6. Most Adverbs end in ly. This suffix literally means like; thus, gayly means literally gay-like.

What does Sweetly mean? Nicely? Splendidly?

7. We may take almost any Adjective and add the suffix ly to it, and we shall have an Adverb. The Adverb will always mean in the manner of the quality denoted by the Adjective from which it is made. Thus:

Adj. Gay+ly=Adv. Gayly: in a gay manner.
Adj. Sweetly=Adv. Sweetly: in a sweet manner.
Adj. Nicely = Adv. Nicely: in a nice manner.

NOTE.-Most words ending in ly are Adverbs. But there are a few that are not. Thus, lovely is not an Adverb, but an Adjective. By the following rule you can always tell Adverbs from Adjectives: If the ly is added to an Adjective, it forms an Adverb; if the ly is added to a Noun, it forms an Adjective. In lovely, the ly is added to a Noun-love: hence, lovely is an Adjective. In kindly, the ly is added to an Adjective-kind: hence, kindly is an Adverb.

8. Some Adverbs do not end in ly. They are generally short words denoting time, place, manner, or cause.

Pupils will write on their slates the following list:
Adverbs of TIME: to-day; early; soon; now; then; when.
Adverbs of PLACE: here; there; above; below; far; near.
Adverbs of MANNER: well; ill; how; very; yet; not.
Adverbs of CAUSE: why; therefore; whence.

9. Adverbs are compared in the same manner as Ad

1. The wind blew terribly. 2. The boys swim badly. 3. I know where he did it, when he did it, and why he did it. 4. Charles was here

yesterday. 5. The stars are very bright. 6. We must win now or never. 7. The eagle flies exceedingly high. 8. Alice's exercise is well written. 9. We shall not fail. 10. The Tribune comes out daily. 11. Few men are always happy. 12. This lesson has not been perfectly prepared.

4. Make twelve sentences containing Ad- (Using the Adjectives soft,

verbs of Degree.........

hard, sweet, bitter, fine,

blue, etc.

D.

Tell which of the words in LY are ADVERBS, and which are ADJECTIVES.

1. The farmer's extensive fields produce abundantly.

2. Be it ever so homely, there's no place like home.

3. We are exceedingly anxious to learn.

4. Go, lovely rose.

5. The vessel has been sailing slowly under steam for two hours.

6. The motherly care of the hen is plainly shown.

XIX. PHRASES.

1. The armored man.
2. Our sea-side cottage.

3. A beautiful thing.

1. In these expressions the words armored, sea-side, beautiful, are Adjectives.

2. We may give the same idea by saying, 1. The man in armor.

2. Our cottage by the sea-side.

3. A thing of beauty.

3. Take these beautiful words of the poet Shelley: Like a glow-worm golden

In a dell of dew,
Scattering unbeholden

Its aërial hue.

The words "in a dewy dell" would give just the same sense as "in a dell of dew."

4. Now write these expressions:

In armor. By the sea-side. Of beauty.

Armor, sea-side, and beauty are NOUNS. The little words in and of are called Prepositions. In the expression “The man in armor," the Preposition in links 66 armor” to “man." In the expression "By the seaside," the Preposition by links "sea-side" to "cottage." In the expression "A thing of beauty," the Preposition of links "beauty" to "thing.”

5. DEFINITION.-Prepositions link Nouns to other words. 6. We have in English about fifty of these little linkwords. Six of the most used are: To, of, for, from, with,

by.

NOTE TO BE READ. -The scholar may soon learn to tell Prepositions by remembering that these little words are usually followed either immediately or very soon by a Noun. There may be one or two Adjectives between the Preposition and its Noun; and the pupil must not be misled by this. Thus we may say, “I saw a man with a long, white beard." Here with is a Preposition, and it links "beard" to 66 'man"-A man with a beard that was "long" and "white."

7. DEFINITION.-A Preposition with its accompanying Noun is called a Phrase.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

1. Brevity is the soul of wit.

2. There is no terror in your threats.

3. For I in spirit saw thee move

Through circles of the bounding sky.

4. Four angels with flaming swords guarded the gates of Paradise.

8. A single word may often be changed into a Phrase. For example:

1. The sheep are in the meadow. 2. The room is full of children. 3. He lives in the old cottage at the foot of the hill. 4. My book is below yours.

field.

5. You came after the time.

Select the PHRASES.

B.

6. The dog runs across the

1. The trees of the garden are loaded with fruit. 2. I walked yesterday from our house to the church. 3. The river flows down the valley. 4. The boy in the boat caught a fish with a line. 5. A sailor at sea looks hopefully for land. 6. The child met me on the road.

C.

Change the italicized WORDS into PHRASES.

1. It is pleasant to lie on a flowery bed. 2. The army advanced has tily. 3. Jenny Lind sang sweetly. 4. Sensible men sometimes differ in opinion. 5. The professor delivered a historical lecture.

were no railroads then.

6. There

D.

Supply appropriate PREPOSITIONS. Tell what words are linked, and name the PHRASES formed.

EXAMPLE. The visitor passed through the gate.

Make sentences with the following PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES:

MODEL.-The horse stands in his stall.

In the house, on the table, at the school, by the waterside, to the church, into the shop, toward the High Street, up the hill, down the hill, from the farm, over the river, across the bridge, under the tree, above the water, behind the curtain, before the glass, near the fire, through the field, beyond the gate, among the corn, since yesterday, till to-morrow, during the shower, after the storm.

F.

Express by SINGLE WORDS the meaning of the phrases

in ITALICS:

1. A man of courage does not fear death.

2. We sailed on the river by the light of the moon.

3. The antlered monarch sprang in haste from his couch of heather. 4. Learning is the eye of the mind.

5. A settler from Australia returned last week.

6. People at this time live better than they ever did before.