Rebellious Prophets: A Study of Messianic Movements in Indian Religions

aboriginals Ahmadiya Ahom Ajmer Assam Basava Bayazid became began believed Bengal bhagats Bhils Bhumij Birsa Bombay Brahmins British Calcutta century Chamars Chattampi Chattampi Swamikal chief Christian claimed cultivation culture death disciples District divine doctrines economic Ezhavas faith fight followers Gaidiliu Ganga Narayan Garos Ghasi Golden Age Gonds Government Gujarat Hindu castes Hinduism incarnation India Islam joined Kerala killed king landlords large numbers leader Lingayats Lingo liquor living low castes Mahdi Mahua messianic movements Mirza Mirza Ghulam Ahmad missionaries Miyan Moamarias Muinud-Din Mundas Muslim Nagas Naikdas oppression Oraons police political preached prophet Qadian Raj Mohini Raja rebellion rebels reform religion religious revival revolt rule saint Saiyid Ahmad Sambhudan Santals Sanyasis Satnamis saviour sect Shankara Deva Shiva Sikh Sing Bonga Singh social spirit Sri Narayana Guru Swami Narayan temple thousand took traditional tribal tribes troops Vaishnava Vasudeo village Virabramham Wahabi Warlis worship zamindars