potential of the external forces is single-valued, and the density of one fluid is always greater than that of the other at the same pressure, all the surfaces of contact must form part of the same equipotential surface.

9. Discuss the conditions of stability of a rigid body floating in homogeneous liquid.

10. The absolute temperature 0 and the vapour pressure p of the atmosphere are given functions of the height. Shew that the total pressure II at height x is given by

where R1, R2 are the constants of the characteristic equations of dry air and vapour, treated as perfect gases.

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY.

SECOND PAPER.

Professor Sir Frederick Mc Coy.

1. Write a short treatise on the geological characters indicative of the action of Ice, as exemplified in (a) Glaciers, (b) Icebergs.

2. Write a short treatise on all the characters observed by geologists as affecting changes in the Earth due to great heat, as exemplified by borings to great depths, volcanic phenomena, hot springs, and metamorphic actions.

3. Explain fully Mallet's theories of earthquake actions, and the experiments and observations on which they were founded.

4. Give the chemical constitution formulæ, crystallographic system, hardness, streak, and blow-pipe reaction of as many rock-forming minerals as you

can.

5. Write down the notation according to Weiss, Naumann, and Miller respectively of all the faces of each of the primary forms of the Monometric and of the Hexagonal systems.

DEDUCTIVE LOGIC.

SECOND PAPER.

Professor Laurie.

1. Write a short essay on the relation of Formal Logic to Psychology.

2. How would you distinguish between Perception and Thought? Why is the distinction spoken of as a "logical distinction" "?

3. Show the importance of language to thought. Discuss the question whether the formation of Concepts is possible without language.

4. "What, then, it may be asked, does the general term precisely stand for or represent? It signifies or symbolises simply an individual image, which we consider as representing, though inadequately, the generality." Consider the question

here raised.

5. May the form xy > 0 be regarded as equivalent to a particular affirmative proposition? Give your

reasons.

6. Mention various ways in which the contradictory of a class expression may be obtained. Illustrate by obtaining the contradictory of xy + ÿz + wxz.

7. Describe various methods of elimination from a group of terms. Does such elimination necessarily make our information less precise? Explain the formula Ax + B + C = 0, as affected by the elimination of x.

8. If xy is identical with a, and y identical with c, what can be asserted of xy, y being eliminated? Show your working.

INDUCTIVE LOGIC.

SECOND PAPER.

Professor Laurie.

1. Compare the views of Mill and Venn respectively on the Plurality of Causes.

2. Compare the argument from Analogy with the formula proposed by Venn for inferences in cases of co-existence.

3. How does Venn deal with the difficulty attending the origin of our belief in the Uniformity of Nature? Compare his position with that of

Mill.

4. Examine critically the following statements :-(a) In Induction we proceed from effects to causes, whereas in Deduction we proceed from causes to effects. (b) In Induction we reason from facts to ideas, and in Deduction from ideas to facts.

5. In what sense may Analysis and Synthesis be regarded as entering into the process of Hypothesis ?

6. Examine the bearing of Venn's artificial example (the hotel bells), where the possible antecedents are few and definite, on (a) the Method of Agreement, and (b) the Joint Method of Agreement and Difference.

7. What is the connection between Science and Art? Can the strictly scientific standpoint be maintained in publishing the results of our study of the conduct of intelligent beings?

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.—PART I.

SECOND PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Describe the spherometer and how to use it to determine the curvature of a spherical surface. Prove the formula required.

2. Describe fully how the mean density of the earth has been determined.

3. Explain how to correct the reading of a mercurial barometer so as to obtain the height which the mercury column would assume under standard conditions.

4. State Newton's law of cooling, and describe how to experimentally verify it.

5. Describe the construction and explain the action of the Wimshurst machine.

6. Describe how to determine the electric power absorbed by an incandescent lamp per candlepower of luminosity produced.

7. Describe the arrangements adopted by Tesla for generating alternate currents of high tension and short period.