The air-pump, no longer confined to the service of experimental philosophy, has been of late years introduced with good effect into many of our manufactories. We lately mentioned a useful application of its powers in the processes of dying, sizing, and wetting down paper for printing, &c. as prac

tised in the Bank of Ireland. Another modern application is in the process of sugar refining. It is a circumstance generally known that fluids boil at a lower temperature beneath an exhausted receiver than when exposed to the ordinary pressure of the atmosphere. The sugar refiner, taking advantage of this principle, encloses the pan containing the saccharine fluid in a close vessel, when by the continued action of an air-pump, the air is so far rarified as to produce ebulition at a temperature not exceed ing, perhaps, 100 deg. of Fahrenheit's thermometer; which not only causes a saving of time and fuel, but materially diminishes the risk of charring the sugar.

It has been decided in the Court of King's Bench, that, in the event of an article pawned not being redeemed within twelve months and a day, the pawnbroker, though authorised to sell it, may be called upon to account to the owner for the amount of sale, deducting only the sum advanced, with interest and expenses. If the article is not actually sold, it may be redeemed even after the twelvemonth and day have expired; it not being the design of the law to give the pawn-broker any advantage from forfeited pledges, except recovering the amount of his loan, interest, and expenses. The rate of interest was fixed as high as was considered sufficient for the profits of the trade, without any additional source of remuneration.

An application was lately made to the Lord Chancellor, on the part of Mr. Murray, the publisher of Lord Byron's "Cain," for an injunction to restrain a printer named Benbow from pirating that work. The Lord Chancellor replied, that, having read the poem, he entertained a reasonable doubt of its character; and therefore, until the parties could shew that they could maintain an action upon it, he must refuse an injunction. The immediate consequence of this decision unhappily may be to inundate the country with cheap editions of exceptionable works, hitherto restricted in their circulation; but the ultimate effect, we trust, will be salutary, as authors will be discouraged in writing, and booksellers in publishing, works in which neither can hope to secure a copy-right. Hone and Carlile themselves stand in danger of having some of their most lucrative publications pirated with impunity by their fellowlabourer Mr. Benbow.-It is much to

the honour of our laws that they refuse to uphold any claim, agreement, or even bond which is proved to be “contra bonos mores."

UNITED STATES.

The evils of dram-drinking, so forcibly pointed out in this country, are felt still more strongly in many parts of North America. A committee of gentlemen was appointed some time since to inquire into the causes of pauperism in the city of New York. They stated, as the result of their investigation, that the most prominent and alarming cause of the distress of the numerous poor in that city was the inordinate use of spirituous liquors. Seven cases out of eight they could trace to this source. The" Moral Society" of Portland stated, in 1816, that out of 85 persons in the work-house of that town, 71 were reduced to that condition in consequence of intemper

ance.

INDIA, &c.

A case of some interest respecting. Indian Marriages lately came before the Court of the Recorder of Bombay.Mr. A. B. had been married at Seroor, in the presence of two witnesses, to Mrs. C. D., by the officer commanding the forces, there being at that time no clerical establishment at Seroor. The opinion of counsel was : "That this is a valid marriage to some intents and purposes, but not to all. Marriages in the British dominions in the East Indies are governed by the same law which prevailed in England prior to the Marriage Act, except where solemnized by ministers of the Scotch Church; which marriages are rendered valid by a recent act of parliament. This marriage is binding on the parties: a subsequent marriage by either with a third person, during the life of the other, would be void. The children would be to most purposes legitimate; but as there was no priest to perform the ceremony, there are certain rights connected with real property, to which, according to a long series of old cases, the parties so married would not be entitled. It is improbable that the parties, or their issue, would suffer inconvenience from the marriage being in some degree defective, as the occasions on which such defects would prove injurious are rare; but to make every thing safe, another marriage is necessary: it should be had in confirmation of the first, and upon no account in the ordinary form, as if no former marriage had taken place,"

The Recorder stated, that he was de cidedly of opinion that the existing mar. riage was valid to all purposes whatever; but in order to satisfy the anxiety of the parties, his lordship directed the license to issue, specially reciting the facts of the case, and requiring a specification that the marriage is contracted solely in order to remove any doubts as to the validity of that formerly contracted.

Sir T. S. Raffles some time since sent to England several skeletons of animals from Sumatra; among which is one of the Dugong. This creature grazes, as it were, at the bottom of the sea: it is, however, without legs, and is very

much of the figure of a whale. The position and structure of its mouth enable it to browse upon the fuci and submarine alge, and the whole structure of the masticating and digestive organs shews it to be truly herbivorous. It never visits land or fresh water, but lives in shallow inlets, where the sea is two or three fathoms deep. Its usual length is eight or nine feet. The whole adjustment of its parts is singularly adapted to its peculiar habits; and furnishes a new instance to the many on record of the wisdom of God in the works of creation.

LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

THEOLOGY.

Lectures in Divinity; by the late George Hill, D.D. 3 vols. 8vo. 36s.

Meditations on the Scriptures, on the Importance of Religions Principles and Conduct; by the Rev. Richard Walond, M.A. 2 vols. 12mo. 8s.

A Summary of Orthodox Belief and Practice, according to the Opinions and Sentiments of the first Reformers; principally compiled from Dean Nowell; by the Rev. John Prowett, M.A. 12mo. A Sermon preached in the Chapel of the East India College at Haileybury; by the Rev. J. H. Batten, D.D. 8vo.

Sketches of 100 Sermons, preached to congregations in various parts of the United Kingdom, and on the European Continent; furnished by their respec. tive Authors. vol. II. 12mo. 4s.

Discourses on the most Important Doctrines and Duties of Christianity; by P. Smith, A.M. 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Lectures on the Parables, selected from the New Testament; by the Author of Geraldine.

Pulpit Remains of the late Rev. Edward Hare, with a Memoir of his Life and Ministry; by the late Rev. J. Benson. 8vo. 9s.

Faith y Pererin, Yn Dair Rhan; or, Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, in Welsh; ornamented with fine engravings.

The History of Hugh Watson; or, the Difference between the Form of Godliness and the Power thereof. 18mo.

MISCELLANEOus.

Lady Jane Grey and her Times; by Geo. Howard, Esq. 8vo. 12s.

Memoirs of the Life of the Rev. W. Tennent, of the Presbyterian Church at Trutsold, New Jersey. 18mo. 1s. 6d.

The Life of Mr. Adam Blair, of CrossMeikle, post 8vo.

The Martyr of Antioch; a Tragic Drama; by the Rev. H. H. Milman, 8vo. 8s.

Thoughts on the Present System of
CHRIST, OBSERV. No. 243.

Academic Education in the University of Cambridge; by Eubulus. 8vo.

The Chronology of the Last Fifty Years, royal 18mo. 15s.

The Elements of General History, Ancient and Modern; being a continuation of Professor Tytler's work, to the demise of George the Third; by E. Nares, D.D. Regins Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford. vol. III.

The Ionian Islands, &c.; by F. T. C. Kendrick, Esq. 8vo. 12s.

A Description of the Island of St. Michael; by J. Webster, M.D. &c. 8vo. 13s.

The History, and Manners, and Literature of Japan; from Japanese MSS. by M. Titsinghi. 21. 188.

Memoirs of the Court of James the First: by Lucy Aikin. 2 vols. 8vo. 11. 4s. Guicciardini's History of Italy; by G. Rolandi, in Italian. 10 vols. 8vo. 31. 10s.

The History and Chronicles of Scotland; written by Hector Boece, translated by J. Bellenden. 2 vols. 4to. 51. 5s. large paper, 101. 10s.

Popular Elements of Pure and Mixed Mathematics, with above 1000 Questions and Problems; by P. Nicholson. 8vo. 20s. A Key to the above. 8vo. 6s.

The Works of the late Mr. Playfair, with a Memoir of the Author. 4 vols. 8vo. 21. 12s. 6d.

Irah and Adah, a Tale of the Flood; by T. Dale. 8vo. 9s.

Poems on several Occasions; by Lord Thurlow.

Thoughts on the Defective State of Prisons, and Suggestions for their Improvement; by T. Le Breton. 8vo. 7s.

Cottu on the Criminal Jurisprudence of England, and the Spirit of the English Government, translated from the French. 9s.

Plain Reasons why Political Power should not be granted to Papists; by Samuel Wix, A.M. F.R. and A.S. 8vo. 18. 2 A

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.

CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

TWENTY-FIRST REPORT.

(Concluded from p. 123.)

THE Madras and South India Mission next claims our attention.

At the opening of the new church, at Madras, there were present upwards of one hundred and fifty native child. ren, belonging to the different schools in Madras and its vicinity, under the Society's care: with the schoolmasters, catechists, and readers; and about one hundred and fifty other male and female adults, many of them avowed heathen, also attended. This church was erected by the liberality of Government, for the accommodation of the Native Protestant Christians of the Mission. A piece of ground for a burial place, was also granted. Mr. Barenbruck has begun to preach in Tamul. Mrs. Barenbruck has opened a girls' school. A Bible Society and School-book Society had been formed at Madras. The tracts printed at this station, have found a rapid circulation, in Madras and at the different provincial Missions.

TRANQUEBAR.

The Committee, in entering on the account of the schools connected with this station, announce the death of the valued Superintendant, the Rev. Mr. Schnarrè; who was removed, in the midst of his career of usefulness, by a sudden and violent disorder.-In the Seminary for preparing Schoolmasters, there were, at the time of Mr. Schnarrè's last report, eleven youths; besides five Christian and ten heathen boys. The number of children in the schools was 1627. Mr. Schnarrè had composed, during his residence at Tranquebar, a number of sermons in the Tamul language, of which a very high character is given; and it is thought they will prove a valuable help to his fellow-missionaries.

TINNEVELLY.

In the last Report it was stated, that, at Midsummer 1819, there were eight schools, containing four hundred and seventy-one scholars. The number of schools has been increased to eleven, but without a corresponding increase of children; the cholera having carried off some, and deterre I others from attend. ing.

The circulation of books and tracts

has been considerable, and has been attended with beneficial effects. In nine. months, 1670 had been distributed, at the expense of the Society; the greater part of them were Tamul tracts, with Testaments and separate books of Scripture in that language. Tamul Testaments are much in demand. The supply having been exhausted, several heathens and others were anxiously waiting a fresh arrival

TRAVANCORE.

At the three stations, which at present form the Society's Mission in Travancore-Cotym, Cochin, and Allepie the Corresponding Committee report, that there is a steady progress, through the Divine blessing, toward the accomplishment of its designs.

For the more methodical cultivation of the wide field of labour opening before the missionaries resident at Cotym, they have agreed to make a three-fold division of their work: Mr. Bailey devotes his time chiefly to the, clergy; Mr. Fenn to the college; and Mr. Baker to the schools. The work of translations proceeds with spirit and effect.

In the college the number of students is forty-two; of whom, twenty one have passed through the five initiatory ordinations. Their improvement has been› tolerably good. The establishment of parochial schools to be attached to every church under the jurisdiction of the Syrian Metran, has long beeu ardently desired by the Metiap and by the Missionaries; and was early contemplated by Colonel Munro, in his plans for the improvement of the moral and religious condition of the people. It was in every point of view desirable, that the expense of these schools should be borne by the churches themselves, wherever sufficient local resources existed and several schools have been recently established on that footing.

:

In the course of the year, the Missionaries have visited Cochin, with as much regularity as they were able, for the purpose of performing Divine Service to the European inhabitants of that place.

The opening of the church at Allepie, was mentioned in the last Report. It is a substantial building, and will accommodate from 700 to 800 persons. The service was, at first, performed both in English and Malayalim at the date of

the last advices, Mr. Norton was about to add a service in Portuguese. The English congregation consisted of about forty persons; and the Native of about one hundred, of all ages, Syrians, converts from the Romish Church, and catechumens. Many persons might have been baptized; but Mr. Norton looks for sincere and duly informed candidates for that sacred ordinance. Mr. Norton has prepared several tracts, and wishes much for a printing-press. The New Testament and tracts have been extensively circulated. Tamul tracts are in great demand.

The extent of the Society's exertions in the south of India, and the compa rative expense of the different parts of the mission, may be ascertained from an estimate of the expenditure of the current year. The calculation is made in Madras rupees, (nine of which are equal to a pound sterling and a few pence over,) and is as follows:-Madras, 7115; Tranquebar, $567; Tinnevelly, 4937; Travancore, 14,787; Tellicherry, 420; Printing Department, 840; Secretary's Office, 420: making a total of 32,086 Madras rupees (somewhat more than 36001.) for the ordinary expenditure, The extraordinary expenditure of the year is calculated at 5250 rupees for the erection of the seminary at Madras, and the same sum for the payment of the premises purchased for the Tinnevelly Mission; making an entire total of 42,586 Madras rupees, or about 48001.

The Bombay and Western India Mission is too much in its infancy to furnish any details of extensive importance.

CEYLON MISSION.

On quitting the government of Ceylon, Sir Robert Brownrigg bore strong testimony to the prudence with which the Society's concerns had been conducted at that difficult station. His excellency remarked:

The whole island is now in a state of tranquillity, most favourable to the cultivation and improvement of the human mind. I cannot doubt that, under the guidance of Providence, the progress of Christianity will be general, if the zeal for propagating the knowledge of our redemption, among those who are ignorant of a Redeemer, be tempered with such a sound discretion as has been exhibited already by one of your mission in the centre of a heathen people. It is my sincere wish that you may all follow that example; and that your success may justify my partial feel

ings of regard for the Missionaries of the Established Church."-The Archdeacon of Colombo, to whom the Society is under great obligations for his uniform kindness to its missionaries, having stated his want of means to publish the Liturgy and suitable Tracts in the native languages, the Committee placed the sum of 2001. at his disposal, in furtherance of this object. An extract from the Archdeacon's letter will shew the seasonableness of this aid :—“ Some of the Homilies," he remarks," printed in Cingalese, would be very useful to those who could read with facility. I am now printing 1000 copies of Sellon's Abridgment of the Scriptures in Cingalese; but what are they among so many? Why should not the Tract Society assign some money to our disposal and discretion, in printing Tracts in Cingalese and Malabar? I have no funds for accomplishing a hundredth part of what is requisite. We have just finished printing 1000 copies in quarto, of the Book of Common Prayer in Cingalese, at the expense of the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge: but it is a work by no means adequate to the demand; and I hope that the Society will give us a large edition in octavo."-An application from the Missionaries, of a somewhat similar nature, has met with a ready compli ance on the part of the Committee.

Many particulars are given by the Missionaries of the state of the Natives, which forcibly urge the duty of persevering exertions to liberate them from the bondage of their superstitions. Oue of them writes:

"You will meet, every day, with numbers who bear about them the badges of their slavery and superstition. A piece of thread tied round the arm is their preservative from disease; or a ring of iron their protection from evil spirits, who, they suppose, have a peculiar dread of this metal: others have a small brass tube, containing some sort of medicine, fastened in a band round the waist; which they expect will act as a spell, and remove the most obstinate malady. Their whole religion embraces only two objects-deliverance from temporal evils, and security of temporal prosperity. To ensure deliverance, they have recourse to the means already mentioned: to obtain security, they make vows and oblations. Thus, previous to the time of harvest, while the paddy (or rice-crop) is in blossom, they form long bands with the leaves of the cocoa

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